2024屆河北省邯鄲市高三上學(xué)期第一次調(diào)研監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

邯鄲市2024屆高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)本試卷共12頁(yè)，滿(mǎn)分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷由四個(gè)部分組成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考場(chǎng)/座位號(hào)、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。3.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atasmallcafé.B.Inashoppingcenter.C.Inarestingplace.2.Howlargeisthesecondarybedroom?A.12squaremeters.B.15squaremeters.C.30squaremeters.3.Howdidthewomancometowork?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Onfoot.4.Whatisthewoman?A.Atourist.B.Ahostess.C.Atourguide.5Whatisthemandoing?A.Playingbaseball.B.Readingabook.C.SurfingtheInternet.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whohasbrownhair?A.Alex.B.Tina.C.Susie.7Howdothespeakersmeet?A.Byself-introduction.B.Byappointment.C.Byaccident.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Fortunate.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Managerandcustomer.C.Interviewerandjobhunter.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tomakeacomplaint.B.Tobuyanewcar.C.Toaskforinformation.11.Whatwillthemechanicdofirst?A.Checkthecar.B.Replacethecar.C.Test-drivethecar.12.Whenwillthemechanicprobablygivethemandoor-to-doorservice?A.At5:00pm.B.At5:30pm.C.At6:00pm.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofhertriptoAlabama?A.Enjoyable.B.Terrible.C.Exhausting.14.Wheredoesthewoman’sgrandmaprobablylive?A.Inabigcity.B.Onawinefarm.C.Inthecountryside.15.Whatwouldthewomandointheevening?A.Visitwinefarms.B.Accompanyhergrandma.C.Takeawalk.16.Whatdoesthemanhopetodo?A.Tastedifferenttypesofwine.B.Gotravelingwiththewoman.C.VisitAlabamaimmediately.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoflearningEnglish?A.Difficult.B.Interesting.C.Effortless.18.Whatisthespeaker’sadviceonplayingvocabularygames?A.Spellingasmanywordsaspossible.BLearningnewwordswhiletravelling.C.Listingrelatedwordsaroundatopic.19.Whatshouldyoudoifyougetstuckinlearninggrammar?A.Askteachersforhelp.B.Domoreexercises.C.Refertoreferencebooks.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Howtoenlargeyourvocabulary.B.SometipsonlearningEnglish.C.Introductionofsomegames.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABookReviewsNotTooLate:ChangingtheClimateStoryfromDespairtoPossibilityByRebeccaSolnitandThelmaYoungLutunatabua(HaymarketBooks,2023)Hopeisn’talotteryticket,saysactivistandwriterRebeccaSolnit.Rather,it’satool,andanessentialoneforanyonelivingthroughclimatechangetoday.Thisessaycollectionfromscientists,policymakers,andactivistsbalancesshowingtheveryrealstakes(利害關(guān)系)oftheclimatecrisiswithmakingthecaseforpossibility.SavingTime:DiscoveringaLifeBeyondtheClockByJennyOdell(RandomHouse,2023)“Whatistime?”we’veallaskedourselvesandeachother.Formostofusthequestionisjustaquestion,butnotforOdell,whourgesustoseriouslyreconsiderthewayswespendit.Notbadadvice,butherobservationson,say,theimportanceofrestorthelimitationcapitalismhasonthehoursinourcollectivedayscanfeelmorelikeamixofotherpeople’sideasthananewwayforward.ScienceFiction:VoyagetotheEdgeofImaginationByGlynMorgan(Thames&Hudson,2022)ScienceFiction,writesNaloHopkinsoninthiscataloguefortheLondonMeganets:HowDigitalForcesBeyondOurControlCommandeerOurDailyLivesandInnerRealitiesByDavidB.Auerbach(PublicAffairs,2023)Auerbachdefinesmeganetsasautonomousdigitalforcesthathavebroughtanunheard-oflevelofchaostoourpolitics,economy,andsociallives.WemightthinkthatMicrosoft,Google,etc.areincontrolofthesenetworks;Auerbachsuggeststhatwhatchatbotsmightreallyindicatearenewmodesofmasscontrolandcheat.1.Whichbookisrelatedtoclimate?A.NotTooLate. B.SavingTime. C.ScienceFiction. D.Meganets.2.Whosebookcameoutfirst?A.JennyOdell’s.B.GlynMorgan’s.C.DavidB.Auerbach’s.D.RebeccaSolnitandThelmaYoungLutunatabua’s.3.WhatisDavidB.Auerbach’sattitudetowardmeganets?A.Worried. B.Excited. C.Disappointed. D.Satisfied.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾本書(shū)的書(shū)評(píng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“NotTooLate:ChangingtheClimateStoryfromDespairtoPossibility(《還為時(shí)不晚》：將氣候故事從絕望變?yōu)榭赡?”中“Rather,it’satool,andanessentialoneforanyonelivingthroughclimatechangetoday.Thisessaycollectionfromscientists,policymakers,andactivistsbalancesshowingtheveryrealstakes(利害關(guān)系)oftheclimatecrisiswithmakingthecaseforpossibility.(相反，它是一種工具，對(duì)于今天生活在氣候變化中的任何人來(lái)說(shuō)都是必不可少的。這篇來(lái)自科學(xué)家、政策制定者和活動(dòng)家的論文集在展示氣候危機(jī)的真實(shí)利害關(guān)系和證明可能性之間取得了平衡)”可知，NotTooLate這本書(shū)與氣候有關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對(duì)比其它三本書(shū)出版時(shí)間為2023年，由“ScienceFiction:VoyagetotheEdgeofImagination(《科幻小說(shuō)》：想象力的邊緣之旅)”中“ByGlynMorgan(Thames&Hudson,2022)(GlynMorgan（泰晤士和哈德遜出版社，2022）)”可知，GlynMorgan的書(shū)于2022年出版，為最先出版。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由“Meganets:HowDigitalForcesBeyondOurControlCommandeerOurDailyLivesandInnerRealities(Meganets：數(shù)字力量如何超越我們的控制，主宰我們的日常生活和內(nèi)心現(xiàn)實(shí))”中“Auerbachdefinesmeganetsasautonomousdigitalforcesthathavebroughtanunheard-oflevelofchaostoourpolitics,economy,andsociallives.(奧爾巴赫將巨網(wǎng)（meganets）定義為自主的數(shù)字力量，它們給我們的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活帶來(lái)了前所未有的混亂)”可知，DavidB.Auerbach’s認(rèn)為巨網(wǎng)（meganets）給人類(lèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活帶來(lái)了前所未有的混亂，可得出他對(duì)巨網(wǎng)（meganets）持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。BWhenthedesignerandtypographer(排印工)MarcinWicharychanceduponatinymuseumjustoutsideBarcelonafiveyearsago,theexperiencetippedhisinterestinthehistoryoftechnologyintoanobsession(癡迷)withaveryparticularpartofit:thekeyboard.“Ihaveneverseensomanytypewritersunderoneroof.Notevenclose,”hesharedontheInternetatthetime.“Atthispoint,Iliterallyhavetearsinmyeyes.I’mnotkidding.Thisfeelslikeamiracle.”He’dhadadiscoverywhilewanderingthroughtheexhibit:Eachkeyonakeyboardhasitsownstories.Andthesestoriesarenotjustaboutcomputingtechnology,butalsoaboutthepeoplewhodesigned,used,orotherwiseinteractedwiththekeyboards.Takethebackspacekeyforexample,heexplains,“Ilikethattheconceptofbackspacewasoriginallyjustthat—aspacegoingbackward.Weareusedtoiterasingnow,butforahundredyears,erasingwasitsownincrediblycomplexeffort.YouneededtomasteraCometeraser,orWite-Out,orstrangecorrectiontapes,andpossiblyalloftheabove…orgiveupandstartfromscratchwheneveryoumadeasmallmistakeintyping.”Thedeeperheresearched,themoreobsessivehebecame.Amazedthatnocomprehensivebooksexistedonthehistoryofkeyboards,hedecidedtocreatehisown.WhennotworkingathisdayjobasthedesignleaderforthedesignsoftwarecompanyFigma,hebeganproducingShiftHappens,atwo-volume,1,216hardcoverbook—andraisedover$750,000fortheprojectonKickstarterinMarchof2023.Wicharywasonlyabitsurprisedbythesupportandthekeyboard’swideappeal.Ashepointsout.“It’ssuchacrucialdevicethatoccupiesalotofourwakinglife.”4.Afterthemuseumexperience,Wichary’sinterestintechnology________.A.tookoff B.diedout C.grewstronger D.becamemoreconcrete5.WhatdidWicharydiscoverwhileadmiringthekeyboards?A.Thestoriesbehindthem. B.Thewisdomofhuman.C.Thesecretofthekeyboards. D.Thehistoryoftechnology.6.WhatdoesWicharywanttotellusaboutthebackspacekeyinParagraph4?A.Itisasimplebutpowerfulkey.B.Itcanbeusedtomovebackonespace.C.Itistheresultoflong-termimprovement.D.Itallowspeopletomakemistakeswhentyping.7.WhydidWicharywritehisownbook?A.Tofillagap. B.Togetfamous. C.Tomakemoney. D.Torecordhistory.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，去一家小博物館的經(jīng)歷讓設(shè)計(jì)師兼排版師MarcinWichary對(duì)鍵盤(pán)產(chǎn)生了興趣，之后他開(kāi)始制作一本關(guān)于鍵盤(pán)歷史的全面書(shū)籍?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Whenthedesignerandtypographer(排印工)MarcinWicharychanceduponatinymuseumjustoutsideBarcelonafiveyearsago,theexperiencetippedhisinterestinthehistoryoftechnologyintoanobsession(癡迷)withaveryparticularpartofit:thekeyboard.(五年前，當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)師兼排版師MarcinWichary偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)巴塞羅那郊外的一家小博物館時(shí)，這段經(jīng)歷讓他對(duì)技術(shù)史的興趣變成了對(duì)其中一個(gè)非常特殊的部分的癡迷：鍵盤(pán))”可知，參觀博物館后，Wichary對(duì)技術(shù)史的興趣變成了對(duì)技術(shù)史中的一個(gè)非常特殊的部分（鍵盤(pán)）的癡迷，可知他對(duì)技術(shù)的興趣變得更加強(qiáng)烈。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“He’dhadadiscoverywhilewanderingthroughtheexhibit:Eachkeyonakeyboardhasitsownstories.(他在展覽中發(fā)現(xiàn)：鍵盤(pán)上的每一個(gè)鍵都有自己的故事)”可知，Wichary在欣賞鍵盤(pán)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了鍵盤(pán)背后的故事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段中“Weareusedtoiterasingnow,butforahundredyears,erasingwasitsownincrediblycomplexeffort.YouneededtomasteraCometeraser,orWite-Out,orstrangecorrectiontapes,andpossiblyalloftheabove…orgiveupandstartfromscratchwheneveryoumadeasmallmistakeintyping.(我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了退格鍵的擦除，但一百年來(lái)，擦除本身就是一項(xiàng)極其復(fù)雜的工作。你需要掌握彗星橡皮擦、Wite-Out或奇怪的校正帶，可能還有以上所有的東西……或者只要你在打字中犯了一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤，就放棄并從頭開(kāi)始)”可知，一百年前擦除本身就是一項(xiàng)極其復(fù)雜的工作，而現(xiàn)在人們習(xí)慣了退格鍵的擦除（暗指擦除變得簡(jiǎn)單了），Wichary想通過(guò)這種變化告訴我們退格鍵是長(zhǎng)期改進(jìn)的結(jié)果。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中“Amazedthatnocomprehensivebooksexistedonthehistoryofkeyboards,hedecidedtocreatehisown.(令他驚訝的是，沒(méi)有一本關(guān)于鍵盤(pán)歷史的全面書(shū)籍，他決定自己創(chuàng)作)”可知，Wichary自己寫(xiě)書(shū)是為了填補(bǔ)沒(méi)有一本關(guān)于鍵盤(pán)歷史的全面書(shū)籍的空白。故選A項(xiàng)。CLastfall,theGreatSaltLakehititslowestlevelsincerecordkeepingbegan.Thelakesanktonearlysixmetersbelowthelong-termaverage.Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.Duckhuntersaren’ttheonlyonesworriedabouttheGreatSaltLake.Thedecades-longdeclineinlakelevelisraisingalarmbellsformillionsofpeoplewholiveintheregion.Thelowlakelevelandincreasingsaltsinthelakewaterthreatentodestroyeconomicmainstayslikeagriculture,tourismandmining.Exposedsaltscanalsoreduceairqualityandsothreatenpublichealth.Salinelakes(咸水湖)areterminallakes.Theyhavenoriversflowingoutofthem.Aswaterdisappears,saltsareleftbehind.Atthesametime,thepeoplewholiveinthesedesertsusefreshwaterforcrops,homesandindustry.Residentsgetwaterfromstreamsandriversintocanals,pipelinesorreservoirsbeforeitreachesthelakes.Andasthelakesshrink,thesaltinwaterincreases.LakePoopo,ahighlandlakeinBoliviathatusedtostretch90kilometerslongand32kilometerswide,isnowasaltymudflat.TheAralSeasharedbyKazakhstanandUzbekistan,oncetheworld’sfourthlargestlake,hasattimesinrecentdecadesshrunktoatenthofitshistoric68,000-square-kilometersurfacearea.Somesalinelakes,likeNevada’sWinnemuccaLake,driedupsolongago—thewatersthatfeditwereledtoagriculturalfields—thatmostpeoplehaveforgottentheywereeverwet.ThegoodnewsisthatpeoplestillhavetimetohalttheGreatSaltLake’sdeclinebyusinglesswater.Cuttingagriculturalandotheroutdoorwaterusebyathirdtohalfthroughacombinationofvoluntaryconservationmeasuresandpolicychangeswouldallowthelaketorefillenoughtosupporttheregion’seconomy,ecologyandqualityoflife.Ifthissucceeds,theGreatSaltLakecanbeamodelforhowtosaveothersalinelakesaroundtheworld.8.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreatSaltLakefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itishometoducks. B.Itwilldisappearsoon.C.Itwillbelessimportant. D.It’sbeenshrinkingforyears.9.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutsalinelakes?A.Theircurrentstates. B.Thechallengestheyface.C.Measurestorestorethem. D.Reasonswhytheybecomesaltier.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halt”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Stop. B.Boost. C.Adapt. D.Learn.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.TheGreatSaltLakeIsGettingSmallerB.TheWorldIsBecomingDrierandDrierC.SalineLakesNeedFreshwaterDeadlyD.ManyLakesintheWorldwillDisappear【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了大鹽湖水位下降，湖泊萎縮，文章分析了其原因，帶來(lái)的危害以及可以采取的措施。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.(湖泊的萎縮使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有顛覆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，擾亂包括鴨子和鵝在內(nèi)的1000萬(wàn)只鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的遷徙和生存。)”和第二段中“Duckhuntersaren’ttheonlyonesworriedabouttheGreatSaltLake.(獵鴨人不是唯一擔(dān)心大鹽湖的人。)”可知，大鹽湖是鴨子的棲息地，故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Salinelakes(咸水湖)areterminallakes.Theyhavenoriversflowingoutofthem.Aswaterdisappears,saltsareleftbehind.Atthesametime,thepeoplewholiveinthesedesertsusefreshwaterforcrops,homesandindustry.Residentsgetwaterfromstreamsandriversintocanals,pipelinesorreservoirsbeforeitreachesthelakes.Andasthelakesshrink,thesaltinwaterincreases.(咸水湖是末端湖泊。它們沒(méi)有河流流出。水消失后，留下了鹽分。與此同時(shí)，生活在這些沙漠中的人們利用淡水種植莊稼、建造房屋和進(jìn)行工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駨南骱秃恿髦腥∷?，在水到達(dá)湖泊之前，就輸送到運(yùn)河、管道或水庫(kù)中。隨著湖泊的縮小，水中的鹽分也隨之增加。)”可知，第三段主要介紹了咸水湖有更多鹽分的原因，故選D。【10題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。跟計(jì)劃劃線單詞下文“Cuttingagriculturalandotheroutdoorwaterusebyathirdtohalfthroughacombinationofvoluntaryconservationmeasuresandpolicychangeswouldallowthelaketorefillenoughtosupporttheregion’seconomy,ecologyandqualityoflife.Ifthissucceeds,theGreatSaltLakecanbeamodelforhowtosaveothersalinelakesaroundtheworld.(通過(guò)自愿保護(hù)措施和政策變化相結(jié)合，將農(nóng)業(yè)和其他戶(hù)外用水減少三分之一到一半，將使該湖能夠重新充滿(mǎn)水，足以支持該地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)和生活質(zhì)量。如果成功，大鹽湖可以成為如何拯救世界其他鹽湖的典范。)”可知，人們可以通過(guò)一些措施來(lái)拯救大鹽湖，即阻止大鹽湖的衰退，由此可推知，劃線單詞意為“阻止”，故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Lastfall,theGreatSaltLakehititslowestlevelsincerecordkeepingbegan.Thelakesanktonearlysixmetersbelowthelong-termaverage.Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.(去年秋天，大鹽湖達(dá)到了有記錄以來(lái)的最低水平。該湖水位下降到比長(zhǎng)期平均水位低近6米。湖泊的萎縮使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有顛覆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，擾亂包括鴨子和鵝在內(nèi)的1000萬(wàn)只鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的遷徙和生存。)”可知，文章主要介紹了大鹽湖湖水位下降，湖泊萎縮，文章分析了其原因，帶來(lái)的危害以及可以采取的措施，由此可知，A項(xiàng)“大鹽湖在變小”適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選A。

DEveryyear,paintedladybutterflies(小紅蛺蝶)borninEuropeheadsouthonalongjourneytoAfrica.Butpinpointingexactlywherepaintedladybutterfliesoverwinterandbreed(繁殖)wasthelastunknownpieceoftheirroughly15,000-kilometermigration.ScientistsknewthatthepaintedladieswenttoAfrica,butwhereonthecontinenttheywaitedoutEuropeanwintersfromDecembertoFebruarywasamystery.Researchershadpredictedthatsubtropicalregionsclosetotheequatormightprovidesuitablehabitat.Toknowforsure,theresearchersneededtofindbutterfliesinthefield.Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Another15sitesweremonitoredallyearroundforabouttwoyears.Intotal,theteamlookedforadultsandtheiryounginninecountries,includingBenin,Cameroon,andKenya.Theresearchersfoundmorethan2,700caterpillars(毛蟲(chóng))andnearly2,000adultbutterflies,fromasfarwestasCoted’IvoireandallthewayeasttoKenyaandEthiopia.FromSeptembertoNovember,thebutterfliesoccupythetropicalgrasslands.Asthoseareasdryup,thepaintedladiesshiftsouthtoslightlydampregionsfromDecembertoFebruary.CentralAfrica’stropicalrainforestsstopthebutterfliesfromgoinganyfarthersouth.Threetofivegenerationsmightbeborninsub-SaharanAfricabeforeanysurvivingadultsheadnorthinFebruary.Knowingwherepaintedladybutterfliesbreedcouldhelpresearchersunderstandwhythereareoccasionalpopulationboomswith100timesasmanybutterfliesinsomeyearsasothers.In2021,researcherslinkedthephenomenontorainsinsub-SaharanAfrica—perhapsgivingbutterfliesmoreplantstostopandlayeggson.ButthepartofWestAfricaidentifiedinthatstudyisdifferentfromthenewlyidentifiedbreedinggrounds.Now,scientistscanconfirmthelinkbylookingatrainfallandotherconditionswherebabybutterfliesarefoundgrowingup.Butthenextmysteryresearchershopetosolveiswhypaintedladybutterfliesmakesuchalongjourneyatall12.Howdotheresearchersconfirmthepaintedladies’winteringlocation?A.Bycomparingtheirhabitats.B.Byspottingtheminthefield.C.Bydoingexperimentswiththem.D.Bytrackingthemontheirmigration.13.WheredopaintedladybutterfliesstayduringDecemberandJanuary?A.IntheEurope. B.SouthofAfrica. C.SouthtoSahara. D.Intherainforest.14.Whatmightcausethepopulationexplosionsofthepaintedladybutterflies?A.Rains. B.Foods. C.Droughts. D.Temperatures.15.Whydoscientistsresearchintopaintedladybutterflies?A.Toprotectthem. B.Tomakeuseofthem.C.Toknowabouttheirhabits. D.Toknowhowtheyrelatetoclimate.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)小紅蛺蝶習(xí)性的研究?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ScientistsknewthatthepaintedladieswenttoAfrica,butwhereonthecontinenttheywaitedoutEuropeanwintersfromDecembertoFebruarywasamystery.(科學(xué)家們知道這些小紅蛺蝶去了非洲，但他們?cè)诜侵薮箨懙哪膫€(gè)地方等待歐洲冬天從12月到2月的結(jié)束，這是一個(gè)謎。)”和第二段中“Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.(從2017年底到2020年初，研究人員在12月和1月期間在撒哈拉以南非洲的各種地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查。)”可知，研究人員通過(guò)追蹤小紅蛺蝶的遷徙來(lái)確定它們的越冬地點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Another15sitesweremonitoredallyearroundforabouttwoyears.Intotal,theteamlookedforadultsandtheiryounginninecountries,includingBenin,Cameroon,andKenya.(從2017年底到2020年初，研究人員在12月和1月期間在撒哈拉以南非洲的各種地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查。另外15個(gè)地點(diǎn)全年監(jiān)測(cè)了大約兩年。研究小組總共在貝寧、喀麥隆和肯尼亞等9個(gè)國(guó)家尋找成年蝴蝶和他們的幼蟲(chóng)。)”可知，在十二月和一月，小紅蛺蝶呆在撒哈拉以南。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Knowingwherepaintedladybutterfliesbreedcouldhelpresearchersunderstandwhythereareoccasionalpopulationboomswith100timesasmanybutterfliesinsomeyearsasothers.In2021,researcherslinkedthephenomenontorainsinsub-SaharanAfrica—perhapsgivingbutterfliesmoreplantstostopandlayeggson.(了解小紅蛺蝶在哪里繁殖可以幫助研究人員理解為什么在某些年份偶爾會(huì)有100倍于其他年份的蝴蝶數(shù)量激增。2021年，研究人員將這種現(xiàn)象與撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的降雨聯(lián)系起來(lái)——也許這讓蝴蝶有更多的植物停下來(lái)產(chǎn)卵。)”可知，降雨可能導(dǎo)致小紅蛺蝶數(shù)量激增。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Everyyear,paintedladybutterflies(小紅蛺蝶)borninEuropeheadsouthonalongjourneytoAfrica.(每年，出生在歐洲的小紅蛺蝶都會(huì)南下，踏上前往非洲的漫長(zhǎng)旅程。)”和最后一段中“Butthenextmysteryresearchershopetosolveiswhypaintedladybutterfliesmakesuchalongjourneyatall.(但研究人員希望解決的下一個(gè)謎團(tuán)是，為什么小紅蛺蝶會(huì)進(jìn)行如此漫長(zhǎng)的旅行。)”可知，科學(xué)家要研究小紅蛺蝶是為了了解它們的習(xí)慣。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。There’snoneedtobeashamedaboutdozingoffinclass.Itisactuallyanaturalphenomenon.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplecanonlystaycompletelyfocusedonsomethingforamaximumof10minutes.____16____Dozingoffduringanimportantactivityoreventonaregularbasiscandevelopintoahabitthatyoumightcarryintootherareasofyourlife.Scientistshavefoundthatavoidingovereatingbeforeclassisoneofthemosteffectivewaystobeatclasssleepiness.Mostpeoplehaveexperienced“foodcoma(昏迷)”aftereatingalargemeal.Eatingtoomuchresultsinafeelingofheavinessthatusesupyourenergy.Thishappensbecausethebodyreleaseschemicalsthatsignaldrowsinessaftereating.____17____Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)releasemoreserotonin(血清素)fromthebrain,whichmakesyoufeelgood.____18____Basically,notallfoodshavethesameimpactonyourbody.Whilesomefoodscanincreaseyourenergy,otherscanmakeyousleepy.Also,taskingyourbodywithdigestingalargemealisexhausting.Eatinglargeportions—especiallyofunhealthyfoods—willleaveyourbodywithlittleenergytouseelsewhere.____19____Thisgivesyourbodytheopportunitytodigestsmalleramountsoffoodatatime,leavingyoufeelingenergizedinsteadoftiredafteryourmeals.Also,avoidheavyfoodsandchoosehealthy,balancedmealsinstead.____20____Anexampleofawell-roundedbreakfasttohavebeforeclasswouldbeaglassofmilk,aneggandasaladcontainingatleastthreevegetables.A.Finally,ithelpsdeliveroxygentoyourvitalorgans.B.However,toomuchserotonincanleadtodrowsiness.C.Unfortunately,mostclasseslastlongerthan10minutes.D.Fallingasleepinclasscancausepooracademicperformance.E.Ahealthymealshouldincludefruit,vegetablesandhealthyfats.F.Thisisparticularlytrueifyoueatamealthatishighincarbohydrates.G.Itisrecommendedthatyoukeepastablelevelofenergybyeatingsmallermeals.【答案】16.C17.D18.F19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章分析了課上打瞌睡的原因并給出了解決這一問(wèn)題的建議?！?6題詳解】空格前的句子“Studieshaveshownthatpeoplecanonlystaycompletelyfocusedonsomethingforamaximumof10minutes.（研究表明，人們完全專(zhuān)注于某件事的時(shí)間最多只能是10分鐘）”是說(shuō)人們完全專(zhuān)注于某件事的時(shí)間最多只能是10分鐘。而C項(xiàng)“Unfortunately,mostclasseslastlongerthan10minutes.（不幸的是，大多數(shù)課程持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)10分鐘）”提到“大多數(shù)課程持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)10分鐘”。所以，C項(xiàng)和上文是順接關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】空格前的句子“Eatingtoomuchresultsinafeelingofheavinessthatusesupyourenergy.Thishappensbecausethebodyreleaseschemicalsthatsignaldrowsinessaftereating.（吃得太多會(huì)讓你感到沉重，耗盡你的能量。這是因?yàn)檫M(jìn)食后身體會(huì)釋放出一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，發(fā)出困倦的信號(hào)）”提到吃得太多會(huì)耗盡你的能量，讓你困倦，這當(dāng)然會(huì)影響你的學(xué)習(xí)，所以D項(xiàng)“Fallingasleepinclasscancausepooracademicperformance.（上課睡覺(jué)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不佳）”和上文是因果關(guān)系，所以D項(xiàng)填入空格處符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】空格前的句子“Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)releasemoreserotonin(血清素)fromthebrain,whichmakesyoufeelgood.（碳水化合物從大腦中釋放更多的血清素，這讓你感覺(jué)良好）”提到碳水化合物的作用，它從大腦中釋放更多的血清素讓你感覺(jué)良好；F項(xiàng)“Thisisparticularlytrueifyoueatamealthatishighincarbohydrates.（如果你吃了一頓碳水化合物含量高的飯，情況尤其如此）”中的“情況尤其如此”指的是上一句中的“讓你感覺(jué)良好”，所以F項(xiàng)和上一句是順接關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】由空格后的句子“Thisgivesyourbodytheopportunitytodigestsmalleramountsoffoodatatime,leavingyoufeelingenergizedinsteadoftiredafteryourmeals.（這讓你的身體有機(jī)會(huì)一次消化少量的食物，讓你在飯后感到精力充沛而不是疲憊）”可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該提到“少量食物”，所以G項(xiàng)“Itisrecommendedthatyoukeepastablelevelofenergybyeatingsmallermeals.（建議你通過(guò)少吃多餐來(lái)保持穩(wěn)定的能量水平）”填入空格處，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】空格前的句子“Also,avoidheavyfoodsandchoosehealthy,balancedmealsinstead.（同時(shí)，避免吃油膩的食物，選擇健康、均衡的膳食）”提到“健康、均衡的膳食”，所以空格處的句子應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明什么樣的飲食是健康、均衡飲食。所以E項(xiàng)“Ahealthymealshouldincludefruit,vegetablesandhealthyfats.（健康的一餐應(yīng)該包括水果、蔬菜和健康的脂肪）”填入空格處，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Jacqueline’sdreamofbeingaworld-classrunnerbeganwhenshewasachildinKenya.Shesoonrealizedshehadto____21____full-timetoimproveherperformance,whichmeantnotbeingabletoworktohelpsupportherfamily.Butshewas____22____thatthetrainingwouldmakeherperfectandshecouldbringhomeprizemoney.JacquelinetraveledtoChinato____23____intheZheng-kaimarathonknowingshehadagoodshotat____24____therace,butmoreimportantly,the$10,000prizethatwentwithit.Shewasleadingthewomen’s____25____whenamalerunner____26____thewaterstationatthe20-kilometermark.Themanwasrunningatagoodpacebuthadtrouble____27____waterbecauseabirthdefect(缺陷)hadlefthimwithouthands.He____28____todrinkfromtheslipperyplasticbottles.Butanyassistancefromfansorraceofficialswouldresultinhis____29____.Jacquelinenoticedthemanand_____30_____knewthatheneededhelp.She_____31_____awaterbottleandhelpedhimgetthefluidhisbodyneededto_____32_____therace.Thensheranathis_____33_____withthebottleandhelpedhimsip(小口喝)whiletheystrodealong.Jacquelinemissedoutonfirstplace,butshe_____34_____withsomethingmoreimportant:herhumanity.Whenaskedaboutthebigger_____35_____,shesaidthatmoneyisn’teverything.21.A.perform B.race C.conduct D.train22.A.worried B.confident C.proud D.energetic23.A.compete B.struggle C.serve D.adjust24.A.taking B.losing C.winning D.completing25.A.division B.movement C.research D.education26.A.jumpedinto B.leftfor C.escapedfrom D.arrivedat27.A.finding B.drinking C.carrying D.pouring28.A.planned B.hated C.struggled D.allowed29.A.imbalance B.unemployment C.disability D.disqualification30.A.eventually B.gradually C.immediately D.occasionally31.A.spotted B.grabbed C.emptied D.packed32.A.complete B.win C.enjoy D.start33.A.pace B.position C.command D.best34.A.connected B.helped C.finished D.met35.A.event B.prize C.dream D.failure【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.B32.A33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬拉松選手Jacqueline在中國(guó)參加Zheng-kai馬拉松比賽時(shí)因幫助一位殘疾男選手取水耽誤了比賽只得到了第二名的成績(jī)，但是她并不覺(jué)得遺憾，因?yàn)樗男袆?dòng)體現(xiàn)了人性的光輝的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她很快意識(shí)到，為了提高自己的表現(xiàn)，她必須接受全職訓(xùn)練，這意味著她無(wú)法工作來(lái)養(yǎng)家糊口。A.perform表現(xiàn)；B.race比賽；C.conduct行為；D.train訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)該句中的“toimproveherperformance”提高自己的表現(xiàn)，以及下文“thetraining”意味著她無(wú)法工作來(lái)養(yǎng)家糊口?？赏浦颂帪镴acqueline意識(shí)到為了提高自己的表現(xiàn)，她必須接受全職訓(xùn)練。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她有信心，訓(xùn)練會(huì)讓她變得完美，她可以把獎(jiǎng)金帶回家。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.confident自信的；C.proud自豪的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根據(jù)下文“thatthetrainingwouldmakeherperfectandshecouldbringhomeprizemoney.”訓(xùn)練會(huì)讓她變得完美，她可以把獎(jiǎng)金帶回家?？芍?，此處應(yīng)表示Jacqueline是很有信心的。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Jacqueline來(lái)到中國(guó)參加Zheng-kai馬拉松比賽，她知道自己很有可能贏得比賽，但更重要的是，她知道自己有機(jī)會(huì)獲得1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)金。A.compete參加比賽；B.struggle斗爭(zhēng)；C.serve服務(wù)；D.adjust調(diào)整。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“intheZheng-kaimarathon”可知，此處為Jacqueline來(lái)到中國(guó)參加Zheng-kai馬拉松比賽。competein“參加比賽”。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Jacqueline來(lái)到中國(guó)參加Zheng-kai馬拉松比賽，她知道自己很有可能贏得比賽，但更重要的是，她知道自己有機(jī)會(huì)獲得1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)金。A.taking帶走；B.losing失去；C.winning贏得；D.completing完成。根據(jù)下文“butmoreimportantly,the$10,000prizethatwentwithit.”有機(jī)會(huì)獲得1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)金，可知，此處應(yīng)表示Jacqueline知道自己很有可能贏得比賽。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一名男子選手到達(dá)20公里處的飲水站時(shí)，她正在領(lǐng)跑女子組。A.division組；B.movement移動(dòng)；C.research研究；D.education教育。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“Shewasleadingthewomen’s”可知，此處應(yīng)表示Jacqueline正在領(lǐng)跑女子組。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)一名男子選手到達(dá)20公里處的飲水站時(shí)，她正在領(lǐng)跑女子組。A.jumpedinto跳入；B.leftfor前往某個(gè)地方；C.escapedfrom從……逃脫；D.arrivedat到達(dá)。根據(jù)該句中的“thewaterstationatthe20-kilometermark.”以及下文“buthadtrouble____7____water”男子喝水有困難，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示這名男子選手到達(dá)20公里處的飲水站。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)人跑得很快，但是喝水有困難，因?yàn)橄忍烊毕菔顾麤](méi)有手。A.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.drinking喝；C.carrying攜帶；D.pouring倒。根據(jù)下文“andhelpedhimsip(小口喝)”以及該句中的“becauseabirthdefect(缺陷)hadlefthimwithouthands.”可推知，這名男子喝水有困難。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他努力著從光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。A.planned計(jì)劃；B.hated討厭；C.struggled努力；D.allowed允許。根據(jù)上文提到的男子因?yàn)橄忍烊毕輿](méi)有手，以及該句中的“fromtheslipperyplasticbottles.”可推知，此處應(yīng)表示男子努力著從光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但粉絲或賽事官員的任何幫助都將導(dǎo)致他被取消資格。A.imbalance失衡；B.unempl