選擇性必修① UNIT 5 課下主題訓(xùn)練 人與環(huán)境、人與動植物

PAGE第6頁共6頁選擇性必修①UNIT5課下主題訓(xùn)練人與環(huán)境、人與動植物Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thinkplantsarejustbringgreenthingsthatyouuseforfoodanddecoration？Thinkagain!Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou'reprobablytotallyunawareof.Researchershavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytocommunicatewithanundergroundnetworkmadeupoffungi(真菌),whichservetheplantsinmanyways.Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(養(yǎng)分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungi.ItsoundsliketheplantworldhadtheInternetbeforewedid.Someplantshavearatherimpressivelineofdefenseagainstbeingeaten.Whensensingtheyarebeingswallowed,theygiveoffachemicalintotheairthatattractstheinsect'snaturalenemy.Theenemyattacksthebug,thussavingtheplants.Thisisbasicallytheplantkingdomversionofgettingyour_older_brothertobeatupthatkidwhostealsyourlunchmoney.Youmightbeawarethathumansandanimalshaveaninternalclock.Butdidyouknowthatplantsalsohavethisclock?Thismeanstheycanprepareforcertaintimesofdayjustlikewedo.Isitbecausetheycanreacttolightatsunrise?Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant'sowninternalclock.So,inasense,wakeupwithpetunias(矮牽牛)isjustasvalidaswakingupwiththechickens.Natureisfullofsurprises.Soforthoseofyouwhodidn'tknowthewondersofplants,nowyoudo.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。植物只能用來做成食物和裝飾嗎？其實(shí)，植物有很多人類未發(fā)現(xiàn)的本領(lǐng)：它們擁有一個(gè)以真菌為媒介的地下“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，以此來互通消息，抵御昆蟲襲擊，它們還擁有自己的生物鐘。1．Howmanywaysdoesthenetworkoffungiservetheplants?A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段及第三段中的介紹可知，真菌“網(wǎng)”可以幫助番茄植株發(fā)出自身處于不健康狀況的警告信息、幫助樹木互相傳送營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)以及通過真菌傳播有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，從而破壞不受歡迎的植物，因此真菌“網(wǎng)”對植物共有三種作用。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“yourolderbrother”inParagraph4referto?A．Thechemicalgivenoffbyplants.B．Theinsect'snaturalenemy.C．Thebugattackedbytheenemy.D．Theplanttobeeatenbytheinsect.解析：選B詞義猜測題。第四段介紹植物防止自己被吃掉的方法：當(dāng)植物感覺到要被吃掉時(shí)，它們會釋放一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)到空氣中，以此吸引昆蟲的天敵來攻擊昆蟲，從而間接救了植物。這種現(xiàn)象就好像植物界版本的“大哥代替你教訓(xùn)偷你午餐費(fèi)的小孩”一樣。這句話中把植物比喻成“你”，把昆蟲比喻成“偷午餐費(fèi)的小孩”，因此，yourolderbrother在這里應(yīng)指“昆蟲的天敵”。3．Whatcanhelptheplantkeeptime?A．Thesugarsproducedbyitself.B．Itsowngenes.C．Thetimeofsunrise.D．Itsresponsetolight.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant'sowninternalclock.”可知，植物可以利用自身產(chǎn)生的糖分來區(qū)分時(shí)間，這些糖分有助于調(diào)節(jié)作用于植物自身生物鐘的基因。4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveofdifferentplants.B．Tosharehisstudyonsomeawesomeplants.C．Tointroducetheunknownabilitiesofplants.D．Tomakepeopleawareofplantprotection.解析：選C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou'reprobablytotallyunawareof.”可知，文章開頭指出植物有很多人類沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的本領(lǐng)，下文逐步展開，對此進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。因此，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹植物不為人知的能力。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五HowtoGrowOrganicPotatoesinContainersAhomegrownpotatothathasjustbeendugoutofthesoilisanamazingtreat.Liketomatoes,thetasteoffreshpotatoesisdifferentfromthatofthoseboughtinthestore.Bygrowingyourown,youalsohavetheopportunitytoplantunusualvarieties.__1__.Preparepotatoesforgrowing.Cutthepotatoesbeforeplanting.Ifyourpotatoesaresmall,youcansimplyplantthem.Whenyoucutyourpotatoes,makesureyouhaveatleasttwoeyesoneachpiece.__2__.Mostofushavenoideahowheavy50gramsisandthere'snoneedtoweighit,justuseyourbestguess.Wateryournewlyplantedpotatoeswell.Checkthecontaineratleastonceaday.__3__.Ifitfeelsdry,it'stimetowater.Ifit'sveryhotorwindy,youmayhavetowateryourpotatocontainergardensmorethanonceaday.Makesuretowaterdeeplybywaitinguntilwaterrunsoutthebottom.Hillyourpotatoesastheygrow.__4__，youneedtohillthemincasetheywillbreak.Thisisdonebyaddingacoupleofinchesofsoilaroundyourpotatoplants.Becarefulnottobreaktheplantsintheprocess.Repeatthehillingprocessafewmoretimesasyourplantsgrow.Youcanalsostoponcethesoilreachesthetopofyourcontainer.__5__.Aftertheplantshaveflowered,youcandigoutyourpotatoestoeat.Youcanpulloutafewpotatoesatatime.Youcanalsowaituntiltheplantsturnyellowandthenharvestallofthepotatoesatonce.A．IfyourpotatoplantsaretooshortB．HarvestyourhomegrownpotatoesC．WateryourpotatoeswheneverthesoilisdryD．StickyourfingeratleastaninchintothesoilE．BelowaresometipsforgrowingyourownpotatoesF．OnceyourpotatoplantshavegrownaboutsixinchesG．It'salsorecommendedthateachweighsatleast50grams語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在家種馬鈴薯的方法，包括選種、澆水、培土和收獲。1．選E根據(jù)該空所在的位置可知，該空為承上啟下的句子；由空處下文可知，下文介紹的是在家里種植馬鈴薯的方法，故選E。2．選G根據(jù)空后一句可知，我們大部分人都不知道50克有多重，也不需要去稱重。據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是關(guān)于每塊馬鈴薯的重量，故選G。G項(xiàng)中的“50grams”也是提示。3．選D根據(jù)空后一句“Ifitfeelsdry,it'stimetowater.”可知，如果它摸起來干，就該是澆水的時(shí)候了。據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹感知土壤干渴的方法，故選D。4．選F根據(jù)該句中的“youneedtohillthemincasetheywillbreak”可知，培土是為了防止其斷掉。據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹培土的時(shí)機(jī)，故選F，銜接下文。5．選B根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的主題句；結(jié)合空處下文內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了收獲馬鈴薯的時(shí)間，故選B。Ⅲ.完形填空Iceandsnowwerebeatingthewindowandthewindalmostswepteverythingawayoutside.I__1__howIwouldgethome.The12-mileroutetookmeupanddownsteephillsandaround__2__turns.Iwhisperedaprayerfor__3__.MyoldgreenBlazerSUVwasdoingwonderfullyoverthe__4__roadway.__5__asIclimbedoneofthesteepestandscariesthills,Inoticedthetireswereslipping,andIdecideditwastimeto__6__tofour-wheeldrive.Slowlythetires__7__theroad,andthetopcame__8__sight.Unfortunately,Ihadjustmadeitwhenthe__9__stopped.Ipushedandpulledthelever(操縱桿)—nothinghappened.Iwas__10__withsnowandiceballsaround.EventhoughIhadmetnooneonthislonelyroad,Ihopedsomeonemightcometo__11__.Afterafewminutes,I__12__anoldpickuptruck.AsmilingyoungmanI'dneverseenbeforerolleddownhiswindow,askingifIneededhelp.IensuredhimIdid.Thenheshowedmehowtooperatethefour-wheel-driveshiftinggear(齒輪),lockingitinto__13__.__14__，IgottheBlazerstarting.WhenIthankedthestrangerandaskedifhelivedaroundthearea,hejustsaid,“Oh,overthere.”DoIbelieveinangels?You__15__！語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在風(fēng)雪交加的一天開車回家，12英里的路線讓作者在陡峭的山上上下顛簸，車輛在冰雪覆蓋的路面上出現(xiàn)了問題，一個(gè)好心人幫助了作者，使得作者認(rèn)為好心人就像天使一樣。1．A.wondered B．realizedC．a(chǎn)ssumed D．stated解析：選A根據(jù)前文可知，戶外環(huán)境很惡劣，作者認(rèn)為“回家”成了一個(gè)問題，不知道(wonder)該怎么辦。故選A。2．A.smooth B．sharpC．simple D．slight解析：選B根據(jù)前文“steephills”可知山坡很陡峭，因此會有急轉(zhuǎn)彎(sharpturns)。故選B。3．A.liberty B．priorityC．safety D．recovery解析：選C根據(jù)前文可知，天氣狀況惡劣，路況惡劣，因此可知作者希望能夠“安全”(safety)到家。故選C。4．A.ice-covered B．flood-ruinedC．badly-built D．well-equipped解析：選A我那輛舊的綠色開拓者越野車在冰雪覆蓋的路面上行駛得很好。ice-covered“冰封的”，故選A。5．A.But B．OrC．So D．And解析：選A句意：“但當(dāng)我爬上其中一座最陡峭、最可怕的山時(shí)，我注意到輪胎在打滑……”。上下句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。6．A.attend B．a(chǎn)ppealC．switch D．lead解析：選C根據(jù)前文可知，輪胎開始打滑，作為司機(jī)，作者應(yīng)是采取措施避免打滑，開啟四輪驅(qū)動。switchto“切換到；轉(zhuǎn)到；轉(zhuǎn)變成”，故選C。7．A.lostcontrolof B．tookchargeofC．gotalongwith D．heldonto解析：選D輪胎慢慢地貼在路面上。lostcontrolof“失控”；takechargeof“負(fù)責(zé)”；getalongwith“與……相處，進(jìn)展”；holdonto“堅(jiān)持，緊握”。故