高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語法專題突破專題六非謂語動(dòng)詞

語法專題突破專題六非謂語動(dòng)詞英語2022內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破高考感悟Ⅰ.單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4

(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

2.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearth

(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

3.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasy

(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

tofindcoming

decorated

tocare5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout

(find)thewell-knownpainter.

6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

7.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive

(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

8.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby

(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.

tofindsurrounding

toperformnoting

9.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanoftheYear”for

(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.

10.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansto

(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

being

retireⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.

2.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.

3.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.

frying→friedpreparing→prepareforced后加to4.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.

5.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.

say→saying在cafe后加to考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本形式類別基本形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式不定式todo;tobedonetobedoingtohavedone;tohavebeendone動(dòng)詞-ing形式doing;beingdone—havingdone;havingbeendone過去分詞done考點(diǎn)二

非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法

作主語作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補(bǔ)語表具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作1.動(dòng)詞的賓語2.少數(shù)介詞,如but,except后可跟不定式3.不少形容詞后可接不定式1.表將來的動(dòng)作2.修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no/all/any/only等限定的詞3.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞1.表示目的2.表示結(jié)果:onlytodo;enoughtodo;so/such...astodo;too...todo3.表示原因或條件表示將來動(dòng)作

作主語作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或抽象性的動(dòng)作,或表示主語的特征:①itisnouse/nogood/fun/nicedoing...②thereisnodoing...1.動(dòng)詞的賓語(有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式)2.介詞的賓語3.形容詞后跟賓語表示正在進(jìn)行的和主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作(havingdone/havingbeendone不作定語)表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等;一般式表示與主句同時(shí)進(jìn)行;完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前表示正在進(jìn)行

作主語作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補(bǔ)語過去分詞

說明主語的狀態(tài),或表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作

表示已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)(不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示已經(jīng)完成)與主句主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系考點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto情況常用動(dòng)詞兩者都可以意義基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)詞-ing形式多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)need,want,require,deserve(接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)意義不同stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)goontodo(接著做另外一件事)goondoing(接著做同一件事)trytodo(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力做)trydoing(試著去做)meantodo(打算做,企圖做)meandoing(意思是,意味著)考點(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語形式類別例句不定式目的、原因、條件、結(jié)果Myparentswillbedelightedtoseeyou.(條件)Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.(目的)We’reproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.(原因)動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況Beingateacher,youshouldhelpyourstudentsineveryway.(原因)Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.(結(jié)果)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(條件)Workingsohard,hefailedagain.(讓步)Theyeatusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.(方式)Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.(伴隨)形式類別例句過去分詞時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.(原因)Whenaskedherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.(時(shí)間)Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.(條件)Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.(讓步)Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.(方式)Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.(結(jié)果)注意以下是獨(dú)立成分作狀語,其形式不受前后文的影響。如:considering...(鑒于/考慮到……);generally

speaking(一般來說);judging

by/from...(從……來看,依據(jù)……來判斷);supposing

that...(假如……);providing

that...(假如……);owing

to...(由于……);speaking

of...(談及……);given...(考慮到……);provided

that...(如果……);to

tell

the

truth(實(shí)話實(shí)說);to

be

honest(老實(shí)說)等?？键c(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語形式常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon(接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成Wedependonyoutohelpusoutoftrouble.Imadehimdohiswork.→Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyoffthetree.→Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyoffthetree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)和let,make,have等使役動(dòng)詞后面,不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省略to。這樣的動(dòng)詞可歸納為:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三讓:let,make,have;二聽:hear,listento;一感覺:feel。注意:當(dāng)以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中時(shí),to要還原形式常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句動(dòng)詞-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成IfoundherlisteningtotheradiowhenIpassedby.過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(表被動(dòng))。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.注意find,leave(使……處于某種狀態(tài)),keep(使……保持某種狀態(tài))后一般跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語,而不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。What

you

said

left

me

thinking.你所說的令我思考。考點(diǎn)六非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1.不定式作定語不定式作定語可表示該動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;被修飾的詞為ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名詞時(shí),一般用不定式作定語;不定式常用于不定代詞或被thefirst/next/only/last等修飾的名詞后作定語;如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Theairportto

be

completednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年要竣工的飛機(jī)場將有助于促進(jìn)這個(gè)地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Hehasachanceandhasbecomethefirstto

goabroadinourtown.他擁有一個(gè)機(jī)會而且已經(jīng)成為我們鎮(zhèn)上第一個(gè)出國的人。Hewantedtofindahouseto

live

in.他想找個(gè)房子住。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;當(dāng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)用beingdone的形式;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)要用havingbeendone的形式,havingbeendone不作定語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,否則就用定語從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾詞的用途時(shí),與被修飾詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.與以前相比,現(xiàn)在天空中有更多的飛機(jī)來運(yùn)送更多的乘客。Thehousesbeing

builtareforthestudents.正在蓋的這些房子是給學(xué)生的。Asleepingpillwillhelpyoutofallasleepquickly.安眠藥會幫助你很快入睡。3.過去分詞作定語動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作已完成。及物過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)和完成,少數(shù)不及物過去分詞作定語只表示完成,不表被動(dòng)。Theretiredworkerissweepingthefallenleavesontheroad.這位退休工人正在掃路上的落葉?？键c(diǎn)七獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)名詞(代詞)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.(表原因)名詞(代詞)+過去分詞Helayonhisbackinbed,hishandscrossedunderhishead.(表伴隨)Enoughtimegiven,shewillsurelydothejobbetter.(表?xiàng)l件)名詞(代詞)+不定式Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.(表伴隨)Heproposedapicnic,hehimselftopayfortherailwayticketsandJohntoprovidethefood.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+形容詞短語Herfacepalewithanger,sherosetogoaway.(表原因)Isawadeeppond,thewaterbluelikethesky.(表結(jié)果)名詞(代詞)+介詞短語Then,lastnight,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin,swordinhand.(表方式)Childinarms,afewwomenstoodtherechatting.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+副詞短語Summerover,thestudentsreturnedtoschool.(表原因)名詞(代詞)+名詞短語Hisfirstshotafailure,Tomfiredagain.(表原因)考點(diǎn)八with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語+形容詞Thechildrenwerelisteningtotheteacherwiththeireyeswideopen.(表伴隨)with+賓語+介詞短語Theoldmanusedtotakeawalkwithastickinhishand.(表方式)with+賓語+副詞Theproudgirlwalkedawaywithherheadup.(表方式)with+賓語+動(dòng)詞-ing形式Maryfeltveryshywithsomanyeyeslookingather.(表原因)with+賓語+過去分詞Ifyousitlookingawayfromaperson,orwithyourbackturned,youaresayingyouarenotinterestedinthatperson.(表方式)with+賓語+不定式Withtoomuchworktodothenextday,hefeltanxiousanddidn’tsleepwell.(表原因)考點(diǎn)九不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義be+表示特征、性質(zhì)的形容詞+不定式不定式中動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)式,且是及物動(dòng)詞或是“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的形式常用形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong疑問詞+不定式

Idon’tknowwhattodo.be+不定式blame/seek/letHeistoblamefortheaccident.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.

(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise

(go)on.

3.Tomsoundsverymuch

(interest)inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.

4.Hehurriedtothestationonly

(find)thatthetrainhadleft.

5.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

(spend).

Dressed

going

interested

tofindspent

6.

(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.

7.

(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.

8.Tonylentmethemoney,

(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.

9.When

(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditinterestingandrewarding.

10.Doyouwakeupeverymorning

(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?

FindingHavingeatenhoping

asked

feelingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.

2.SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askedmetolethertocopymyanswers.

3.Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.

4.I’dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.

5.MyparentslovemeofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.

去掉live前的to去掉copy前的tofirst后加tocome前加tomake前加to

6.Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.

7.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

8.Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.

9.It’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.

10.Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.

visiting→visited

taking→takengo→going

have→having

giving→givenⅢ.語法填空

Parentsareexamplesofchildrenandchildrenaretheappleofparents.Inafamilythatattachesimportancetoeducation,parentsaretheirkids’guidingstars.Preventionisbetterthancure.Parentsmustlearn1.

(lead)byexample,butleadingbyexampledoesn’tcallforperfectionbyanymeans.Thereisnogood2.

(use)toomanywords.Thelessonsthatyouteachyourchildrenby3.

(do)thingstherightwayintheirpresencearefarmorelonglasting.