語法專題突破專題九定語從句練習(xí)含解析

專題九定語從句達(dá)標(biāo)檢測Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(2020·新高考卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__which/thatopenedin1759．解析：考查定語從句。句意：例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。2．(2020·天津卷改編)Dr.Rowan,__whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.解析：考查定語從句。句意：羅文博士的秘書兩周前辭職了，他現(xiàn)在只能自己打字。________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago是非限制性定語從句，修飾Dr.Rowan，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，表示“Dr.Rowan’s”，表示“……的”，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句。故填whose。3．(2020·江蘇卷改編)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from__whichstudentscanchooseforfree.解析：考查定語從句。句意：許多課程現(xiàn)在都可以在網(wǎng)上找到，學(xué)生們可以從中免費(fèi)選擇。此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是manylessons，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞from的賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。4．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist__whosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。5．(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__whohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.解析：考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人)，且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。6．(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth__that/whichgivesofflightinthedark.解析：考查定語從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。7．(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__whoaretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.解析：考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人。故填who。8．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.解析：考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處astudy是先行詞，定語從句關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語。故填that/which。9．(2019·江蘇卷改編)Wehaveenteredintoanage__whendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.解析：考查定語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。句中先行詞為anage(一個(gè)時(shí)代)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，所以關(guān)系詞用when。10．(2019·天津卷改編)Theirchildisatthestage__whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個(gè)單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是thestage，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。11．(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，__whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.解析：考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為thepetshop，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。12．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,__whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語，且指人，故用who。13．(浙江)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,__whereitremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.解析：考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在的句子是非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞thegarden，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。14．(全國Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,__whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.解析：先行詞是表示時(shí)間的themid-1980s，且從句中缺少狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞when。15．(全國Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,__wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，且在從句中作主語。故填who。Ⅱ．單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.__what改為which解析：考查非限制性定語從句。句意：謝謝你的來信，你的信真正讓我開心。分析句子，逗號(hào)后的從句為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞yourletter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故將what改為which。2．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.__what改為that解析：考查定語從句。句意：出于對媽媽好意的理解，我滿懷感激地吃著媽媽提供的所有食物。這里含有一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是allthefood，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，可用that或which，先行詞被all所修飾，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，所以what改為that。3．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish.__which前加in或改為where解析：考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個(gè)小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處asmallpond是先行詞，后面的定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用inwhich或where。4．(新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.__that→which解析：此處是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞dinner，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用which而不能用that。5．(重慶)There,Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.__who→whom解析：因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞指人，并且作of的賓語，只能用whom，不能用who。6．(2019·全國高考Ⅲ卷)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.__yourselves改為themselves解析：本句考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語，故把yourselves改為themselves。7．(全國卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthispicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.__they→which/that解析：things是先行詞，后面是定語從句，從句中缺少主語，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which。Ⅲ．語法填空Therewasatime1.__whenIwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.__whymyfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3.__whereImetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4.__whoseteacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5.__whichIgainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.__that/whichwedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.__whoencouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.__whichIputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Irecallthepassages，through9.__whichIcanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.__AsourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”文章大意：本文為記敘文，敘述了作者參加俱樂部的難忘經(jīng)歷。在那里作者遇到了一位好老師，那位老師使作者對英語學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣。作者還養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語的好習(xí)慣。解析：1．句意：有一段時(shí)間，我討厭學(xué)英語并且不喜歡說英語。Therewasatimewhen…“有一段時(shí)間……”。故填when。2．Thisis/wasthereasonwhy…“這就是……的原因”。故填why。3．先行詞是theclub，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。4．先行詞是myguide，代入定語從句后為：Myguide’steacherwasYuminhong.由此可見，先行詞與teacher之間是所屬關(guān)系。故填whose。5．先行詞為句子“Myguidecommunicatedwithmefacetoface”，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞from的賓語，且from提前。故填which。6．先行詞是activities，且定語從句中缺賓語。故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。7．先行詞為Myfatherandtheguide，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，且指“人”，所以用who引導(dǎo)。故填who。8．先行詞為English,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞into的賓語，且介詞into已被提前。故填which。9．句意：每天入睡前我總是回憶學(xué)的文章，通過這種方法，我能記住大量的英語生詞。先行詞為Irecallthepassages，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞through的賓語，且介詞已被提前。故填which。10．句意：正如我們英語老師所說的：“只要你們養(yǎng)成每天學(xué)英語的習(xí)慣并且堅(jiān)持不懈，你們遲早會(huì)征服英語。”非限制性定語從句置于句首，后面引號(hào)內(nèi)直接引語的內(nèi)容為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語。故填as引導(dǎo)。Ⅳ．短文改錯(cuò)Acavetherewereover200paintingswasdiscoveringinAustraliaeightyearsago.Topeople’ssurprises,thecavewasfoundbychanceonadaywheresomepeoplewerewalkinginthearea.Someofthepaintingswereatleast3,000yearsold.However,thesiteofthecavewassoverydifficulttoreachthatittakesalongtimebeforeresearcherscouldvisitit.Thereasonthattheexactlocationofthesiteiskeptsecretisthatthecaveneedstobeprotectedfrombeingvisitedbyvisitorswhichdon’trealizehoweasyitistodamagethepaintings.Thepaintingsinthatpeopleandanimalscanstillbeseentodayisextremevaluable.答案：Acaveeq\o(∧,