歷年考研英語真題集含答案(word版)

年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 PAGE2601986年考研英語真題答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)1. [B]2. [C]3. [A]4. [A]5. [D]6. [B]7. [A]8. [D]9. [C]10. [C]11. [C]12. [A]13. [D]14. [D]15. [C]SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)16. [A]17. [D]18. [B]19. [C]20. [B]21. [D]22. [B]23. [A]24. [A]25. [C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)26. [B]27. [D]28. [C]29. [D]30. [B]31. [C]32. [A]33. [D]34. [A]35. [C]SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)71. 如果想一想那些為學(xué)生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個學(xué)生來說，要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。72. 如果一個學(xué)生進(jìn)大學(xué)是為了想獲得一個對生活前景更廣泛的認(rèn)識，為了擴(kuò)大思想境界和學(xué)會獨(dú)立思考，那么毫無疑問，進(jìn)大學(xué)對他是有好處的。73. 學(xué)校由于受課程表和紀(jì)律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學(xué)生沒有充分時間對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨(dú)立的見解。74. 我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)學(xué)生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生”，經(jīng)過一年左右的時間對各門不同學(xué)科的鉆研，將會從中獲益。75. 當(dāng)然，關(guān)于一個人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時間，還有另外一個方面。76. 某一學(xué)科中出類拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。77. 他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時間，以優(yōu)異的成績?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位，成為一名專家，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。78. 因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點(diǎn)。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。

1985年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI StructureandVocabularySectionII ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)EXAMPLE:Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight______hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]WhenIwasabouttwelve,IsuddenlydevelopedagreatpassionEQ\X\BO(大16家)writingpoetry.Igaveupallmyotherhobbies,suchasEQ\X\BO(大17家)stamps,andspentallmyEQ\X\BO(大18家)timereadingpoetryandwritingit.ThishabitofwritingpoetryoneverypossibleEQ\X\BO(大19家)soongotmeintotroubleatschool.Ifalessondidnotinterestme,Iwouldtakeoutmynotebookandstartwritingpoemsinclass.OfcourseIdidthisveryEQ\X\BO(大20家),butitwasnotlongbeforeIgotcaught.OnedaywhileIwasbusywritingapoemduringageographylesson,Ilookeduptofindtheteacherstandingoverme,fumingwithangerbecauseIwasnotEQ\X\BO(大21家)attention.Hetorethepoemup,withaEQ\X\BO(大22家)nottowastetimeinhislesson.AllthesameIwasconvincedthatIhadwrittenagoodpoem,sothateveningIwroteitoutagainfrommemory.Notlongafter,IreadaboutapoetrycontestandIdecidedtosendinmypoem.Weekslater,longafterIhadgivenuphope,IgotaletterinformingmeIhadwonfirstEQ\X\BO(大23家).Everyoneatschoolwasveryimpressed—exceptthegeographyteacher,whoEQ\X\BO(大24家)memorecarefullythanever.HewasquiteEQ\X\BO(大25家)thatIwasnotgoingtowritepoetryinhislesson!16. [A]for[B]in[C]on[D]at17. [A]arranging[B]collecting[C]gathering[D]keeping18. [A]additional[B]extra[C]other[D]spare19. [A]chance[B]moment[C]occasion[D]time20. [A]anxiously[B]attentively[C]cautiously[D]silently21. [A]calling[B]devoting[C]attracting[D]paying22. [A]warning[B]notice[C]word[D]look23. [A]position[B]prize[C]reward[D]victory24. [A]guarded[B]inspected[C]observed[D]watched25. [A]determined[B]annoyed[C]fixed[D]assuredSectionIII ReadingComprehensionSectionVIII English-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)(1)Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantpartinourlife.Buttelevision,likeotherthings,hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Dotheformeroutweighthelatter?Inthefirstplace,televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalsoacomparativelycheapone.(66)Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.(67)Theydonothavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinema,ortheopera,onlytodiscover,perhaps,thattheshowisdisappointing.(68)Alltheyhavetodoispressabutton,andtheycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.(69)Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisispreciselywherethedangerlies.Thetelevisionviewertakesnoinitiative.Hemakesnochoiceandexercisesnojudgment.(70)Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.(71)Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowsonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersandendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.Themostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomarebroughtrightintoone'ssitting-room.(72)Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisservicejustaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.Yethereagainthereadanger.Wegetsousedtolookingatit,sodependentonitsflickeringpictures,thatitbeginstodominateourlives.Therearemanyotherargumentsforandagainsttelevision.Thepoorqualityofitsprogramsisoftencriticized.Butitisundoubtedlyagreatcomforttomanylonelyelderlypeople.Anddoesitcorruptorinstructourchildren?Ithinkwemustrealizethattelevisioninitselfisneithergoodnorbad.(73)Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdetermineitsvaluetosociety.(2)Anofficeisthe"Brain"ofabusiness.(74)Inanoffice,figures,listsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorheadsofthebusinesswhatishappeningintheirshopsorfactories.Thesefiguresguidethemanagersbytellingthemwhathashappenedandwhatishappening.Informationcomesintoanofficeinallsortsofwaysbutthemainitemsofinformationcomeinregularly.(75)Itispartofthejoboftheclerkstocollectandclassifythatinformationandtoputitintosuchaformthatitiseasilyinterpretedandunderstood.Officescollectinformationthentheyclassifyit.Thisworkofcollectioniscommoninanofficefromthesortingofmaileverymorningtotheaccountant'sworkinfindingoutthefinalfigurefortheyear'sprofit.(76)Classificationalwaysrequiresthearrangementofthesamekindofinformation,oftenintolistsorcolumns.(77)Forthiswork,correctness,accuracyandspeed,asinallofficework,areessential.Thereisnovalue,however,incollectingfigureswhichmeannothing.Figuresareguideswhichshouldhelpwemakedecisions.(78)Theinterpretationofinformationandoftablesshouldtelluswheresuccessorfailurelies,whereprofitcanbehadandwherelossesoccur.(79)Onthiskindofinformationandfromtheknownfigures,achoiceismadeandaseriesofsuchchoicesmaymakeapolicy.Afirmwhichhasthreefactoriesmayfind,forinstance,fromitsfigures,thatonefactoryislosingmoneyandachoicemayliebetweeneitherachangeofmanager,acutinproduction,anincreaseinproductionorclosureofthefactory.Whicheveroneofthesedecisionsistakenbecomesthepolicy.(80)Itisclearthatadecisionleadingtoapolicycanonlybeasgoodastheinformationonwhichitisbased.Consequentlythereisaconstantsearchformoreandmoreexactinformation.(81)Managerswillwanttohaveallthenecessaryfactsbeforetheycanmakethebestdecisionanditisnormalforthemtoseekformoreandmoreinformation.

1985年考研英語真題答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)1. [A]2. [B]3. [C]4. [B]5. [D]6. [C]7. [D]8. [A]9. [A]10. [D]11. [B]12. [C]13. [A]14. [B]15. [C]SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)16. [A]17. [B]18. [D]19. [C]20. [C]21. [D]22. [A]23. [B]24. [D]25. [A]SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)(1)66. 譬如，對于一個四口之家，舒舒服服地坐在家里收看電視，就能看到幾乎是數(shù)不清的娛樂節(jié)目，這比到外面別的地方去消遣便宜得多，方便的多。67. 他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院，或歌劇院買價錢很高的戲票，結(jié)果他們也許還會發(fā)現(xiàn)所演出的節(jié)目很令人失望。68. 他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕，就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出，更不用說各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動人心的足球賽。69. 可是，有些人則堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這恰恰是危險的所在。70. 看電視的人是完全被動的，他可以毫不費(fèi)力就能看到所播放的每一個節(jié)目。71. 人們常說，電視能使一個人對時事了如指掌，隨時了解科學(xué)和政治方面的最新發(fā)展。同時還能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種既有教育意義又帶有娛樂性的節(jié)目。72. 可能會有人提出無線電廣播也同樣能做到這一點(diǎn)；但在電視屏幕上，每個節(jié)目都顯得更加生動，更加真實(shí)。73. 電視對社會的價值取決于我們怎樣去利用它。(2)74. 在辦公室里，人們將各種數(shù)據(jù)、表格和資料（信息）加以匯編以便讓經(jīng)理們或企業(yè)的主管人員了解他們的商店或工廠目前正在發(fā)生的情況。75. 職員們的一部分任務(wù)就是手機(jī)這種資料（信息）將它分類并制成這樣一份表格，這份表格要能是這種資料（信息）易于解釋，易于理解。76. 分類工作始終需要將同樣的資料加以整理，往往是將它們列成表格或?qū)凇?7. 對于這種工作來說，像所有的辦公室工作一樣，正確性、準(zhǔn)確性和速度是必不可少的。78. 對資料（信息）和報(bào)表所做的解釋，應(yīng)能給我們顯示出成敗之所在哪里可以有盈利以及哪里出現(xiàn)了虧損。79. 根據(jù)這種資料（信息）和那些已知的數(shù)據(jù)，就能作出一種選擇，而一系列這樣的選擇就能形成一項(xiàng)決策。80. 很顯然，形成決策的那個決定的好壞，只能取決于它所依據(jù)的資料（信息）的好壞。81. 經(jīng)理們必定需要在掌握一切必要的情況之后才能作出最佳的決定。對他們來說，要求得到越來越多的資料（信息）是很正常的。

1984年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI StructureandVocabularySectionII ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)EXAMPLE:Hotmetal________asitgrowscooler.[A]condenses[B]reduces[C]decreases[D]contractsANSWER:[D]Ventilation,asweknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmightEQ\X\BO(大31家)hugeventilationproblems.Eveninthedaysofsmoky,coal-burningEQ\X\BO(大32家),trainsmadetheirownventilationbypushingandpullingairEQ\X\BO(大33家)thetunnels.Carsdon'tmovetheirownspentgasesinthesameway;itcollectsintunnels.CliffordM.HollandsolvedtheproblemEQ\X\BO(大34家)agiantfan-drivensystemfortheHudsonRivertunnel.Holland'ssystemreceivedasevereEQ\X\BO(大35家)whenatruckEQ\X\BO(大36家)withchemicalsubstancescaughtfireinthetunnelandexploded.Theblastdestroyedmanyautomobiles;sixtypersonswereEQ\X\BO(大37家)bythestrongsmellingsmoke.Allsixty,however,remainedEQ\X\BO(大38家)aftertheexplosion.EQ\X\BO(大39家)theruinof500feetofthetunnelroof,trafficEQ\X\BO(大40家)afteronlyfifty-sixhours.31. [A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]create32. [A]stoves[B]burners[C]boilers[D]engines33. [A]around[B]through[C]in[D]within34. [A]by[B]with[C]for[D]of35. [A]trial[B]pressure[C]examination[D]test36. [A]loaded[B]carried[C]crowded[D]transported37. [A]swept[B]overcome[C]hit[D]hurt38. [A]alive[B]living[C]live[D]lived39. [A]With[B]After[C]Becauseof[D]Despite40. [A]resumed[B]stopped[C]moved[D]startedSectionIII ReadingComprehensionSectionVIII English-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)(1)(81)Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.Atnight,roadsarebrightlylit,enablingpeopleandtraffictomovefreely.Neonlightingusedinadvertisinghasbecomepartofthecharacterofeverymoderncity.Inthehome,manylabour-savingdevicesarepoweredbyelectricity.(82)Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefatasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.Everyday,trains,trolley-buses,andtramstakeustoandfromwork.(83)Werarelybothertoconsiderwhyorhowtheyrununtilsomethinggoeswrong.OnesummersomethingdidgowrongwiththepowerplantthatprovidesNewYorkwithelectricity.Foragreatmanyhours,lifecamealmosttoastandstill.Trainsrefusedtomoveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedark,powerlesstodoanything;(84)liftsstoppedworking,sothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobetrappedbetweentwofloors,youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydownhundredsofflightsofstairs.FamousstreetslikeBroadwayandFifthAvenueinaninstantbecameasgloomyanduninvitingasthemostremotebackstreets.(85)Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.Meanwhile,similardisorderprevailedinthehome.NewYorkcanbestiflinginthesummerandthisyearwasnoexception.Cool,air-conditionedapartmentsbecamefurnaces.Foodwentbadinrefrigerators.Cakesandjointsofmeatremaineduncookedincoolingovens.(86)PeoplesatimpatientandfrightenedinthedarkasifanunseenenemyhadlandedfromMars.(87)Oneofthestrangethingsthatoccurredduringthepower-cutwasthatsomefiftyblindpeopleleadmanysightedworkershome.(88)Whenthelightscameonagain,hardlyapersoninthecitycanhaveturnedonaswitchwithoutreflectinghowgreataservanthehadathisfingertips.(2)Amineralisamaterialthatismined,notgrown.(89)Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundontheearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.Someminerals,forexamplecoalandoil,wereoriginallylivingsubstances;others,likeiron,neverhadlife.(90)Coalandoilaretheremainsofplantsandanimals.Crudemineraloresandcrudeoilmustbepurifiedbeforetheycanbeused.(91)Astageinhumancivilizationisoftencalledbythenameofthesubstancemainlyusedatthatstage:theStoneAge,theIronAge,andsoon.Thelevelofcivilizationreachedbyasocietydependsonthematerialsitcanuse,notonlyonthosewhichareavailable.(92)Thecapacitytousearawmaterialdependsonvariousfactors,suchasmeansofaccess,methodsofextraction,andtechniquesofprocessing.Inordertobepurified,orcombinedintoalloys,metalsmustbemelted.Forthispurposetheymustbeplacedincontainerswhichcanbeheatedtoenormoustemperatures.Thesecontainersorenclosedspacesarecalledfurnaces.(93)Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.Althoughmuchwasknownpreviouslyaboutthechemicalpropertiesofaluminumandtheirapplicationtopracticaluses,(94)itwasnotuntilsixtyyearsagothatamethodofextractingaluminumorewasfoundwhichcouldleadtoacheaplarge-scaleprocess.(95)Inthepastfewdecadesmenbehavedasiftheirsuppliesofmineralswereinexhaustible.(96)Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir"expectationoflife,"thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.Butinthecaseofmineralsitisespeciallydifficulttogiveareliableestimateofreservesbecausesurveyshavenotbeencompletedanditisnotcertainthatallsourcesareknown.Uraniumprovidesagoodexampleofthisfact.

1984年考研英語真題答案SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)31. [D]32. [D]33. [B]34. [B]35. [D]36. [A]37. [B]38. [A]39. [D]40. [A]SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)(1)81. 電在我們的日常生活中所占的地位是這樣的重要，而且現(xiàn)在人們還認(rèn)為有電是完全理所當(dāng)然的事，所以我們在開電燈或開收音機(jī)時就很少會再去想一想電是怎么來的。82. 即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入睡鄉(xiāng)時，電也在為我們工作，它幫我們開動冰箱，幫我們燒水或使我們房間里的空調(diào)機(jī)保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。83. 在車輛出毛病之前，我們就不會去費(fèi)腦筋想一下它們?yōu)槭裁磿_動或怎樣開動。84. 電梯停了，因此即使你幸而沒有被困在兩個樓層的中間，你也得去完成一項(xiàng)不愉快的任務(wù)：即摸黑往下走幾百級樓梯。85. 盡管警察都已接到命令，要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況，但人們還是不敢出門，因?yàn)榫煲餐渌魏稳艘粯痈械讲恢牒蜔o能為力。86. 人們焦急不安、驚惶失措地坐在黑暗中，好象有一名來自火星的看不見的敵人已登上了地球。87. 停電期間所發(fā)生的事件中有過這樣一件怪事：大約有五十名盲人給許多有視力的職工帶路，把他們送回家。88. 當(dāng)電燈再亮?xí)r，城里的人在撳電燈開關(guān)之前，幾乎沒有一個人不仔細(xì)想一想，他隨時都能有一個多么能干的個人來為他服務(wù)啊。(2)89. 換言之，礦物就是存在于地球上的而且必須經(jīng)過挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆炸或類似作業(yè)才能獲得的物質(zhì)。90. 煤和油是植物和動物的殘?bào)w。原礦石和原油必須加以精煉才能使用。91. 人類文明的各個時期通常是根據(jù)從們在各個時期所主要使用的物質(zhì)名稱而命名的，例如石器時代、鐵器時代，等等。92. 使用原料的能力大小取決于各種因素，例如，獲取原料的手段、開采方法和加工技術(shù)。93. 提煉原礦石的廠房設(shè)備通常不是設(shè)在開采原礦石的國家而是設(shè)在其他國家。94. 直到六十年前人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)一種開采鋁礦石的方法，從而有可能從中得出一種成本低廉、大規(guī)模提煉的煉鋁法。95. 在過去的幾十年間，人們對待礦物的態(tài)度是：仿佛他們可以永遠(yuǎn)不斷地得到礦物供應(yīng)。96. 可是現(xiàn)在他們認(rèn)識到，其中有些礦物的蘊(yùn)藏是很有限的，他們甚至還是可較合理地估計(jì)出這些礦石“可望存在多少年”，也就是說，經(jīng)過多少時間之后，這些礦物的全部書籍礦源和蘊(yùn)藏量將被耗盡。

1983年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI StructureandVocabularySectionIV ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledA,B,C,andD.Choosethecorrectoneandcircletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.(10points)EXAMPLE:BillcametoworkattheUniversitythirtyyears________today.[A]since[B]before[C]from[D]agoANSWER:[D]Inthe20thcenturychemistshavelearnedtomakeEQ\X\BO(大31家)ofnewcompoundsthatneverexistedEQ\X\BO(大32家).Manyofthemareusefultoindustry.IndustryalsofoundnewusesEQ\X\BO(大33家)old,well-knownEQ\X\BO(大34家)suchasmercury,arsenic,andlead.Wehavelearnedtouseradioactivesubstancesinmanufacturingelectricalpower,andsomematerialsusedinmedicine.Manyofthesesubstancesarepoisonoustopeople.AccidentallyorEQ\X\BO(大35家)purpose,manyofthemaredischargedintostreamsandlakes.Birdsandfisharekilledbythem.InsomeEQ\X\BO(大36家)peoplehavebeenkilledorEQ\X\BO(大37家)bythem.Insomecountries,manypeoplewerekilledbyeatingfishthathadlivedinwatercontaminatedwithmercury;EQ\X\BO(大38家)otherswerecrippledEQ\X\BO(大39家)life.ThereisnosolutionatpresentEQ\X\BO(大40家)theproblemofwaterpollutionbymanydifferentkindsofindustrialwastes.Ideally,allthewastesshouldbecollectedandusedagain.31. [A]thethousand[B]thousands[C]athousand[D]onethousand32. [A]earlier[B]early[C]ago[D]before33. [A]for[B]to[C]of[D]with34. [A]things[B]matters[C]substances[D]materials35. [A]in[B]with[C]on[D]for36. [A]cases[B]conditions[C]situations[D]environments37. [A]gotsick[B]fellsick[C]becamesick[D]madesick38. [A]more[B]still[C]the[D]most39. [A]in[B]of[C]for[D]by40. [A]of[B]in[C]about[D]toSectionV ReadingComprehensionSectionVIII English-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.(25points)(1)Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestionsis‘yes’,thenyouarejustplainirresponsible.Ifyouransweris‘no’,thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwords,byactingasanexamineryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrongcaseforcensorship.Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents’responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren’ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon’tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsarelikeyourself.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,itcontributestothecommongood.Somepeoplethinkthatitisashamethatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Butwemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing‘worksofart’.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof‘a(chǎn)rt’.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdoesistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavourofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavourofanarchy.Societywouldreallybethebetterifitwereprotectedbycorrectcensorship.(2)Ifthesunhasenoughpowertowarmandlightthewholeearth,itmusthaveenoughpowertodootherthings,too.Canweusethesun’sabundantenergytosupplyelectricity,oratleasttoperformthefunctionswhichelectricityorothertypesofpowerusuallyperform?Theanswerisyes.Forexample,peoplehaveformanyyearsbeenusingthereflectedheatofthesuntocookby.Solarcookershavebeenbuiltwithseveralcurvedmirrorsreflectingthesunandfocusingitsheatonthecookingelement.Thisapparatuscanbeusedjustlikeagasorelectricstove;itismoreexpensivetomakebutitdoesnotneedanyfuel,andsocostsnothingtouse.Anotherpossibilityofusingsolarenergyisinhouse-heating.Theformofenergyweusemostiselectricity,andeverydaymoreisneeded.Butelectricityhastobemade,too,andtomakeithugequantitiesoffuelarerequired—oil,coal,gasandnowadaysevenuranium.Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayis:howlongwillthesefuelslast?Nobodyknowsforsure,butmostexpertsthinkitwillsoonbedifficulttoobtainsufficientelectricityfromthesesources.Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionhere,too.Solarpowerhasalreadybeenusedtoproduceterrifichat.InSouthernFranceasolarfurnacehasbeenbuilt,wheretemperaturesreachmorethan3000°Centigrade.Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperimentsatpresent,butcouldbeusedtoproducesteamforapowerstation.Soitispossiblethatonedayinthenearfuturewewilldependonsolarfurnacesandpowerstationstoprovideourelectricalneeds.Orperhapseachhomewillhaveasolargeneratortoprovidepowerforlightingandheating.

1983年考研英語真題答案SectionIV:ClozeTest(10points)31. [B]32. [D]33. [A]34. [C]35. [C]36. [A]37. [D]38. [B]39. [C]40. [D]SectionV:ReadingComprehension(10points)41. [C]42. [B]43. [B]44. [A]45. [B]SectionVI:StructureandVocabulary(10points)46. [D]47. [B]48. [B]49. [A]50. [A]51. [D]52. [C]53. [B]54. [C]55. [B]SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(25points)(1)讓我們假設(shè)你處在家長的地位。你會允許你的孩子們隨便讀他們想讀的書而不首先查一下內(nèi)容嗎？你會隨便帶你的孩子去看電影而不首先搞清楚這部片子對他們是否合適嗎？假如你對這些問題的回答是“是”的話，那你簡直就是不負(fù)責(zé)任。如果你回答“否”，那你就是在運(yùn)用你家長的權(quán)利來保護(hù)你的孩子，使他們免受你認(rèn)為不良的影響。換句話話，你在作為檢查者時已經(jīng)認(rèn)定實(shí)行審查很有必要。當(dāng)然，你會說審查對兒童而言是一回事，但對成人卻是另一回事。兒童需要保護(hù)，提供這種保護(hù)是父母的責(zé)任。但是成年人又如何呢？難道他們還不夠成熟以判斷哪些東西對他們有益嗎？回答是許多成年人是能做到的。不過千萬別誤認(rèn)為所有的成年人都象你自己一樣。審查是為了整個社會的利益。它象法律一樣維護(hù)公眾利益。有些人認(rèn)為審查員干涉文藝作品是不光彩的事。可是我們要牢記送到審查員面前的大量書刊、戲劇和電影遠(yuǎn)非“杰作”。當(dāng)審查法放寬時，招搖撞騙之徒就會有機(jī)可乘在“藝術(shù)”的幌子下什么樣的東西都會炮制出來。審查工作的大事之一就是防止某些人靠腐蝕別人的思想以謀取厚利。主張絕對自由就是主張無政府狀態(tài)。如果社會得到正確審查制度的保護(hù)一定會變得更好。(2)太陽既然有足夠的能量使整個地球變得溫暖和明亮，它必定也有足夠的能量做出其他的事。我們是否能利用太陽豐富的能源來發(fā)電，或至少是用它來做電力或別種動力通常要做的事？回答是肯定的。例如，多年來人們一直在利用反射太陽光的熱量來燒煮食物。太陽爐是用幾面曲面鏡反射陽光并將其熱量聚焦于炊具上制成的。這種裝置可以象煤氣爐或電爐一樣使用；制造成本雖然較高，但它不需用燃料，因而使用就不必花錢。太陽能的另一個可能性是取暖。我們用得最多的能的形式是電。而且用量與日俱增。但是電也需要生產(chǎn)，要生產(chǎn)電就需要大量燃料，如石油、煤、可燃?xì)?，現(xiàn)在甚至用鈾作燃料。今天人人都擔(dān)心的問題是：這些燃料能維持多久？誰也無法確知，但是大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為不需太久就難以靠這些來源提供充足的電力了。太陽倒有可能在這方面作出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。太陽能已被用來提供極高的溫度。在法國南部已經(jīng)建造了一座太陽爐，供熱可高達(dá)攝氏3000度以上。這座太陽爐目前只用于實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，但是有可能給發(fā)電站提供蒸汽。所以在不久的將來，我們有可能依靠太陽爐和太陽能發(fā)電站來提供我們對電力的需要。或許家家戶戶都將用太陽能來提供照明和加熱用的電力。

1982年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI StructureandVocabularySectionIV ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledA,B,C,andD.Choosethecorrectoneandcircletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.(11points)EXAMPLE:____1____thefinalsceneInoticedhim____2____hiseyes..1. [A]During[B]While[C]Assoonas[D]Nosoonerthan2. [A]towipe[B]wiping[C]tobewiped[D]havingwipedANSWER:1.[A]2.[B]EQ\X\BO(大31家)beforemanlearnedhowtobuildhouses,heEQ\X\BO(大32家)naturalshelters,astheanimalsdid.HefoundthathecouldEQ\X\BO(大33家)himselfbyclimbingupintotreesorbycrouchingEQ\X\BO(大34家)theoverhangingedgesofcliffs,orbycrawlingintoEQ\X\BO(大35家).Thefirstsheltersorhomesactuallybuiltbymanwereverysimple.ForhisbuildingEQ\X\BO(大36家),heusedwhathecouldfindeasilyEQ\X\BO(大37家)him:rocks,treebranches,driedgrasses,animalskins.ItwasEQ\X\BO(大38家),however,beforemanbegantobuildEQ\X\BO(大39家)sheltersbecauseEQ\X\BO(大40家)manlearnedtofarm,helivedbyEQ\X\BO(大41家).31. [A]Epoch[B]Long[C]Time[D]Age32. [A]lookedafter[B]lookedabout[C]lookedfor[D]lookedinto33. [A]protect[B]confine[C]bury[D]cover34. [A]to[B]above[C]into[D]under35. [A]cracks[B]pits[C]caves[D]cavities36. [A]rocks[B]substance[C]materials[D]groundwork37. [A]around[B]above[C]under[D]over38. [A]intime[B]manyatime[C]behindthetime[D]alongtime39. [A]permanent[B]unchangeable[C]changeable[D]perpetual40. [A]if[B]incase[C]until[D]after41. [A]fishing[B]gaming[C]hunting[D]shootingSectionV ReadingComprehensionSectionVII English-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.(30points)(1)Incountryaftercountry,talkofnon-smokers’rightisintheair.Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittleornoactionyet,some30nationshaveintroducedlegislativestepstocontrolsmoking.Manylawshavebeenintroducedinothercountriestohelpcleartheairfornonsmokers,ortocutcigaretteconsumption.Insomedevelopedcountriestheconsumptionofcigaretteshasbecomemoreorlessstabilized.However,inmanydevelopingnations,cigarettesmokingisseenasasignofeconomicprogress—andisevenencouraged.Asmoretobaccocompaniesgointernational,newmarketsaresoughttogainnewsmokersinthosecountries.Forexample,greateffortsaremadebytheAmericantobaccoindustrytosellcigarettesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica—whereU.S.tobaccoexportsincreasedbymorethan27percentin1974.Smokingisharmfultothehealthofpeople.Worldgovernmentsshouldconductseriouscampaignsagainstit.Restrictionsoncigaretteadvertisements,plushealthwarningsonpackagesandbansonpublicsmokingincertainplacessuchastheatres,cinemasandrestaurants,arethemostpopulartoolsusedbynationsinsupportofnonsmokersorincurbingsmoking.Butworldattentionalsoisfocusingonanotherstepwhichwillmakethesmokerincreasinglyself-consciousanduncomfortableabouthishabit.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Andcigarettepriceshouldbeboosted.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogether,butpeoplearenotreadyforsuchdrasticaction.(2)Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbedetectedbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan’tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcellsinvitalorgans.Buteventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemanynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledoutright.Yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcell