Unit5 Words and Expressions 重點(diǎn)單詞詳解課件-2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語同步備課堂（人教版2019）（選擇性必修第一冊(cè)）

Unit5

WordsandExpressions1.devote

v.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于__________n.奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；深愛核心用法①

devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的一生/時(shí)間/金錢/精力奉獻(xiàn)于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.獻(xiàn)身于/致力于/專心于做某事②

devoted

adj.忠誠的；深愛的投入的(committed)adevotedfather

bedevotedto...對(duì)……忠誠；深愛……

devotion1．Hetoldusthattherewerenearlythreehundredteachers___________themselvestoteachingintheschool.他告訴我們學(xué)校有將近300名老師致力于教學(xué)工作。2．___________tohisscientificresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.他致力于他的科研工作，沒有時(shí)間與家人共度周末。

devotingDevoted常考察devotingoneselfto...或devotedto...常在句中作狀語、補(bǔ)語或定語。表示“專心于，全神貫注于”的短語還有：beabsorbedin，belostin，beburiedin，focuson

;beoccupiedin，concentrateon，fixone’sattentionon

[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①M(fèi)yparentsareconsidering________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered________(be)ofgreathelpwithmyworkandstudy.②CharlesChaplinisconsidered__________(make)agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.③Billconsiders________harmfultostayuplateinthenight.

語境助記Ihavenever__________changingmypresentjobbecauseIlikeit.What'smore,ateacheris__________generally

tobeagardenerandisrespectedbyothers.我從來沒有想過要改變我現(xiàn)在的工作，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g這份工作；更重要的是，人們普遍認(rèn)為老師是園丁，而且(老師)受人尊敬consideredconsidered1.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在樹木缺水最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，大樹的損失最大。2.Theyweresufferingbecauseofaseriousshortageofdoctorsandnurses.

由于醫(yī)護(hù)人員嚴(yán)重短缺，他們備受病痛折磨。3.Thefamilywasshortofeventhebarenecessitiesoflife.

那家人甚至沒有最起碼的生活所需。2.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺核心用法①

food/water/housingshortages食物/用水/住房短缺

ashortageof缺乏②

shortadj.不足的；缺乏的

beshortof缺乏，不足

inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)言之①A

(short)offundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief.②

short,Ilikeonlinereadingmorethanpaperreading.③Thegoingwasslowontheproject

skilledworkers.這項(xiàng)工程進(jìn)展緩慢，因?yàn)槿鄙偈炀毜墓と恕?/p>

shortageInbecauseofashortageof即學(xué)即練3.convincev.使相信；使確信；說服_________adj.令人信服的（物）

___________adj.確信的；堅(jiān)信的（人）convincingconvinced

核心用法convincesb.ofsth.使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事

beconvincedof...(某人)堅(jiān)信……beconvincedthat

(某人)堅(jiān)信……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①You'llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Ithinkyoucanhelpmeconvincemyfather________(leave)．③__________(convince)thathewaswrong,hefeltverysad.④She'llcookupa__________(convince)explanationforherfailure.⑤I'm________(convince)thatheisnottellingthetruth.4.attainv.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得；得到_______________adj.可獲得的；可達(dá)到的______________n.達(dá)到；成就attainable①Greatachievementscan’t

(attain)unlessoneconcentratesonwhatheisdoing.②Ifthesolutionsareso

(attain),whyhaven’twereachedthemyet?③The

(attain)ofhisambitionswasstilladream.語境串記Hehadthoughtthegoalwaseasily_________,buthedidn’t__________itforlackofworkexperience.Soheconsidersthegoaltobe__________forhimatpresent.他原以為這個(gè)目標(biāo)容易達(dá)到，但由于缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他沒有達(dá)到。所以目前他認(rèn)為這個(gè)目標(biāo)對(duì)他來說是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。be

attainedattainableattainment即學(xué)即練unattainableattainableattainattainment5.assumption

n.假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)力的)獲得_______________

v.假定；假設(shè)；承擔(dān)；假裝assume核心用法①

ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeassumptions/anassumption(about)對(duì)…作出假設(shè)/假定；認(rèn)為②

assumesb./sth.(tobe)+adj./n假定/認(rèn)為某人/某事(為)……Itisassumedthat...人們認(rèn)為……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe___________(assume)you'vemade.②Websitesandsocialnetworkstrackyourlocationandsearchhistoryandmakeassumptions________yourage,raceandsex.③Whatwillyoudo________theassumptionthatyoucan'tbeathiminthefirstroundofthematch?6.expand

v.擴(kuò)大；增加；擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))_______________n.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展expansion核心用法expand...into...

把……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……expandinto...

發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)大成……expandon/uponsth.

細(xì)說(闡述)某事1.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金屬受熱會(huì)膨脹。2.WehaveplanstoexpandthebusinessintotheUSAmarket.

我們計(jì)劃把業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到美國市場(chǎng)。3.Thenarrowpathinthevillagewasexpandedintoawideroad.

村里的狹窄小路被拓寬成了一條大道。4.Inotherwords,hedidnotwanttoexpandgreatlyonhisstatement.

換句話說，他不想就他的聲明多加解釋。5.Thebookisanexpansionofaseriesoflecturesgivenlastyear.

這本書是去年舉行的系列講座的擴(kuò)充。①Hissmallbusinesseventuallyexpanded

abusinessempire.②Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemovingintoit,thecity

(expand)severaltimesinsizerecently.③Therapid

(expand)ofcitiescancausesocialandeconomicproblems.④YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithout

ofthefields.袁隆平在不擴(kuò)大土地面積的情況下尋求稻米增產(chǎn)的途徑。intohas

expandedexpansionexpandingthe

area即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2019·江蘇宿遷期末)Oceanplasticisestimated__________(kill)millionsofanimalseveryyear.②(2021·上海市西南位育中學(xué)期中)______isestimatedthatthenumberoftouristswhotravelabroadhasdoubledinthepastdecade.完成句子③我估計(jì)他的年齡大約30歲。I_______________________about30．④據(jù)估計(jì)，這項(xiàng)工程將持續(xù)四年。______________thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.7.estimate

v.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算

n.估計(jì)；估算核心用法①

estimatesth.atsth.

估計(jì)……有……

beestimatedthat...

據(jù)估計(jì)……

beestimatedtobe...

估計(jì)……②

byestimate按照估計(jì)

belowestimate低于估計(jì)estimatehisagetobe

Itisestimated

tokill

It

8.comprisev.包括；包含；由……構(gòu)成(不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)1.Thehousecomprisestwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.包含comprise=consistsof=Thehouseconsistsof

twobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.這座房子包含有兩間臥室、一間廚房和一間起居室。例如“這座有兩間臥室、一間廚房和一間起居室的房子已經(jīng)出售”：Thehouse__________(comprise)twobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.Thehouse__________(consist)oftwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroomhasbeensold.consistingcomprisingcomprise,consistof作后置定語無被動(dòng)，用doing形式(belongto;measure)becomprisedof=bemadeupof由……構(gòu)成2.Thecommitteeiscomprisedof

tenmembers.委員會(huì)由10名成員組成。=Thecommitteeismadeupof

tenmembers.①Farmers

(comprise)just12percentofthecountry’spopulation.②Theclassiscomprisedmainly

ItalianandFrenchstudents.③Lifeconsists

notonlysunshinebutalsostorms.④Theprogramme

thefollowingactivities:

recitation,singing,wordspelling,storytellingandsoon.

compriseofofis

comprised

of即學(xué)即練[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯委員會(huì)由知名的登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成。①________________________________________________________②________________________________________________________③________________________________________________________④________________________________________________________9.extension

n.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)_______v.使伸長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)大；延長(zhǎng)，延期；伸展

extend核心用法①

byextension引申，再則②

extendvt.

使伸長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)大；延長(zhǎng)，延期；伸展

extendafence/road/house擴(kuò)建護(hù)欄/公路/房子

extendadeadline/visa延長(zhǎng)最后期限/簽證1.Thebankplansvariousextensionstoitscreditfacilities.銀行計(jì)劃多方面擴(kuò)展信貸服務(wù)。2.Thisisaplannedthree-storeyextensiontotheschool.這是計(jì)劃在學(xué)校增建的一棟三層的樓。3.Thereareplanstoextendtheno-smokingarea.現(xiàn)正有擴(kuò)大無煙區(qū)的計(jì)劃。①The

(extend)ofthesubwaywilltakeseveralmonths.②Thecompanyplans

(extend)itsoperationsintoEurope.③Wehavegot

extensiontofinishwritingourpapers.④Theblamelieswiththeteachersand,

,withtheEducationService.應(yīng)受指責(zé)的是教師，再則就是教育機(jī)構(gòu)。extensionto

extendanby

extension即學(xué)即練10.inturn

相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流拓展短語byturns輪流taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事inreturn作為回報(bào)1.Theserulesdemonstrateourrespectforothersandinturngiveusthegiftofself-respect.這些規(guī)范表達(dá)了我們對(duì)他人的尊重，也轉(zhuǎn)而賦予我們自重的能力。2.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.Inreturn,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.我們給自己的學(xué)生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育。作為回報(bào)，我們希望學(xué)生能夠努力學(xué)習(xí)。①Ifyouputeffortintoit,

turn,youwillgetrewardfromit.②Leavinghomeforthefirsttime,hefeltcheerfulandsad

turns.③Ithinkit’smyturn

(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.④Theyoungparentshadtotaketurns

(look)aftertheirsickbaby.⑤Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.

,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate,too.

氣候的變化導(dǎo)致全球變暖。相應(yīng)地，地球的升溫也在改變氣候。inbyto

driveto

lookIn

turn即學(xué)即練1.Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.2.Proteindigestsslowly.3.Thisisadigestoftheweek’snews.4.Doyouknowthattoomuchteaisbadforyourdigestion?11.digest

v.消化.領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟

n.摘要；文摘_____________n.消化(advocetepredict)haveagood/poordigestion

digestion①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefood

(digest).②

(digest)beginsinthemouthwiththeactionofsaliva(唾液).③Theorganizationpublishes

regulardigestofenvironmentalstatistics.④Asthesayinggoes,readingwithoutreflectingislikeeating

.俗話說，閱讀不思考好比吃飯不消化。

todigestDigestionawithoutdigesting即學(xué)即練12.essentialadj.完全必要的；極其重要的(necessary)核心用法beessentialto/for對(duì)……很重要(vitalcrucial)Itisessentialforsb.todo...對(duì)某人來說做……是完全必要的Itisessentialthat...(should)do...

做……是完全必要的(necessary)1.Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.陽光和水是作物生長(zhǎng)不可或缺的。2.Itisessentialforhigh-newtechnologycompanytostrengthencompetitivepower.

增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力對(duì)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)來說非常重要。3.ItisessentialthatyoushouldgetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA.

到美國旅游之前拿到簽證是必不可少的。①Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itis

essentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.②Itisessentialforus

(set)ourgoalrealistically.③Itisessentialthatyou

(learn)Chinesehistory.④Thesewordsandgrammar

everybodytolearnEnglish.這些詞和語法對(duì)于每一個(gè)學(xué)英語的人來說都是必備的。anto

set(should)

learnare

essential

for即學(xué)即練13.alternative

n.可供選擇的事物

adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的_____________adv.可供選擇地alternatively核心用法analternativeto...

……的替代品havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的選擇；可以做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事（n）1.Eitheralternativeiscorrect.(兩種選擇中)不論哪一個(gè)選擇都是正確的。2.Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbycomputers.

所有可供選擇的路線都由計(jì)算機(jī)顯示給汽車司機(jī)。3.WehadnoalternativebuttofireGibson.

我們別無他法，只能辭退吉布森。

alternativeenergy可替代能源①M(fèi)inibuseswithseatsoffer

alternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransport.②Thepolicehadnoalternativebut

(set)themanfreewithoutenoughevidence.③Wecoulddrivealltheway.

(alternative),wecouldfly.④Inordertosucceed,we

failurebravelyandlearnfromit.

為了成功，我們不得不勇敢地直面失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)。anto

setAlternativelyhave

no

alternative

but

to

face即學(xué)即練14.depthn.向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)__________adj.深的；深沉的；專心的

adv.在深處；深深地___________adv.深深地；非常地____________v.(使)變深；加深deependeepdeeplydeep和deeply均可以用作副詞，deep表示具體的“深”，而deeply表示抽象含義（感情）。核心用法

indepth全面地；深入地；仔細(xì)地inthedepthsof在……深處①Thegoldliesdeepintheearth.黃金埋藏于地下深處。②Hewentonstudyingdeepintothenight.他一直學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。③Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimdeeply.我那些愚蠢的話一定深深地傷害了他。與“deep—depth—deepen”變形相似的詞還有:adj.widelongstrongbroadn.widthlengthstrengthbreadthv.widenlengthenstrengthenbroaden①Thesubmarineliesata

(deep)of6,000feetintheBarentsSea.②I’moccupiedwiththeresearch,soIhaven’tlookedatthereport

depthyet.③Atclosetoametrein

(long),it’soneoftheworld’slargestsquirrels.④Thereuniondinnerhelps

(deep)familytieswhiletheexchangeofgiftsandgreetingsenhancerelationsbetweenfriends.⑤

mymemory,manythingsIdidwithmyfatherstilllive.在我記憶深處，我與父親一起做過的很多事仍然歷歷在目。depthinlengthdeepenInthedepthsof15.root

n.根；根莖；根部；根源

v.(使)生根；翻尋核心用法①

takeroot生根；植根；深入人心have(one’s)rootsin根源于；原因是②

rootin扎根于berootedin根植于1.Ipulledtheplantupbytheroots.我把這棵植物連根拔起。2.Money,orloveofmoney,

issaidtobetherootofallevil.

有人說錢或愛錢是萬惡之源。3.Fortunately,militarismfailedtotakerootinEuropeasawhole.幸運(yùn)的是，軍國主義沒有能夠深入整個(gè)歐洲。4.Trytorootthisplantinthegarden.想辦法使這個(gè)植物在園子里生根。①Flamencohasitsroots

Arabicmusic.②Beinggentle

is

(root)inthe