Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)提要牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

8BUnit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)提要詞匯接受訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)練v.train→三單：s→過去式：ed→現(xiàn)分：ing→過分：ed培訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)練不可n.training★接受訓(xùn)練receivetraining[復(fù)]奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)n.theOlympicGames=theOlympics支持v.&不可n.support→三單：s→過去式：ed→現(xiàn)分：ing→過分：ed支持者可n.supporter(a/s)在...方面支持某人supportsb.in...有意義的adj.meaningful比較級(jí)：more~最高級(jí)：themost~無意義的adj.meaningless意思，意義可n.meaning(a/s)意味著，意思是v.mean→三單：s→▲過去式：meant→現(xiàn)分：ing→▲過分：meant瞎的adj.blind★盲人[復(fù)]theblind★失明go/beeblind對(duì)...視而不見beblindto...=turnablindeyeto...失明不可n.blindness夜盲癥nightblindness色盲colourblindness聾的adj.deaf（與blind要區(qū)分開來）★聾人[復(fù)]thedeaf★變聾go/beedeaf對(duì)...充耳不聞bedeafto...=turnadeafearto...耳聾不可n.deafness[典型例題]().Though(盡管)Lindais,shecandomostthingsthatpeoplewithgoodeyescando.A.blind B.deaf C.homeless D.poor年老的adj.elderly★老人[復(fù)]theelderly=theold=theaged★一個(gè)老人anelderlyman無家可歸的adj.homeless★無家可歸者[復(fù)]thehomeless期待，指望；預(yù)料v.expect→三單：s→過去式：ed→現(xiàn)分：ing→過分：ed★期待/預(yù)料(某人/某物)做某事expect(sb./sth.)todosth.★期待做某事（2種）expecttodosth.=lookforwardtodoingsth.★★區(qū)分：除了prep.except確切地，精確地adv.exactly正是，沒錯(cuò)（答語）Exactly.機(jī)會(huì)可n.chance(a/s)★有機(jī)會(huì)做某事haveachancetodosth.=haveachanceofdoingsth.=gettodosth.給某人一個(gè)做某事的機(jī)會(huì)givesb.achancetodosth.偶然，意外地byaccident=bychance區(qū)分：改變v.&n.change同樣的，類似的adj.similar比較級(jí)：more~最高級(jí)：themost~★★★與...相似besimilarto...★在...方面相似besimilarin...與...相同bethesameas...與...不同bedifferentfrom...[典型例題]()1.—Yes,Bobissimilar______hisfather______appearance(外貌).Buthissisterisn’t.A．like;from B．like;to C．a(chǎn)fter;to D．a(chǎn)fter;from()2.Everyoneknowssilverissimilar________colour________aluminum(鋁).A．in;to B．on;to C．in;with D．to;to()3.—IsTinasimilar________Linda?—Yes,theyaretwins.Butinsomeways,theyaredifferent________eachother.A．to;from B．a(chǎn)s;to C．with;as放棄（短語）giveup★放棄它giveitup★放棄做某事giveupdoingsth.必須的，必要的adj.necessary比較級(jí)：more~最高級(jí)：themost~沒有必要的adj.unnecessary任務(wù)，工作可n.task(a/s)教練n.&長途汽車n.coach★(a/es)金牌可n.(a/s)&黃金不可n.gold★三塊金牌threegolds金色的adj.golden銀牌可n.(a/s)&銀不可n.silver★兩塊銀牌twosilvers銀色的adj.silvery獎(jiǎng)牌可n.medal(a/s)獎(jiǎng)賞，獎(jiǎng)品可n.prize(a/s)★獲得一等獎(jiǎng)winfirstprize★獲得許多獎(jiǎng)winmanyprizes背景可n.background(a/s)★不同的背景differentbackgrounds★許多背景信息alotof/lotsof/muchbackgroundinformation背景音樂/圖片backgroundmusic/picture...的背景thebackgroundof...密切地adv.closely比較級(jí)：more~最高級(jí)：themost~親密的；嚴(yán)密的adj.close比較級(jí)：r最高級(jí)：thest★和這些特殊的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們密切合作workcloselywiththesespecialathletes★與...關(guān)系親密/離...近becloseto...★親密的朋友closefriends[典型例題]()1.Helives_____tome,soweoftenwork_____witheachother.A.closely;closelyB.closely;closeC.close;closeD.close;closely()2.Thevisitorscame_____andstoppedtolookattheexhibits_____.A.closely;closelyB.closely;closeC.close;closeD.close;closely實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到v.achieve=realize→三單：s→▲過去式：d→▲現(xiàn)分：achieving→▲過分：d成就n.achievement★實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想achieve/realizeone’sdream=makeone’sdreametrue達(dá)到平衡achieveabalance血不可n.blood血型bloodtype/group驗(yàn)血makeabloodtest*O型血bloodtype/groupO西南方n.&adj.&adv.southwest西北方n.&adj.&adv.northwest項(xiàng)目，工程；課題可n.project(a/s)區(qū)分：話題；主題可n.subject(a/s)★一個(gè)志愿者項(xiàng)目avolunteerproject引言，介紹n.introduction★(an/s)介紹v.introduce→三單：s→▲過去式：d→現(xiàn)分：introducing→▲過分：d形近詞區(qū)分：指示（，說明書）n.instruction信息n.information樂器；儀器n.instrument采訪，會(huì)見，面試n.interview邀請(qǐng)n.invitation教育n.education智力的adj.intellectual國際的adj.international幫助，伸出援助之手（短語）giveahelpinghand帶*號(hào)殘疾的adj.disabled智力的adj.intellectual（容易和disability意思混淆）自信的adj.confident比較級(jí)：more~最高級(jí)：themost~信心不可n.confidence★對(duì)某人有信心beconfident/haveconfidenceinsb.對(duì)某事有信心beconfident/haveconfidencein/ofsth.對(duì)做某事有信心beconfident/haveconfidenceindoingsth.對(duì)...有信心beconfident＋that從句失去/缺乏信心lose/lackconfidence一對(duì)一的/地adj.&adv.onetoone/oneonone★一對(duì)一地做他們的工作dotheirworkonetoone★★★一場(chǎng)一對(duì)一的比賽aonetoonegame志愿做，義務(wù)做v.volunteer→三單：s→過去式：ed→現(xiàn)分：ing→過分：ed&志愿者，義務(wù)工作者可n.7BU2volunteer(a/s)*自愿的adj.voluntary★志愿/義務(wù)做某事volunteertodosth.捐獻(xiàn)v.donate→三單：s→▲過去式：d→現(xiàn)分：donating→▲過分：d捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)不可n.donation捐贈(zèng)物可n.donation(a/s)★獻(xiàn)血donateblood★把某物捐給某人donatesth.tosb.募集某物給某人raisesth.forsb.[典型例題]()1.Themanneedsustodonateblood___him,butwedon’thaveenough.Canyouhelpraiseblood___him?A．to,to B．to,for C．for,for D．for,to成年人可n.★(an/s)&成年的；成人的adult成年生活adultlife成人教育adulteducation成人電影adultmovies(運(yùn)動(dòng))比賽項(xiàng)目；大事可n.event★(an/s)運(yùn)動(dòng)員可n.athlete★(an/s)機(jī)構(gòu)；組織可n.organization★(an/s)★組織v.organize→三單：s→▲過去式：d→現(xiàn)分：organizing→▲過分：d*有條理的adj.organized組織某人的想法organizeone’sideas手術(shù)可n.operation★(an/s)做手術(shù)v.operate→三單：s→▲過去式：d→現(xiàn)分：operating→▲過分：d★給某人做手術(shù)do/performanoperationonsb.=operateonsb.缺陷，障礙可n.disability★(—/disabilities)常用復(fù)數(shù)★★★天生具有智力缺陷bebornwithintellectualdisabilities*身體缺陷physicaldisabilities區(qū)分：能力n.ability★(an/abilities)殘疾的adj.disabled能夠的adj.able★不能的adj.unable★不可能的adj.impossible★(不)能夠做某事be(un)abletodosth.慈善；慈善機(jī)構(gòu)n.charity★(a/charities)區(qū)分：機(jī)構(gòu)；組織可n.organization★(an/s)疾病可n.disease=illness(a/s)一種嚴(yán)重的血液病aseriousblooddisease心臟病heartdisease幸存者可n.survivor(a/s)地震幸存者earthquakesurvivors幸存v.survive9AU4→三單：s→▲過去式：d→現(xiàn)分：surviving→▲過分：d教材英文釋義總結(jié)★volunteer(offertohelpwithoutgettingpaid)confident(besuretodobetter)spare(whenthey’renotworkingorbusy)special(differentfromothers)gold(firstprize)achieve(makesth.etrue)重要短語、句子icstrips—Weletotheunit部分對(duì)志愿者來說，為奧運(yùn)會(huì)做一些事情是有意義的。It’smeaningfulforthevolunteerstodosomethingfortheOlympics.我在工作中需要更多的食物吃。Ineedsomemorefoodtoeatatwork.政府通常為無家可歸的人提供特殊的場(chǎng)所來居住。Usuallythegovernmentprovidesspecialplacesforthehomelesstostay.公共場(chǎng)所有一些針對(duì)殘疾人的特殊設(shè)計(jì)。Therearesomespecialdesignsinpublicplacesforthedisabled.許多大企業(yè)每年花很多錢幫助處于困境中的人。Manybigbusinessesspendalotofmoneyhelpingpeopleinneedeveryyear.Reading部分（p8081全文背誦、默寫）譯文為特奧會(huì)做志愿工作1.當(dāng)劉明為2007年10月在上海舉辦的夏季特奧會(huì)做志愿工作時(shí)，他不知道能期待什么。2.現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)為那是他人生中最令人驚奇的經(jīng)歷。3.“作為一名志愿者去工作是很棒的！”他說。4.特奧會(huì)給有智力缺陷的孩子和成年人一個(gè)向全世界展示他們的技能的機(jī)會(huì)。5.它們包括許多與奧運(yùn)會(huì)類似的比賽項(xiàng)目，比如籃球、足球和游泳。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài)）6.4萬多人為了特奧會(huì)放棄了他們的空閑時(shí)間。7.對(duì)這些志愿者來說，在做工作之前接受培訓(xùn)是有必要的。8.然后，他們?yōu)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員提供支持，幫助本場(chǎng)賽事取得巨大的成功。9.“我是李海的游泳教練，他是一個(gè)來自華北地區(qū)的年輕男孩，”劉明說。10.“他天生具有智力缺陷。11.對(duì)他來說，能參加競(jìng)賽很勇敢。12.于李海而言，最重要的事情不是贏得金牌或銀牌，而是參加（比賽）。13.李海盡了他最大的努力并取得了第四名。14.由于特奧會(huì)，他現(xiàn)在感覺更自信了。”15.特奧會(huì)也讓人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。感覺就像一個(gè)大家庭的一份子。17.“對(duì)我們來說，和這些特殊運(yùn)動(dòng)員們密切合作是很棒的。18.你有機(jī)會(huì)幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想，”劉明說。Grammar部分（無）Integratedskills部分住在遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊liveinvillagesfaraway朱迪(Judy)認(rèn)為對(duì)大學(xué)生來說多了解中國的貧困地區(qū)很有意義。JudythinksitismeaningfulforcollegestudentstolearnmoreaboutthepoorareasofChina.他們?nèi)ソ棠莾旱暮⒆觽円埠苡袔椭tisalsohelpfulofthemtoteachthechildrenthere.以這種方式，他們可以幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝烁纳扑麄兊纳?。Inthisway,theycanhelpthelocalpeopleimprovetheirlives.節(jié)約我們的零花錢saveourpocketmoney在公共汽車上給老人讓座很好。It’sgoodtogiveourseatsonthebustotheelderly.Studyskills部分（無）Task部分（p90全文背誦、默寫）譯文1.第二中學(xué)一名九年級(jí)的學(xué)生需要我們的幫助。2.這名學(xué)生名叫肖偉。3.自上個(gè)月以來他就生病住院了。4.醫(yī)生說他得了一種嚴(yán)重的血液病。5.一場(chǎng)手術(shù)可能會(huì)挽救他，但是手術(shù)費(fèi)要花30多萬。6.肖偉的父母都是都是農(nóng)民。7.他們沒有足夠的錢支付那樣的手術(shù)。8.然而，對(duì)于肖偉來說，盡可能快地做手術(shù)很重要。9.否則，他可能會(huì)失去生命。10.我正在寫信向你們求助。11.請(qǐng)捐款吧。12.人多力量大。13.如果我們所有人都伸出援助之手，他可能會(huì)很快康復(fù)。14.非常感謝你們的幫助。語言點(diǎn)時(shí)間順序timeorder/空間順序spaceorder/總分generaltospecific/分總specifictogeneral[典型例題]()1．Thebestwaytowrite“Mydreamhome”istowrite________.A．intimeorderB．fromgeneraltospecificC．inspaceorderD．fromspecifictogeneral()2．Ifyoushowsomevisitorsaroundyourschool,you’llmostprobablytalkbythemethodof________.A．spaceorder B．timeorder C．generaltospecific D．specifictogeneral()3．Lookatthetextinthebox.Thewriterorganizesideas________.IhadagoodtimeinBeijing.First,IvisitedtheGreatWallandtookalotofpicturesthere.Then,IwenttoTian’anmenSquare.Onthethirdday,IwenttoBeijingHutong.Peopletherewereveryfriendly.A．intimeorderB．fromgeneraltospecificC．inspaceorderD．fromspecifictogeneral()4．—IfIwanttowriteaboutgoodreadinghabits,whatmethodshouldIuse?—Youcanuse____.Thatmeansyouhavetogiveageneralstatementfirst,andthenusespecificinformationtosupportit.A．TimeorderB．SpaceorderC．GeneraltospecificD．Specifictogeneral()5．LookatthefollowingwritingontheSpringFestival.Thewriterorganizesideas________.TheSpringFestivalisanimportantholiday.Familymembersgettogether.PeoplelikewatchingtheSpringFestivalGala.Childrengetredpacketsandhavelotsoffun.A．intimeorderB．fromspecifictogeneralC．inspaceorderD．fromgeneraltospecific()6.Whilewriting,Icanusethe“_______”methodifIusesomethingspecialtoleadtomymainideas.A.timeorder B.spaceorder C.generaltospecific D.specifictogeneral指示代詞that指代上文的可n.單/不可n.，those指代上文的可n.復(fù)。[典型例題]()1.—TheweatherinHeilongjiangismuchcolderthan_______inGuangdong.—Yes.That’swhythestudentsinHeilongjianghavealongerwinterholidaythan_______inGuangdong.A.that;thatB.those;thoseC.that;thoseD.those;that()2.TheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamesincludemanyeventssimilarto_______intheOlympics.itB.themC.thatnotAbutB“不是A而是B”作主語謂v.的數(shù)取決于B[典型例題]()1．NotAmybutthetwins____________inthedancingroomeveryFridayevening.A．a(chǎn)reseendance B．a(chǎn)reseendancing C．isseentodance D．a(chǎn)reseentodance()2．NotmyfatherbutI________goodatplayingbasketball.A．a(chǎn)m B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．be()3.Tothem,themostimportantthingis_____makemuchmoney_____gettogether.notto;butB.not;butC.not;buttoD.notto;butto()4.Totheparentsofleftbehindchildren,themostimportantthingis___makemuchmoneybut____together.A．tonot;toget B．notto;getting C．not;toget D．notto;toget[總結(jié)]設(shè)一個(gè)主語為A，另一個(gè)主語為B，則有：A(together/along)withBA和BAAaswellasBA還有BAexceptBA除了BnotAbutB不是A而是BBnotonlyAbut(also)B不僅A而且BeitherAorB不是A就是B,或者A或者B，要么A要么BneitherAnorB既不(是)A也不(是)BwhetherAorB無論A還是BbothAandBA和B都A和BAandBA和B★★★做某事(不)費(fèi)勁have(no)difficulty/trouble/problemswithsth.=have(no)difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doingsth.★★★為某人提供某物providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.=offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.★★★給某人某物givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.★★★名列第四(3種)finishedfourth=camefourth=took/got(the)fourthplace第一first第二second第三third第五fifth★感覺像做某事feellikedoingsth.★想要做某事feellikedoingsth.=wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.★不再...(3種)not...anymore=not...anylonger=nolonger=nomore★喪命(2種)loseone’slife=die★得到酬勞getpaid★康復(fù)getwellagain★早在1978年backin1978★從事...工作workas＋職業(yè)一點(diǎn)也不...(2種)not...atall=notabit...一定做某事besuretodosth.區(qū)分：確保做某事makesuretodosth.處于困境中的inneed需要...inneedof...引起；導(dǎo)致；通向leadto數(shù)詞＋more＋n.=another＋數(shù)詞＋n.四、語法1、★(對(duì)某人來說，)(不)做某事是非品質(zhì)adj.Itis＋非品質(zhì)adj.＋(forsb.)＋(not)todosth.=Todo/doingsth.is＋非品質(zhì)adj.＋(forsb.)e.g.對(duì)我來說，幫助他是必須的。Itisnecessaryformetohelphim.=Tohelp/Helpinghimisnecessaryforme.2、★某人(不)做某事真是太品質(zhì)adj.了Itis＋品質(zhì)adj.＋ofsb.＋(not)todosth.=sb.is＋品質(zhì)adj.＋todosth.e.g.他參加比賽真是太勇敢了。Itisbraveofhimtotakepartinthepetition.=Heisbravetotakepartinthepetition.3、教材中的品質(zhì)adj.:★nice/★wrong/★good/★kind/wise/polite/brave/careless/clever/bad/helpful[典型例題]()1.★It’sverynice________you________myparentsyourbestwishes.A．of,tosendB．of,sendingC．for,tosendD．for,sending()2.★It’snice________youtoprovidet