七選五閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)策略(內(nèi)在邏輯)(原卷版)2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題大題微技能精析精練(新高考版)

16七選五閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)策略(內(nèi)在邏輯)【策略精講】策略1：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用、同義詞和近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同一范疇詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。英語的線性思維表現(xiàn)為第一句話的賓語往往是第二句的主語，或者前后句有相同或重疊的詞語。這種前后句語義的銜接常以句子中關(guān)鍵詞(組)(常為名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞)的同義詞(組)、近義詞(組)或反義詞(組)復(fù)現(xiàn)的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。解題時(shí)可以利用這些詞(組)作為解題線索?！镜淅治觥?2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)37__38__Ifyouworkoutinthemornings，thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday，notinyoursleep.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise，youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly，oryou’redoingitnow，thenlistenup!【分析】37題本段的主旨是“晨練能提高你的效率”。E項(xiàng)“鍛煉之后的4－10小時(shí)內(nèi)，你都能讓自己頭腦清醒”進(jìn)一步說明了鍛煉的好處，符合此處的語境。E項(xiàng)中的exercise是上句中Exercising的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。38題這一段說的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來的好處。F項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞“throughouttheday”與文中的“thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。策略2：代詞指代法英語表達(dá)中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞主要是為避免重復(fù)，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有時(shí)也用于指代前面提到的名詞或概念。代詞指代一定要注意兩種情況，一是選項(xiàng)中的代詞要特別關(guān)注，二是挖空后面的句子中的代詞要特別關(guān)注。巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系可以有效地幫助我們做出正確的選擇?！镜淅治觥?2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)__38__Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill，however，probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes，becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome，peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39.This__isn’t__usual__though.B．Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C．Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D．Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts，keeptheminasafeplace.【分析】空格后的this是關(guān)鍵信息詞。根據(jù)空后一句“Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved”可知，在喬遷聚會(huì)時(shí)供應(yīng)的食物不多，由此可判斷出this是指帶食物去參加聚會(huì)，你也可以帶食物或飲料與其他客人分享符合語境。策略3：邏輯關(guān)系法文章由段落組成，圍繞中心話題展開。各段、句之間形成一定的語義邏輯關(guān)系，有總分、解釋、例證、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、因果等關(guān)系。七選五解題攻略之一就是要理清這些關(guān)系，并據(jù)此選出正確答案。（1）總分關(guān)系文章由段落組成，圍繞中心話題展開?！翱偡纸Y(jié)構(gòu)法”中的“總”是指文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，出現(xiàn)在文章的首和尾；“分”是指文章內(nèi)容的具體展開，它實(shí)際上是文章的主體部分。一篇文章在總體布局上，可以先總后分，也可以先分后總，還可以先總后分再總，它們通常都稱作“總分結(jié)構(gòu)法”?！镜淅治觥?2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome：thesmallones，themediumones，andthelargeones.__38__．They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows，mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa，smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas，dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Color__choices__in__this__range__are__a__step__up__from__the__small__ones__in__two__major__ways.Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones，andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls，ceilings，andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint，thetime，effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.So__it__pays__to__be__sure，because__you__want__to__get__itright__the__first__time.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou’relookingforC．Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithE．It’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces【分析】文中出現(xiàn)了“thesmallones，themediumones，andthelargeones”，后面又提到了“smallcolorchoices”，由此可知空處所在段主要在講“thesmallones”。故選D。（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：but，however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，onthecontrary，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still，incontrast/parison，byparison等?！镜淅治觥?2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)__40__Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.A．Freshaircleansourlungs.B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C．Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.【分析】空格后一句說，雖然陽光會(huì)使我們的皮膚衰老并受到傷害，但陽光也能帶來有益的維生素D，這應(yīng)該與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故空格處應(yīng)填呼吸新鮮空氣附帶的好處，因此D項(xiàng)“呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)附帶好處是陽光”符合語境，D項(xiàng)中的sunlight與空格后的thesun’srays相呼應(yīng)。故選D。（3）例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：forexample，forinstance，infact/asamatteroffact，actually，inotherwords/thatistosay等?！镜淅治觥?7__Herearesomeexamples.AttheWolcottHotel，ifawake－upcallisunanswered，theywillsendanemployeetoyourdoor.AtLasVentanasalParaiso，anemployeeshowsupatyourroomtowakeyouupwithtea，coffeeandbreakfastbread.AttheMandarinOriental，apersonratherthananautomatedsystemwillcalltowakeyouup.E．Thehotelgets15to30requestsforwake－upcallseachday.F．Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.G．Someguestssleepthroughthecall，whileothersturntheirphoneringersoff.【分析】由17空之后的“Herearesomeexamples...”可知前后是例證關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面舉的例子可知應(yīng)該選擇F項(xiàng)“Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.”（4）解釋關(guān)系從邏輯意義上來看，句子與句子之間常常是解釋關(guān)系，往往作者提出觀點(diǎn)，緊接著對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋說明。因此，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清作者所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要?！镜淅治觥?2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)__39__Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.【分析】此處缺少一個(gè)主題句。空后句子解釋了早起鍛煉的人比晚上鍛煉的人睡得更好。所選答案應(yīng)是對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。（5）對(duì)比關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的對(duì)比比較，則空格處很有可能表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：while，ifnot，some...others等?！镜淅治觥?2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)20__Ifnot，takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.E．Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking，keepitup.F．Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake－uptime，nomattertheday.G．Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.【分析】考查前后句的連貫。本段談到對(duì)自己所做的計(jì)劃要記錄、評(píng)價(jià)和調(diào)整。本空后的“Ifnot”說明前面是討論計(jì)劃有效就應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持，因此選E。（6）因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：so，therefore，thus，consequently(結(jié)果)，asaresult(of)，so/such...that...，sothat...等?！镜淅治觥?2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)18__A．Dotheopposite.B．Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C．Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.【分析】根據(jù)上文中的“So，don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.”可知，當(dāng)你犯錯(cuò)時(shí)不要停止演講，除非是非常嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。據(jù)此可以推知，空處承接上文，說明犯小錯(cuò)誤無需道歉，故C項(xiàng)正確。（7）并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：similarly，and，first(ly)，second(ly)，first，then/next，finally/last，tobeginwith，foronething，foranotherthing等?！镜淅治觥?2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)19__Andlikeeverythingelseinlife，thattakespractice.Remember，evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.B．Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C．Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D．Whenitestopublicspeaking，lessisusuallymore.【分析】根據(jù)上文中的“Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.”可知，你的目標(biāo)不是成為一個(gè)完美的演說家。據(jù)此可知，空處與此對(duì)應(yīng)，說明自己的目標(biāo)是要成為高效的演說家，故選B項(xiàng)?！静呗跃殹?Twowaymunicationisaprocessbywhichtwopeopleorgroupsareabletomunicatewitheachotherinareciprocal（相互的）way.Thismeansthatonepersonorgroupexpressesanidea,whichisreceivedbytheotherpersonorgroup.1Thebasicideabehindtwowaymunicationisthattherearetwopartiesinvolvedandeachoneisabletoexpressitselfandreceiveinformationfromtheother.2Radioortelevisionissuchanexample.3Facetofacecontactoccursastwoormorepeoplearegatheredtogetherwithinthesamespaceandcantalktoeachotherdirectly.Usingthetelephonetopromotetwowaymunicationcanbequiteeffective.Letters,emailsandtextmessagesalsocanbeuseful.Inmarketingorpublicrelations,therearetwobasicprocessesthatareoftenreferredtoastwowaymunication.Asymmetric（不對(duì)稱的）municationoccursbetweentwoparties.4Thisistypicallyusedwhenalargepanyexpressesdifferentideastothegeneralpublic.Symmetrictwowaymunication,ontheotherhand,occursbetweentwopartiesthatareequalswithintheprocess.Apanyusesittoallowcustomerstoprovidefeedback（反饋）.5Besides,it’salsobeneficialtothepany.A.Thiskindofmunicationhastwoforms.B.Thisoftenallowsthecustomertofeelmorepowerful.C.Oneofthemhasmore“control”overtheprocess.D.Therearedifferentwayspeoplejoinintwowaymunication.E.Thereceiverreturnswithamessagethatisthenreceivedbythespeaker.F.Ateacherusesittoencouragestudentstoputforwardtheirdifferentopinions.G.Thisisincontrasttomunicationinwhichonlyonepartyisabletoexpressitself.2Therewasoncealonelygirlwholongedsomuchforlove.Onedaywhileshewaswalkinginthewoodsshefoundtwostarvingbirds.6Shecaredthemwithloveandthebirdsgrewstrong.Everymorningtheygreetedherwithawonderfulsong.Thegirlfeltthegreatlovefromthebirds.7.Thelargerandthestrongerofthetwobirdsflewfromthecage.Thegirlwassofrightenedthathewouldflyaway.Asheflewclose,shegraspedhimwildly.Herheartfeltgladathersuccessincapturinghim.8.Sheopenedherhandandstaredinhorroratthedeadbird.Herdesperatelovehadkilledhim.Shenoticedtheotherbirdmovingbackandforthontheedgeofthecage.Shecouldfeelhisgreatneedforfreedom.Heneededtoflyintotheclear,bluesky.9.Thebirdcircledonce,twice,threetimes.Thegirlwatcheddelightedlyatthebird’senjoyment.10.Shewantedthebirdtobehappy.Suddenlythebirdflewcloserandlandedsoftlyonhershoulder.Itsangthesweetestsongsthatshehadeverheard.Thefastestwaytoloseloveistoholdonittootight,whilethebestwaytokeeploveistogiveitwings!A.Herheartwasnolongerconcernedwithherloss.B.Shegavethemsomedeliciousfoodandleft.C.Onedaysheleftwiththetwobirdsathomealone.D.Shetookthemhomeandputtheminasmallcage.E.Sheliftedhimfromthecageandthrewhimsoftlyintotheair.F.Onedaythegirlleftthedoorofthecageopen.G.Suddenlyshefeltthebirdgosoftly.3Musicisoftentargetedatteenagers.Becauseteenagersgothroughbigchangesandstartmakinglifeaffectingdecisionsintheirteens,peoplenaturallywonderwhateffectsmusichasonteenagers.Doesitleadtoviolence?Helptestscores?Teachthemvaluablelessons?11Musiccanhelpstudentsimproveacademicperformance.Studyingmusicinvolvesmathandscience,sostudentsoftenimproveintheseareas.12Accordingtoareport,studentswhotookpartinmusicperformancescored41pointshigherinmaththanthosewhodidnottakepartinmusicperformance.Beingateenagercanberoughemotionally.Musicisanespeciallyemotionalartformcoveringeverytypeofemotion.13Asmusicisawaytoexpressemotions,manyteenagersmighttrytomaketheirownmusic,whichcancreatehealthyemotionalexpression.14Thus,listeningtomusiccanteachteenagersalotabouttheirowncultureandothercultures.Theycanlearnmusicaltraditions,musicalinstruments,historylessonsandmore.Plus,aslisteningtomusicisafunactivity,thiscanoftenbeamoreinterestingwaytolearnaboutaculture,ratherthansimplyreadingatextbook.Musictastesandinterestscanoftenbringpeopletogether,especiallyteenagers.15Aswell,musicisoftenenjoyedatconcertsanddanceclubswhereteenagersoftenhangout.Typically,thepeopleattendingtheseconcertsanddanceclubsalreadyshareamoninterest,soaconnectioncanbeeasilymade.A.Musicisoftenrelatedwithculture.B.Thisimprovementcanbenefitthemintests.C.Musicgreatlyimprovesteenagers,learningabilities.D.Whiletherearenegativeeffects,therearemanypositiveeffects,too.E.Iftheycanfindasongthatmatchestheirmood,theywillfeelfortable.F.Rapmusicpresentsanewvocabularyteenagerswon'tlearninanEnglishclassG.Twoteenagerswholikethesamestyleofmusicareeasilytostartupafriendship.4Noonecanbefreefromthesickeningstressandanxietyfromtimetotime.Noteventhathappygoluckyguyyouseewalkingdownthestreetwhistling“AlwaysLookontheBrightSideofLife”,sincetheyareapartofthelife.16.Listedhereareprovenwaystocontrolstressandanxiety.BreatheTakingalonganddeepbreathtocalmyourselfinstressfulsituationsisn’tjustoneofthoseoldwives’tales.17.Doctorssaythatslow,deepbreathingcaneffectivelycooldowntheangrybloodthat’srunningaroundyourbody,allowingyourbrainandbodytoreturntotheirnormalfunctions.WalkManyhearsaytechniquesfordealingwithstressoftenraiseafeweyebrows.Butawholehostofscientificevidenceexiststosuggestthatwalkingisoneofthebestmethodsavailable.Ifyou’reeverfeelingthetensionbuildingupinyourbrainandbody,dropeverythingandsimplygoforawalk.18.Suchanicewalkprovidesyourbodywithanidealoutletforthebuildupofenergythatstresscancreate.Laugh19.Butifyouareabletosqueezeouteventhesmallestlaughduringyourday,you’llsoonbegintofindthattheeffectsofstressslowlyslipaway.Whenyoulaugh,thebodyreleaseshappyhormonesthateasetensionbroughtonbystress.FriendsSurroundingyourselfwiththepeopleyoulovecanbehalfthebattletodefeatingstress.Whenyouarestressed,evensittingathomewithacupofteawithafriendcanreallyhelptorelievehighlevelsofstressasitfocusesyourmindontosomethingyoulove.Don’thesitatetoreachforthephoneandringyourfriendswheneveryoufeelstressed.20.A.Afterall,that’swhatfriendsareforB.SoyourfriendswillfeelrelievedsoonC.It’samedicallyprovenstressrelieftechniqueD.WhatcanbedoneistofindwaystodealwiththemE.RemindyourselftowalkslowlyandbreathenormallyF.HeartylaughsallowyoutofeelhappyandhealthyagainG.Ifyou’restressed,thelastthingyouprobablyfeellikedoingislaughing5Yourvaluesareyourbeliefsaboutwhat'srightandwrongandwhat'simportantinlife.21Also,theycanbelearnedthroughwatchingyourfamilyandhearingtheirdiscussionsaboutthingsthey'reinterestedin.22

Whenyouknowyourvaluesandmakechoicesthatareinagreementwiththem,lifesuddenlybeeseasier.Afterall,discoveringyourvaluescanmakeimportantdecisions,likeacceptingjobormakingabigchange,mucheasier.

it'snecessarytofindoutourpersonalvalues.Toachievethis,youcan

startwithwhatyoualreadyknowaboutyourself.

23Forexample,ifit'smorallyimportantforyoutoarriveatyourworkplaceintimeandfocusonyourwork,it'llbetruethatbeinganhonestandefficientemployeeisavalueyoucarry.What'smore,yourownexperienceswillbeyourbesttoolinrealizingwhat'svaluabletoyou.24Whywereyousopleased?Thinkaboutwhenyouwereproudofyourselfandwhyyoufeltthatpride.Besides,don'tbeafraidtolookahead:whatvaluesdoyouwanttotoyourfriends?25

Onceyou'vedeterminedwhatyourvaluesare,it'simportanttolooktothemeverydayandlivebythemtocreateyourbestlife.A.Wemakedecisionsbasedonourvalueseveryday.B.Ifyouwantotherstovalueit,itisvaluabletoyouC.Someofthesevaluesaredevelopedinyourchildhood.D.Yourvalueshelpdeterminewhatyoutrulywantoutoflife.E.Forexample,thinkbacktoatimewhenyouwerethehappiest.F.Afterall,yourvalueshaveadirectimpactonyourstandardsofbehavior.G.Bepatientwithyourselfanddevotethetimetodiscoveringyourvalues.6Asasenioryearstudent,youmayhavesomanypressuresingfromsomanydirectionsthatyoucan’tfigureoutwhattodofirst.26Whenyouhavemanythingstodoandalotofdemandsonyourtime,youcanlosesightofwhat’simportant.Oneofthebestwaystoseethebigpicture–whatyouwantoutoflife–istolayoutyourgoals.PressurePointsandHowtoDealWithThemConfusedoroverwhelmed27.Discussyourconcernswithafriend,parentorteacher.Theymayhelpyoufindsolutionstoyourproblemsandworries.Beingtoohardonyourself–easeup,takeabreakanddosomethingyouenjoy.Daydream,readabook,gooutwithfriends–anythingthathelpsyourelax.Problems,problems,problems–recognizeyourlimits.It’stoostressfultotryto

dealwithallyourproblemsatonce.28GoalSettingTipsIt’simportanttorememberthatgoalsbelongtoyou–nottoyourparents,yourteachers,oryourfriends.Afteryou’vesetyourgoals,identifytheskillsyouhavetoachievethosegoals.29,dosomeresearch.Trythelibrary,yourguidanceadviserandteachers,andotherpeoplewhocouldhelpyou.30.Ifyourgoalissomethingyounolongerwant,changeit.Identifythebarrierstogettingyourgoals.Considerwaystooverethem.Don’tgetdepressedbyabig,longtermgoal–seewhatstepsyoucantaketoachieveitandsetthosestepsdownasshortterm,“doable”goals.A.ToomuchtodoB.Ifyou’renotsurewhatskillsyou’llneedC.talktosomeoneyoutrustD.GoalsexisttoserveyouE.BalancinggoalsinlifeF.Choosewhat’smosturgentandsetasidetherestuntillaterG.Aslongasyouknowwhatskillisimportantandwhatisn’t7Whileyouarestudyingorworkingabroad,sharinganapartmentwithpeoplefromotherculturesisagreatwayofgettingthemostoutofaperiodofthebeginning.31Herearesometipstomaketheprocessgosmoother.Startbybeingawareofyourownculture,valuesandattitudes.Understandthatpeoplewhohavenotgrownupinthesamecountryorcontextasyoucansometimestranslatesomeofyourbehaviorinthewrongway.Toavoidthis,seekadvicefromyourfriendsandfamilytofindoutmoreaboutwhattypeofpersonyouare32Youmightalsoconsiderconductingalittleresearchaboutwhattypeofstereotypes(成見)otherculturesmightholdaboutthepeopleofyourowncountry33Nowthatyouknowthatpeoplearealldifferent,beunderstandingwhenyougettoknowthem,Trytobeopenmindedsothatyoucanstartoffontherightfoot.Thiswillpromotemunicationwiththem.Togettoknoweachotherbetter,plantospendsometimedoingwhateachofyoulikestodoinyoursparetime.Youcancookmealstogether,goouttothetown,listentomusic,takeaweekendtripandplansomeboardgames.Moreover,theotherpersonmightbefromaplacewherePeopledonotusuallydotheseactivities.Theopportunitiestolearnfromeachotherareendless,34Peoplearemoresimilarthanyouthinkmostofthetime.Wegrowupinsuchalargeworldwithsomuchinformationeverywhereandsometimeswecanbemisledintothinkingsomethingthatweshouldnotbelieve,butwehavetheopportunitytomakeupourownminds.35Youdon’tknowwherepeopleefromandwhattheirstoryis.A.Sobekind.B.Beunderstandingandpatient.C.Thisisasituationtowhichitwilltakesometimetoadapt.D.butsometimesitcantakesomeinitiativetoactuallymakeithappen.E.andwhatyoumighteacrosswhenitestopeoplewhodon'tknowyou.F.Andthisiswhatyoumayencounter.G.Don’tbeshy.8Beinghonestmaynotgetyoualotoffriends,butitwillgetyoutherightones.That’strue,soyoushouldpursueauthenticpositivityinyourfriendships,theoppositeoftoxic(有毒的)positivitythatwouldhaveyouencouragingfriendsinallthings,regardlessofwhatyoumightfeelorobserveorknowaboutthechallengesoflife.361.Askquestions.Afeatureofauthenticpositivityisacuriousmindset,amentalitywhereyouarelesslockedinto“tellingitlikeitis”andmoreinterestedinwonderingandexploringthepossibilitiestogetherwithyourfriend.37Ifyourfriendshiphasahistoryofweleadvicegiving,yourquestioncouldbe“Areyoulookingforideas,ordoyoujustwantmetolisten?”2.38“That’ssodisappointing”issometimesthemostpositivethingyoucansaytoyourfriendwhentheyarestruggling.Resistingtheurgetosay“It’sallgoingtoworkout;don’tworry”showsyourfriendthatyouseethemintheirpain,andthatyouareavailabletosupportthemhereandnow.39Youcanuse“yes/and”statementslike“Whathappenedatworkissofrustrating—ANDIknowhowcreativeyouare,soyou’llfindawaytomoveforward.”3.Learntoapologize—andaskforanapology.40Thatincludesyou,too.Beingauthenticinafriendshipmeanshavingthefreedomtosaytoafriend,“I’msorryIhurtyou.”Italsomeansbeingabletosay,“Yourwords/actionshurtme.”Friendshipsthatstandthetestoftimehaveroomformistakes,andforrepair.A.Namehardtruths.B.Don’tdisappointyourfriend.C.Everyfriendmissesthemarksometimes.D.Instead,friendsshouldbeauthenticandpositive.E.Herearethreewaystobeanauthenticallypositivefriend.F.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyouneedtofocusonthenegativeallthetime.G.Positivefriendsaskeachotherquestions,andlistendeeplytotheanswers.9BarbecueisatraditionasoldastheUSitself.ThefirstpresidentoftheUS,GeorgeWashington,oncewroteaboutgoingtoalovelybarbecue.41Inthenorthernregion,theword"barbecue"means"cookingsomethingonagrill''.Itcouldbeburgers,hotdogsorpotatoes.InNorthCarolina,barbecuemeans“smokedporkshoulder",42IfIcrossedthebordertoSouthCarolina,I'dseethemsmokeanentirepiginaholeintheground.Inthewesternhalfofthestate,folkspreferasweetandsourbarbecuesaucemadewithketchup,whilepeopleintheeasternhalflikeasaucemadeofboiledvinegar.WeusedtotravelaroundtheUS,givingsamplestothepublic.ButsomepeopleinLumbertonrefusedthefreesamples.43Oneguyevenstoodaroundtoarguewithus.44

Whenmybrothergotmarried,wecelebratedwithbarbecue.WhenIgraduatedfromschool,wecelebratedwithbarbecue.WhenIgohometovisitmyfriendsandfamily,wecelebratewithbarbecue.Butit'snotjustmyfamily.Atchurches,schools,officesandhouseparties,barbecueisthefirst,thingmanypeoplethinkofwhenweneedtofeedasmanyas50people.45Itmeansgettingoutofdoors,ingoodweather,toeatwithyourfriendsandgoodneighbors.Whetherwearefromabigcityoratinytown,peopleintheUScanagreeononething:Welovebarbecuewhateverthatis.A.ButpeopleintheUSargueaboutalmostanythingB.Theywereupsetthatthesaucewasn'tyellow.C.Wehaveourownbrandofbarbecuesauce.D.OtherplacesintheUShavedifferentideasofbarbecueE.Barbecuemeansmorethanjustmeat.F.ButAmericanscan'tagreeonwhatbarbecueis.G.Youcanprobablyseethatbarbecueisimportantinmyfamily.10Goingtoouterspaceisalittlelikegoingcamping.Youhavetocarrywithyouallthefoodandequipmentyouneedforyourtrip,soyourfoodcan’tbetooheavyorhardtoprepare.46Foodwithallthewaterdriedoutislightweightanddoesn’tspoil.So,manyspacefoodsaredriedonEarthandstoredinspecialpackets.OnEarth,gravityistheforcethatkeepsyourfeetonthegroundandyoursandwichonyourplate.47.Tokeepfoodfromfloatingaway,astronautsontheSpaceShuttleattachthepacketstoaspecialtray.Thetraycanbefixedtoawallortotheastronaut’slap.Topreparetheirfood,astronautsuseliquidformsofsaltandpepper.Theliquidstickstothefoodbetter.Regularsaltandpepperwouldfloataway,maybeupanastronaut’snose.Achoo!48.Soastronautsdrinkeverythingfromasmallbagwithastraw(飲料吸管)thatcanbeclosed.Astronautssaythatmostspacefoodstasteprettygood.Some,suchasapplesandpuddingarethesameasthefoodsyoueatonEarth.Astronautseattortillas(玉米粉圓餅)insteadofbreadbecausetheymakefewercrumbs(碎屑).49.YourbodyusesfoodinspacethesamewayitdoesonEarth.50.Duringtakeoffandlanding,astronautscan’tleavetheirseatstogotothebathroom.Theyweardiapers(尿布)undertheirspacesuitsinstead.TheSpaceShuttlehasabathroomthesizeofasmallcloset.Thetoilethasbarsthatkeepastronautsfromfloatingaway.Astrongflowofairisusedinsteadofwatertoflushwastedownthetoilet.BackonEarthit’sflushedaway—orsometimesstudiedbyscientists.A.Butthere’snogravityinspaceB.LiquidsfloatrightoutofcupsandglassesC.YourbodymustgetridofwasteinspacetooD.CrumbscannotbedealtwithinouterspaceE.Inaddition,everythingseemstobedifferentinouterspaceF.Besides,therearenorefrigeratorstokeepfoodcoldandfreshG.Withthemfloating,theycouldgetstuckinequipmentoranastronaut’seye11WhataediancanteachyouaboutmanagingstressWeoftenacceptstressaspartofthecostofmodernlife,butitreallydoesn’thavetobe.Weallknowthatlaughteristhebestmedicine.51Peoplewhocanlaughattheirownmisfortunesbouncebackfasterandstronger.Hereiswhataediansaysaboutcopingwithstress.Youcantrytofindadifferentperspective.52Onceafriendofminefellasleepinthemiddleofaclass.Histeacherdecidedtomakefunofhimbyinvitingstudentstoapplaud,wonderingwhethermyfriendwouldapplaudalongwhenhewokeup.Hedidandthewholeclassburstoutlaughing.Afterlearningeverything,hewasbothembarrassedandashamedofcoursebutafterawhile,myfriendlaughed.“Ifthishadhappenedtosomeoneelse,itwouldhavebeenamusing.Soit’snolessfunny,justbecauseithappenedtome.“53There’snodoubtthatweallexperiencegreatstressnowandthen.We’veallbeenpersonallyaffected,insomeway.YoumightnothavefeltlikelaughingatthetimeButnow,lookingback,youcouldconsiderallofthestrangeaspectsoftheexperienceandallofthethingsyoudidtokeepactiveorsimplystaysane(神志正常的).Whenyousharestorieswithyourfriends,youcanchoosetosharestoriesoftrauma(創(chuàng)傷)andpain,oryoucanchoosetolifttheirspiritswithstoriesofhopeandgrowth.54Taketheexactsamestoryandchangethefocusfrom“feelsorryforme”to“l(fā)aughwithme”.Keepinmindthatwe’reallinthistogether,thatweallsharethesameridiculousexperiences,andthatwecanlaughtogetheratwhateverlifethrowsatus.55A.Alwaysshareagoodstory.B.Whynotdowhatediansdo?C.Youcanalsolookagainandlaugh.D.Butlaughterdoesmorethancheeryouup.E.Thenyouareabletomakeasimplechoice.F.Inthisway.youwillsaygoodbyetostressforever.G.Ifyouhavetroubleseeingthefunnyside,youmayfindthefollowinginspiring.12Digitalt