牛津高中英語模塊四Unit 1 Grammar and usage課件

Unit1Unit1AdvertisingGrammarandusageDirectspeechandreportedspeech&Reportedspeech:statements,questionsandimperativesentences

Lookatthefollowingsentences:Tom:Whatareyougoingtodothissummerholiday?Amy:IamgoingtotraveltoBeijingwithmyparents.WarmingupNowtrytoanswer:WhatdidAmysay?AmysaidthatshewasgoingtotraveltoBeijingwithherparents.

DirectspeechandreportedspeechWhatisthedifferencebetweendirectspeechandreportedspeech?Directspeechistoreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaidwhilereportedspeechorindirectspeechistoreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingexactwords.Howcanwechangedirectspeechintoreportedspeech?Wecanchangedirectspeechintoreportedspeechbyusinganobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase.Forexample:Hesaid,‘I’musedtosuchembarrassingcomments.’Hesaidthathewasusedtosuchembarrassingcomments.‘Wemustnotgiveupinthefaceofpressure!’shesaid.Sheencouragedusnottogiveupinthefaceofpressure.Besidesthemajorchangesinsentencestructure,therearealsochangesin:PersonalpronounsTensesAdverbialsoftimeandplaceOthercasesPersonalpronouns:Shesaid,‘Ididsomeresearch.’Shesaidthatshehaddonesomeresearch.Annsaid,‘Ihavefinishedthisletter.’Annsaidthatshehadfinishedthatletter.DirectspeechReportedspeechSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefutureFutureinthepastSimplepastPastperfectHowtochangethetenses:DirectspeechReportedspeechPresentcontinuousPastcontinuousPresentperfectPastperfectPastperfectPastperfect‘Lighttravelsatagreatspeed,’saidMsLi.MsLisaidthatlighttravelsatagreatspeed.Tips:Wedonotchangethetensewhenwereport

aproverb

orafact

thatdoesn’tchangeovertime.Adverbialsoftimeandplace:e.g.Tomsaid,‘Iamworkingheretoday.’Tomsaidhewasworkingtherethatday.Thefollowingtableshowsotherexamples:DirectspeechReportedspeechtodaytomorrowyesterdaynextmonthaweekagothatday/yesterday,etc.thenextday/thefollowingday,etc.thedaybefore/thepreviousday,etc.themonthafter/thefollowingmonthaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.Othercases:Somemoreexamplesofthechanges:DirectspeechReportedspeechthisthesecomethatthosegoReadtheadvertisementandcompletetheletteronPage9.Answers:1._______2._______3._________4._______5._______6._________7._______8._______9.________10.______waswouldbehadreadthatwouldhadboughtthatwouldthoseherReportedspeech:

statements,questionsandimperativesentences1.StatementsWeusenounclausesintroducedbythat

toreportstatements.Thewordthatcanbeomitted.e.g.Shesaid(that)advertisementswerealmosteverywherenowadays.Therearemorereportingverbsotherthansayandtell:adviseexplaininsistpromiseannouncesuggestwarne.g.ThewriteexplainedthatPSAswereoftenrunforfree.Weusenounclausesintroducedbywhether/iftoreportyes/noquestions.e.g.MattaskedAnn,‘DoesJasondeservethisward?’MattaskedAnnwhether/ifJasondeservedthisaward.2.QuestionsWeusenounclausesintroducedbywh-wordstoreportwh-questions.e.g.‘Wheredidyoufindtheadvertisementsforjobsabroad?’Billasked.BillaskedwhereIhadfoundtheadvertisementsforjobsabroad.3.ImperativesentencesToreportimperativesentences,wecanusethestructure:reportingverb+object+(not)+toinfinitivee.g.Thecandidatesaidtothemanager,‘Pleasegivemefiveminutesforpreparation.’Thecandidateaskedthemanagertogivehimfiveminutesforpreparation.Thereareotherverbsthatcanbeusedinthisstructuretoreportimperativesentences:adviseencourageinviterecommendwarne.g.‘Don’tbelieveeveryadvertisementyouread,’Michellesaidtome.MichelleadvisedmenottobelieveeveryadvertisementIread.總結如果直接引語是一個陳述句，變成間接引語時用that引導，有時也可省略。

e.g.Shesaid,‘Father,theboyisverynaughtynow.’Shetoldherfather(that)theboywasverynaughtythen.2.如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。e.g.‘Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound,’shesaidtomeyesterday.Shetoldmethedaybeforethatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.3.如果直接引語中有明確表示過去的時間狀語，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不必變?yōu)檫^去完成時。e.g.Hesaid,‘Thegreatinventorwasbornin1884.’Hetoldmethatthegreatinventorwasbornin1884.4.如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時用whether/if引導，且用陳述句語序。e.g.Sheaskedme,‘Areyouthehappiestpersoninyourfamily?’Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwasthehappiestpersoninmyfamily.5.如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍用該特殊疑問詞，用陳述句語序。e.g.Sheaskedme,‘Whenwilltheadvertisementsbeonair?’Sheaskedmewhentheadvertisementswouldbeonair.6.轉述祈使句時使用該結構:轉述動詞(ask/tell/order/advise/remind/warn/insist/suggest/invite/encourage…)+賓語+(not)todoe.g.‘Goandseeadoctorafterclass,’myteachersaidtome.Myteacheradvisedmetogoandseeadoctorafterclass.ReadPartAonPage11andpracti