高中英語人教版一輪學案必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars主題:人與自然子話題:地球與宇宙奧秘探索對應教材:必修1Unit3Traveljournal;必修1Unit4Earthquakes;必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection;必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars;必修3Unit5Canada—“TheTrueNorth”重點單詞·巧記Ⅰ.核心單詞1.atmosphere n.大氣層;氣氛2.fundamental adj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的3.thus adv.因此;于是4.gentle adj.溫和的;文雅的5.climate n.氣候6.crash vi.&vt.碰撞;墜落7.pull n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力8.float vi.&vt.(使)浮動;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物9.system n.系統(tǒng);體系;制度10.theory n.學說;理論11.exist vi.存在;生存12.unlike prep.與……不同;不像Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.religionn.宗教;宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的2.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地;猛烈地3.harmfuladj.有害的→harmn.&v.傷害→harmlessadj.無害的4.existvi.存在;生存→existencen.存在;生存5.puzzlevi.&vt.(使)迷惑;(使)為難n.謎;難題→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的核心短語·閃記1.layeggs 下蛋

2.givebirthto 產(chǎn)生;分娩

3.inone’sturn 輪到某人;接著

4.watchoutfor 密切注意;當心;提防

5.cheerup 感到高興;感到振奮

6.dependon 依靠;取決于

7.breakout 突發(fā);爆發(fā)

8.prevent...from 阻止;制止9.blockout 擋住(光線)

10.nowthat 既然

經(jīng)典句式·速記1.【句型公式】:makeit+adj./n.+forsb.todo使某人做某事Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop(使生命的發(fā)展成為可能).

2.【句型公式】:(1)倍數(shù)+as+many/much+n.+as(2)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as(3)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than(4)倍數(shù)+thesize/length/height/depth/width+of...是……的多少倍ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearth(地球上的兩倍遠)andfellover.

1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③bansb.fromdoingsth.④keepsb.fromdoingsth.⑤discouragesb.fromdoingsth.2.“動詞+out”短語集錦①blockout擋住(光線)②breakout突發(fā);爆發(fā)③findout查出;弄明白 ④dieout滅絕⑤putout撲滅 ⑥r(nóng)unout用完⑦letout泄露;發(fā)出(聲音) ⑧eout出版Ⅰ.細品味經(jīng)典文章(2020·全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.CattleraisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.AgroupofseadwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiDr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.Ⅱ.按要求完成任務寫出文章中有關(guān)人類與環(huán)境的單詞和短語。evolution,adaptedto,adaptation,madealiving,underwater,naturalselection,physicalcharacteristics

Ⅰ.重點詞匯1.harmfuladj.有害的【教材原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(P26)許多科學家認為水的持續(xù)存在讓地球?qū)⒂泻Φ臍怏w和酸溶解到海洋中去?！驹~塊必記】(1)beharmfultosb./sth.對某人/某物有害【語境速測】單句語法填空①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone’shealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.一句多譯眾所周知,吃太多垃圾食品對你的健康有害。③Weallknowthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoyourhealth.

④Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfooddoesharmtoyourhealth.

句式升級(用what引導的主語從句改寫上面的句子)⑤Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoourhealth.

2.existvi.存在;生存【典型例句】Theproblemonlyexistsinyourhead,Jane.簡,這個問題不過是你的想象?！驹~塊必記】(1)existin 存在于……之中existon 靠……為生thereexist(s)... 某地有……;存在……(2)existence n.存在;生存eintoexistence 產(chǎn)生;成立;開始存在(3)existing adj.現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)行的【語境速測】單句語法填空①Hefindsithardtoexistonthemoneyhe’searning.②Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist).一句多譯農(nóng)業(yè)也存在著一些問題。③Problemsalsoexistinagriculture.

④Therealsoexistproblemsinagriculture.

⑤Therearealsoexistingproblemsinagriculture.

3.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使為難n.謎;難題【典型例句】Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他們?yōu)槭裁锤赡羌氯匀蛔屛屹M解?！驹~塊必記】(1)puzzleabout/over 冥思苦想;苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb. 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的;困惑的bepuzzledabout 對……迷惑不解(4)puzzling adj.令人困惑的【熟詞生義】Whiledoingextensivereading,youdon’thavetopuzzleovereverysinglewordorphraseinthepassage.在進行泛讀時,不用仔細琢磨文中的每個單詞或短語。(v.琢磨)【語境速測】單句語法填空①Shelostheartsinceshefailedtheexam,becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle).②Peoplehavelongpuzzledover/abouthowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.句式升級Youarepuzzledover/aboutit.ItisapuzzletomanyparentsinChina.(用what構(gòu)成復合句)③WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzletomanyparentsinChina.

【寫作金句】Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled.今天早上,當我走在街上,我看到兩位游客正在看地圖,看起來很困惑。Ⅱ.核心短語4.inone’sturn輪到某人【教材原句】Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.(P26)這樣,輪到他們,成為這個星球上最重要的動物?！驹~塊必記】inturn 依次;輪流;反過來byturns 輪流;交替地taketurnstodosth. 輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth. 輪到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat... 結(jié)果……【語境速測】單句語法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.

②Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.完成句子③I,inmyturn,becameembarrassedandtoldhertotakethemoneyback.

這下輪到我尷尬了,我告訴她把錢拿回去。Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式5.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

但當我試著向前邁步的時候,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠。步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠,因此我摔倒了。【句型公式】(1)倍數(shù)+as+many/much+n.+as(2)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as(3)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than(4)倍數(shù)+thesize/length/height/depth/width+of【名師點津】(1)表示“兩倍”時用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”表達。(2)此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分數(shù)、百分數(shù),half等其他程度狀語來表達。【語境速測】完成句子①Therearefivetimesasmanybooksinourlibraryasinyours.

我們圖書館里的書是你們圖書館里的五倍。②Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesasbigasthepreviousone.

我的學校已擴展成一所大學校,是之前的三倍大。③Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

電子垃圾的增長速度是傳統(tǒng)垃圾的三倍。【備選要點】1.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力【典型例句】Wethoughttheremightbesomethingwecoulddo,sowequicklypulledovertohelp.我們認為或許可以做些事情,因此我們快速地把車停在路邊去幫忙?！驹~塊必記】pullout 駛出;拔出;抽出;取出pulldown 摧毀;拉下來pullin 進站;吸入pullover 把……開到路邊;靠岸pullthrough 康復;渡過難關(guān)pullup 慢慢停(車)【語境速測】單句語法填空①Idecidedtopullupbehindthecarandfindoutwhatwasgoingon.②ThetrainfromShanghaiwillpullinatnoon.③Ashewashopelesslywanderingaroundthestation,thetrainpulledoutofthestation.④Luckily,Tomwasnotseriouslyinjured.Hepulledthroughafterstayinginbedfortwoweeks.2.intime及時;終于【典型例句】Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.常言道:“有志者事竟成”。我們的努力遲早會有所回報。【詞塊必記】innotime 立刻;馬上atnotime 決不(放在句首時,句子用部分倒裝)atatime 每次;一次atonetime 曾經(jīng);一度atthesametime 同時【語境速測】單句語法填空①Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.②Luckily,Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.③WereachedonthetopofMountTai,justintimetoenjoytherisingsun.句式升級Inmyview,youshouldatnotimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.④→Inmyview,atnotimeshouldyouloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.(倒裝句)

3.cheerup(使)高興;(使)振奮;感到高興;感到振奮【典型例句】WhenI’mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup.當我情緒低落的時候,媽媽就會給我講有趣的故事逗我開心。【詞塊必記】(1)cheersb.up 使某人振作起來cheersb.on (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵;為某人加油cheerfor 為……而歡呼(2)Cheers! [口語](用于祝酒)干杯!【語境速測】單句語法填空①Theygatheredroundtheswimmingpoolandcheeredheron.②Let’sgotothefootballgameandcheerforourfavoriteteam.完成句子③Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!

我真心希望她能振作起來,勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)!4.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.

這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應,使生命的發(fā)展成為可能?！揪湫凸健?1)makeit+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.(2)make+it+adj./n.+that從句(3)make+it+adj./n.+todo不定式(4)make+it+nogood/nouse/novalue...+doingsth.常用于這種句型的動詞還有:think,consider,find,feel等?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①IhaveagoodmandofEnglish,whichmakesiteasierformetofind(find)agoodjob.

②Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.③Iexplainedeverystepoftheprocessindetail,whichmadeitpossibleforthemtounderstandhowtomaketea.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful(harm)chemicalsingroundwater.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.3.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Andcontrarytoexisting(exist)researchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally(globe).5.(2020·江蘇高考)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthemitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable(prevent).Ⅱ.完成句子1.Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmfultoourhealth.

眾所周知,過量飲酒對我們的健康有害。(harmful)2.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.

無論他在哪里,早飯前散散步成為他的習慣(makeit+n.+todo...)3.LiMing’smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua’s,butthepricewastwiceasmuchasZhangHua’s.

李明的看起來和張華的一樣,但價格卻是他的兩倍。(倍數(shù)表達法)4.Thetyphoonwassoviolentthatitdestroyedmanycars,treesandevenhouses.

這次臺風太猛烈了以至于破壞了許多小汽車、樹木甚至房子。(violent)5.It’snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughmunicationornot.

他們是否能夠通過溝通達成協(xié)議還不清楚。Ⅲ.語法填空(黑體詞為本單元重點詞匯)Unlikeotherstarsinspace,themoonisasatelliteofourplanet—theearth,1.theonlyonesuitableforlifeinthesolarsystem.Fromancienttime,people2.wished(wish)tobeabletofloatintheairortraveltothemoon.Theyevenimaginedtheunbelievablelifeonthemoon.However,itisimpossibleforpeople3.tolive(live)onthemoon,forthereisnoexistenceofatmosphere,4.especially(especial)nooxygenandtheclimateisviolent.Nowthatwecan’tliveonthemoon,whydo5.scientists(scientist)sparenoeffortstodoresearchintoit?Thatisbecausescientistsaremakinguse6.ofthespecialgravity,whichisonesixthof7.thatontheearth,toimprovethegrowingofcrops.Itisalsousedfor8.global(globe)munication.Butsomeevilonesusespaceformilitarypurpose.Now,itis9.recognized(recognize)thatthepeacefuluseofspaceisafundamentalprinciple.Mostcountrieshavesignedagreementstopreventanycountryfrom10.producing(produce)spaceweapons.

核心素養(yǎng)讓學生能在了解國內(nèi)外文化差異的前提下,認清并樹立積極向上的價值觀高考鏈接2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C;2020·天津高考閱讀理解D;2019·北京高考閱讀理解BⅠ.話題與閱讀理解(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C)Inthemid1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24yearoldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawellroundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.【文章大意】本文是對TomBissell的書的介紹與評論。1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends’invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe...可知他對這個國家感興趣。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話“他再次訪問烏茲別克斯坦的結(jié)果比那要多得多”可推知that指代上一段的最后一句話也就是他去那里的目的,即寫一本關(guān)于theAralSea消失的書,故選D。3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell’sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful.C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中的第二、三段,特別是第三段他被警察懷疑販毒,參加了奇怪的葬禮,后來又突然遭遇沙塵暴、疾病、漁船困在了海里等這樣的經(jīng)歷可推知他的烏茲別克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”,故選B。4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Toremendatraveldestination.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知作者先引出書的名字,在第二、三段對書做了簡單介紹,以及最后對書進行評價,故作者的目的就是介紹這樣一本書。故選A?！疚⒓寄茳c撥】順藤摸瓜,把控故事情節(jié)本文屬于記敘文,是高考閱讀理解中難度比較低的,基本上都是按照故事發(fā)展的時間順序來展開。最后經(jīng)常有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情緒和感悟,這是記敘文的精華也是難點。主要考查細節(jié)、猜詞和推斷,如本文。因此,學生首先要弄清楚故事情節(jié)(what,who,when,where,why),順藤摸瓜,定位與題目相關(guān)的詞句甚至段落,透過字里行間(發(fā)生了什么)把握作者的情感或寓意表達。本文中第1題為細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)策略解題如下:Step1確定題干關(guān)鍵詞:題干關(guān)鍵詞:what...MrBissellreturntoUzbekistanStep2回到原文準定位:第一段第三句Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Step3對比選項找最佳:嘗試解答:B。

【語用提能】話題詞匯volunteer;disappearance;host;wonder;sadden;stuck;wellrounded短語loseone’smind精神錯亂;失去理智,不能自制endupdoing最終……pickup拿起;好轉(zhuǎn);接收【微語法填空】(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C改編)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inthemid1990s,TomBissell1.taught(teach)EnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Afewyearslater,still2.attracted(attract)tothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticle.Hisvisit,however,endedup3.involving(involve)alotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,talksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,4.wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyed.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangelandandalsoaquicklook5.atlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessand6.warmth(warm),butalsoitsdarkersid