新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程2-（第三版）-unit-2-課文原文及翻譯

TextA課文AThehumanities?:?Outofdate?人文學(xué)科：過時(shí)了嗎？Whenthegoing?getstough,?thetough?takea?ccoun?ting.Whenthejobmarke?tworsens,?manystuden?ts?calcu?latetheycan'tmajor?inEngli?shorhis?tory.Theyhavetostudy?something?thatbooststhei??rprosp?ectsoflandi?ngajob.當(dāng)形勢變得困難時(shí)，強(qiáng)者會(huì)去選?學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)。當(dāng)就業(yè)市場?惡化時(shí)，許多學(xué)生估??算著他們不?能再主修英語或歷史。他們得學(xué)一?些能改善他?們就業(yè)前景?的東西。?Thedatashowthatasstudents?haveincre?asing?lyshoul?dered?theever-risin?gcostoftuition,theyhave?defected?fromthestudy?ofthehuman?ities?andtowar?dappli?edscience?and"hard"skills?thattheybetwillleadtoemplo?yment?.Inother?words,?acollege?education?ismoreandmore?seenasameans?forecono?micbetterment??rather?thanameans?forhuman?bette?rment?.Thisisatrend?thatislikel?ytopersist?andevenaccelerate??.數(shù)據(jù)顯示，隨著學(xué)生肩負(fù)的學(xué)費(fèi)不?斷增加，他們已從學(xué)?習(xí)人文學(xué)科??轉(zhuǎn)向他們相?信有益于將?來就業(yè)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和?“硬”技能。換言之，大學(xué)教育越來越被看成??是改善經(jīng)濟(jì)?而不是提升?人類自身的手段。這種趨勢可?能會(huì)持續(xù)，甚至有加快?之勢。?Overthenextfewyears,?aslabor?markets?strug?gle,thehuman?ities?willproba?blycontinue?theirlong?slide?insuccession?.?There?alrea?dyhasbeenanearl?y50perce?ntdecli?neintheporti?onoflib?eralartsmajor?soverthepastgener?ation,?anditislogic?altothink?thatthetrend?isbound?toconti?nueorevenaccel?erate?.Oncethedomin?antpillars?ofuniversity??life,thehuman?ities?nowpl?aylittle?roles?whenstudents?taketheir?college?tours?.These?days,labsaremorevivid?andcompell??ingthanlibra?ries.在未來幾年內(nèi)，由于勞動(dòng)力?市場的不景?氣，人文學(xué)科可?能會(huì)繼續(xù)?其?長期低迷的?態(tài)勢。在上一代大學(xué)生?中，主修文科的學(xué)生數(shù)?跌幅已?近50%。這種趨勢會(huì)?持續(xù)、甚至加速的?想法是合情?合理的。人文學(xué)科曾是大學(xué)生?活的?重要支柱，而?今在學(xué)生?們參觀校園?的時(shí)候，卻只是一個(gè)?小點(diǎn)綴?，F(xiàn)在，實(shí)驗(yàn)室要比圖書館更栩?栩如?生、受人青睞。Here,please?allow?metostand?upforandpromo?tethetruevalue?thatthehuman?ities?addtopeople's?lives.?在這兒，請?jiān)试S我為人文學(xué)科?給人們的生?活所?增添的真?實(shí)價(jià)值進(jìn)行?支持和宣傳?。Since?ancient?times,?people?havespeculated??about?themyste?ryofthose?inner?forces?thatdrive?somepeople??togreatness?andother?stoself-destr?uctio?n.Thisinner?drive?hasbeencalled?manythings?overthece?nturi?es.Thefamou?spsychologi??st,SigmundFre?ud,?calle?ditthe"uncon?sciou?smind"or,moref?amili?arly,"insti?nct".自古以來，人們一直在思索人類自?毀滅。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以??來，這股內(nèi)力被之為??知的“潛意識”，或更為人熟“本能”。身具有什么?神奇的內(nèi)力??使一些人變?，而使另一?得崇高偉大?德·弗些人走向自我?稱作很多東??西。著名的心理?學(xué)家西格蒙洛伊德稱Fromthebeginning?oftime,thisinner?aspect?ofourbeing?,thisdrive?thatcanbeconstructi??veordestructiv??e,hascaptured?ourimagi?natio?n.Thestori?esofthisamazing?struggle?haveformedthe?basis?ofcultu?restheworld?over.Histo?rians,?architects?,?authors,?philosophe?rs?andartis?tshav?ecaptu?redthewords?,images?andmeanings?ofthisinner?struggle?intheformofstory?,music?,myth,painting,?architectu?re,?sculpture?,lands?capeandtradi?tions?.These?menandwomen?devel?opedartis?tic"languages"?thathelpusunder?stand?these?aspir?ations?andalsoeducat?e?generation?s.?Thisferti?lebodyofworkfromancie?nttimes,?theveryfoundation??ofciv?ilization,?forms?thebasis?ofstudy?ofthehuman?ities.?從一開始，人類這股可以是建設(shè)性?、充滿內(nèi)心?掙?扎的故事形?成了世界文?化的藝術(shù)家們以?故?事、音樂、神筑、雕刻、風(fēng)景畫和傳?統(tǒng)的擊心靈的?文字、形象及內(nèi)涵。這些?男男女女創(chuàng)造出?了具有??的“語言”，幫助我們些?強(qiáng)烈愿望，?并用以教育一?代又一代人。從古?時(shí)起開?始的這些充?滿想象的大?量作品，正是文明的底蘊(yùn)?，它奠定了人?文研究的基?礎(chǔ)。也可以是毀??滅性的內(nèi)在?驅(qū)動(dòng)力，就令我們心?馳神往。這些驚人的基礎(chǔ)。歷史學(xué)家、建筑師、作家、哲學(xué)家和話、繪畫、建形式，捕捉了到這?些撞藝術(shù)性了?解人類的這Studying?thehumanities??improves?ourability?toreadandwrite?.Nomatte?rwhatwedoinlife,wewil?lhaveahugeadvan?tageifwecanreadcompl?exideas?andunderstand??their?meaning.?Wewil?lhaveabrigh?tcaree?rifwearetheperson?intheoffice?whocanwrite?aclear?andelega?ntana?lysis?ofthose?ideas?!學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)讀懂復(fù)雜的思?想并理解它?們的內(nèi)想寫出既明確又簡潔?的分析?的人，我們科會(huì)提?高我們的?閱讀和寫?作能力。無論我們這涵，我們?都會(huì)受益匪淺?。如果我們是會(huì)有光明?的職業(yè)前?景。?一生中從事?什么職業(yè)，如果我們能??在辦公室里?能對這些思?Studying?thehumanities??makes?usfamil?iarwiththela?nguag?eofemoti?onandthecreat?iveprocess.?Inaninformat?ion?economy,?manypeopl?ehavetheabili?tytoproduce?auseful?product?suchasanewMP3playe?r.Yet,veryfewpeopl?ehavetheability?tocreate?aspectacul??arbrand:?theiPod.Mostimpor?tantl?y,studying?thehumanities??invests?uswithgreatinsig??htandself-aware?ness,thereby?releasing?ourcreativ??eenergy?andtalent?inaposit?iveandco?nstru?ctive?manner.?學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)讓我們?熟悉表達(dá)情?感的語言及?進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的??過程。在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)?中，很多人都有?能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如新的??MP3播放器那樣的有用產(chǎn)品?。然而，僅有很少的??人具有能力?創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如?iPod那樣的精彩品牌。最重要的是?，學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)??科使我們具?有偉大的洞?察力和自我?意識，從而以積極和建設(shè)性的?方式來發(fā)揮?我們的創(chuàng)造?力和才藝。?Perhaps?thebestargument?infavor?ofthehuman?ities?isthescope?ofpossi?bilities?thatarewidely?opentous.DidyouknowthatJames?Camer?on,world?-famous?direc?torofthemovie,Titan?ic,?graduated?withadegre?einthehuman?ities?SodidSally?Ride,thefirst?woman?inspace.So?didactor?sBruce?Lee,Gwyne?thPaltrow,?Renee?Zellweger?andMattDamon.?Dr.Harol?dVarm?us,whowonaNobel?Prize?forMedicine,?studied?thehumanities?.?EvenMicha?elEisne?r,Chair?manoftheDisney?Company,?majored?inthehuman?ities?.Famou?speopl?ewhostudied?thehumanit?ies?makealonglistindeed.?It'seasytoseethatthehuman?ities?canprepare?usformany?different?careers?andjobswecanunder?take,wheth?ermedic?ine,business,?science?orentertai?nment??.也許，支持人文學(xué)科的最好論?點(diǎn)是，人文學(xué)科為?我們提供了??廣闊的機(jī)會(huì)?。你知道世界?聞名的電影《泰坦尼克號?》的導(dǎo)演詹姆?斯?·卡梅隆拿的是人文學(xué)科??的學(xué)位嗎？第一個(gè)登上?太空的女宇航員薩利?·賴德拿的也是人文學(xué)科?的學(xué)位。?還有電影演?員李小龍、格溫妮絲·帕特洛·蕾妮·齊薇格及馬特?·達(dá)蒙，也都如此。獲諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)?獎(jiǎng)的哈羅德?·瓦慕斯博士?也學(xué)過人文?學(xué)科。甚至迪士尼公司?的總裁邁?克爾·艾斯納也主修?人文學(xué)科。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)??科的有名人?士確實(shí)可以?列出一長串。?顯而易見，人文學(xué)能為我們從?事許多?不同的職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備?，不管是醫(yī)學(xué)?、商務(wù)、科學(xué)或娛樂。?Ifwestudy?onlymathematic?s,?it'slikely?wewillbeacand?idate?onlyforjobsasamathematic??ian.Ifweinc?ludestudying?thehuman?ities?,wecanmakeb?reakt?hroughs?onmanybarri?ersandarelimit?edonlyb?youreffor?tandimagi?natio?n.如果我們僅學(xué)習(xí)?數(shù)學(xué)，我們很可能只?能申請數(shù)學(xué)?家之類的?工作。如果我們還?學(xué)了人文學(xué)?科，那我們就能突破?許多障礙?，只要我們愿意?付出努力，?敢于想象。Ofcourse,?nowadays,?ifwestudy?thehumanities??alone?,weareliabl?etomissmanyopportunit?ies.Each?oneofusneeds?tobecom?eastechn?icall?yandprofe?ssionally?skilled?aspossible?tohelpm?eettheneeds?ofmoder?nlife.Infact,incre?asingly?apairi?ngoftechn?icalknowledge?andinner?insig?htisseenastheideal?intheestab?lishm?entofacareer.?IfIweretheDeanofAdmis?sions?atamedic?alschool?andtwopeople?applied?toourschool,?bothhavin?gtherequi?redbasicscien?tific??courses,?oneaphilosophy??major?andtheother?solel?yapre-medstudent,?thephiloso?phy?appli?cantwould?bechose?n.當(dāng)然，在當(dāng)下，如果我們單學(xué)人文學(xué)科?以滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要??。事實(shí)上，技術(shù)知識和?內(nèi)在洞察力?的結(jié)合越來?越被看成是?建立職業(yè)生?涯的理想搭?配。如果我是某?個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院的?招生部主任?，有兩個(gè)人同?時(shí)申請學(xué)?校，?學(xué)過基礎(chǔ)的?科學(xué)一個(gè)主修哲?學(xué)，另一個(gè)僅是?醫(yī)學(xué)院的預(yù)?科生，我會(huì)選擇那位哲學(xué)?專業(yè)的申請者。?，可能會(huì)失去??很多機(jī)會(huì)。我們每個(gè)人?都需要盡可?能變得技能?化、職業(yè)化，我們這兩個(gè)人都課程，In