國際貿(mào)易理論與實務(wù)-英語專業(yè)專用(英文版)

一、名詞解釋：5x4'=20分Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalbordersorterritories.Generaltradesystemisonthebaseofnationalboundary.Thegeneraltradesystemisinusewhenthestatisticalterritoryofacountrycoincideswithitseconomicterritory.TheLeontiefParadoxreferstotheconflictbetweentheconclusionofH-Otheoryandactualcertification.ItwasintroducedbyWassilyLeontiefwhowasthepioneerofinput-outputeconomicsinhisInput-outputEconomicpsublishedin1966.LeontiefresearchedthelaborandcapitalcontentoftheUSAimportsandexportsin1947and1951.GSPisasystemcurrencyinplacewherealargenumberofdevelopedcountriespermitduty-freeentryofaselectedlistofproductsifthoseproductsareimportedfromparticulardevelopingcountries.Thisduty-freeentryexistseventhoughapositivetariffisleviedifthoseproductscomeinfromdevelopedcountries,orother,richerdevelopingcountries.ImportQuotareferstotherestrictionimposedonimportgoodsintermsofquantityandtotalvalueinacertainperiod.6.“Voluntary”exportrestraintsInacertainperiod(usually3to5years)theexporterstakeexportquotasofsomeproductsvoluntarilyunderthepressureordemandofimporters.Billofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbytheperson(drawer),andaddressedtoanotherperson(drawee),requiringthedraweetopayastatedsumofmoneytootherperson(payee)ondemand，oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime.GeneralAverageisalegalprincipleofmaritimelawaccordingtowhichallpartiesinaseaventureproportionallyshareanylossesresultingfromavoluntarysacrificeofpartoftheshiporcargotosavethewholeinanemergency.Collectionmeansthattheexporteraskshisbanktocollectpaymentfromtheimporter.二、問答題：9欣4=36分WhatarethebasiccontentsofMercantilism?BackgroundEconomic:currencybecametheonlygoalGeographical:geographicaldiscoveryPolitical:thebourgeoisieareinalliancewithfeudalroyalMercantilistthoughtViewofwealth:goldandsilverweretheonlywealthResourceofwealth:foreigntradePrecondition:tradesurplusMeanstoachievement:stateinterventionWhatarethebasicthoughtsofinfantindustryargument?Theinfantindustryargumentisaneconomicrationalefortradeprotectionism.Thecoreoftheargumentisthatnascentindustriesoftendonothavetheeconomiesofscalethattheiroldercompetitorsfromothercountriesmayhave,andthusneedtobeprotecteduntiltheycanattainsimilareconomiesofscale.

3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthecommoditydumpingandexchangedumping?Difference：WaystoReduceExportPriceExecutorScopeofgoodsinfluencedImpactonimportCommodityDumpingArtificiallyLowthePriceManufacturesIndividualCommodityNoImpactExchangeDumpingCurrencydevaluationStatesAlltheexportsRestrainImportWhataretheformsofregionaleconomicintegration?Givethreetypicalexamples.P112-1141)Preferentialtradearrangement2)FreetradeareaCustomsUnionCommonmarketEconomicunionExamples：EU，NAFTA，APECGiveexamplestoillustratethetermscreationandtradediversion.Tradecreation:positivethehigh-costhomeproductionwillbetookplacebylow-costproductionofothermembers.getconsumptionbenefits&productionbenefitsExample：Tradediversion:negativethelow-costimportsfromnon-membersturntohigh-costimportsfromothermembers.Thelocalconsumers'profitsarereduced.?Thebenefitlevelofthewholeworldarereduce.

Example：ComparethecommonalitiesanddifferencesbetweenFOB,CFRandCIF.Thecommonalities:TheyareallusedinwatertransportationonlyThesellerdeliversonboardinportofshipmentTheriskisdividedbyship'srailTheybelongtosymbolicdeliveryThedifference:FOB+F+I=CFR+I=CIFTradeTermsRisksDutiesCostsPasstheship'srailTransportInsuranceFreightinsurancechargeFOBBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerCFRSellerBuyerSellerBuyerCIFSellerSellerSellerSeller

PleasedrawuptheflowdiagramofL/C.ll.takedelivery④Deliver開證申請人受益人（出口商）Whatarethedifferencebetweenbillofexchange,promissorynoteandcheck?④Deliver開證申請人受益人（出口商）Billsofexchange:Anunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbytheperson（drawer）,andaddressedtoanotherperson（drawee）,requiringthedraweetopayastatedsumofmoneytootherperson（payee）ondemand，oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime.Promissorynotes:Anunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoanorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.Check:Itisasightdraftandthebankasthedrawee.三、計算題：1x8'=8分含傭金的價格換算（見課件）計算步驟：CFR價——CIF價——含傭價CIF價=CFR價今【1一保險費率x（1+保險加成率）】含傭價=凈價（即由CFR價轉(zhuǎn)換得到的CIF價）-（1—傭金率）四、案例分析（3幻'=21分）Moreorlessclause（溢短裝條款）ChinaRice，100000metrictonswith2％moreorlessatSellers'optionChinaRice，about100000metrictonsAccordingtoUCP600,thequantityofdeliverycan'textend10%moreorlessatSellers'option.ChinaRice，100000metrictonsAccordingtoUCP600,thequantityofdeliverycan'textend5%moreorlessatSellers'option.Butitcan'tapplytothequantitycalculatedbynumber.ThepaymentoftheexcessordeficiencyShouldbepaidatcontractvalueormarketpriceofloadingorunloading.是指允許交貨時可多交或少交一定比例的數(shù)量，只要賣方交貨數(shù)量在約定的增減幅度范圍內(nèi)，就算是按合同規(guī)定數(shù)量交貨，買方就不得以交貨數(shù)量不符為由而拒收貨物或提出索賠。CaseStudy:Weimportedabatchofwheatfromabroad.Thecontractedquantitywas5millionsM/T,with10%moreorlessatseller'soption.Theforeignexportershipped6millionsM/T.Howshallwedealwiththedelivery?CaseStudy:Acompanyorderedabatchofstealplateamountto400M/T:6feet,8feet,10feetand12feet100M/Trespectively,andwith5%moreorlessatseller'soption.Nowthesellerdeliveredasfollowing:6feet,70M/T;8feet,80M/T;10feet,60M/T;12feet,210M/T.Thetotalquantitydidn'texceedthetoplimitof5%.Didthesellerhavetherighttoreject?Partialshipment(分批裝運)UCP600兩個規(guī)定(1)Partialshipment?Itisalsocalledshipmentbyinstallments,anditmeansshippingthecommodityunderonecontractinmorethanonelot.Partialshipment:accordingtoUCP600UnlessotherwisespecifiedinL/C,thepartialshipmentisallowed.Theshippingdocumentsapparentlyindicatethatthegoodsaretransportedonthesamemeansofconveyance,throughthesamejourneyandtothesamedestination,evenifthetimeofshipmentand/orportsofloadingaredifferent,itwillnotberegardedaspartialshipment.IfthepartialshipmentisallowedinL/C,andanybatchofshipmentfailtomeettheL/C,andboththisbatchandbatchessubsequentlyloseeffectiveness.(3)theclauseofpartialshipmentandtransshipment?ShipmentduringMay／June／July，withpartialshipmentsandtransshipmentallowed.?DuringJune／Julyintwoshipments，transshipmentisProhibited.?DuringNov.／Dwoequalmonthlyshipment,tobetransshippedatHongkong.Casestudy1?我某公司對南非出口一批化工產(chǎn)品2000公噸，采用信用證支付方式。國外來證規(guī)定：“禁止分批裝運，允許轉(zhuǎn)運”。該證并注明：按vUCP500＞辦理?，F(xiàn)已知：裝期臨近，已訂妥一艘駛往南非的“黃石”號貨輪，該船先停靠新港，后?？壳鄭u。但此時，該批化工產(chǎn)在新港和青島各有1000公噸尚未集中在一起。如你是這筆業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)辦人，最好選擇哪種處理方法。為什么？結(jié)論：應(yīng)選擇新港、青島各裝1000公噸。（1）《UCPP500》規(guī)定。（2）本案中找出口公司如在新港、青島各裝1000公噸于同一船（黃石號）、同一航次上，提單雖注明不同裝運港和不同裝運期限，則不視作分批裝運。因此，這種做法應(yīng)認(rèn)為符合信用證的規(guī)定，銀行理應(yīng)付款。Casestudy2我公司與外商簽訂銷售合同，出售中國大米10000公噸，合同規(guī)定：“自2月份開始，每月裝船1000公噸，分十批交貨。”賣方從2月份開始交貨，但交至第五批大米時，大米品質(zhì)霉變，不適合人類食用，因而買方以此為由，主張以后各批均應(yīng)撤銷。在上述情況下買方能否主