高級寫作課程結(jié)構(gòu)強化

課程大綱Introductiongeneralwritingimprovementstrategies

Logicstrategies議論文:各類高端國內(nèi)外考試說明文：部門高端國內(nèi)外考試應(yīng)用文：生活及部門考試記敘文：生活及部門考試1Introduction1.1whatisadvancedwriting1.2abilitiesmeasuredVocabulary,sentence----basicparagraph,article----logic1.3mistakes2generalwritingimprovementstrategies2.1Vocabularybuilding煉詞2.2Sentencebuilding煉句2.3Paragraphbuilding煉段2.1vocabularybuildingRequirement:varietyanddiversity多樣性appropriatewordchoice合適合理idiomaticexpression習(xí)慣表達Vocabularybuildingmethods:同義詞及區(qū)別上義詞意譯詞習(xí)慣修辭及橫線構(gòu)詞同義詞及區(qū)別重要、導(dǎo)致、促進、大的、劇烈地、迷戀程度副詞

劇烈類：greatly/enormously/sharply/steeply/suddenly/alarmingly/amazingly/massively/rapidly/dramatically/considerably/significantly/incredibly/Substantially…..

緩慢類：gradually/gently/steadily/slightly/slowly/marginally/inamoderateway/bytheleastamount/moderately選擇中名詞優(yōu)先原則坐落蜿蜒盤亙好奇提升品位自戀女神杯具Snake

nestDragonoverCraneforLadderupnarcissusMussOedipusRocketupApolloSisyphus

經(jīng)典名著例子有錢男人需要找老婆Amaninpossessionofagreatfortunemustbeinwantofawife.人們對此議論紛呈Ideasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.如何用名詞表達？重要、導(dǎo)致、促進、大的、迷戀、劇烈的Ofimportance=importantResultin=haveresultin..HaveContributiontoAdvance=haveadvancementtoHaveafancyonyou/sthstrikemyfancyexertpeculiarfascinationonnosediveTIPSRecitewordsperdayScanwebperdayWritedownthenewandinterestingwordsandtheirnone.上義詞---wheretouseRestrict/limit--？Regulation/law--？countryAnimalexperimentBooks/TV/ad.ComputerTeacher意譯詞寫作初級階段：=翻譯常見意譯錯誤:Pleasegivemeareplyifyouareconvenient.MyMP3cannotlisteneventhoughithasmuchelectricity.Peoplenowhaveconditiontoeatgoodthings.Iwanttolearnmoreaboutthegardenknowledge.生活中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的意譯錯誤送朋友回家對不起，沒座了Sorry,noseatsavailable網(wǎng)站暫時無法訪問WebsiteTemporarilyUnavailable.英語水平Englishskills謝謝你的好意，不過我可以走回去

Thanksforyouroffer,butIcanwalkhome伸出了援助之手

offeringhelpinghands他給了一件工作給我。

這種產(chǎn)品效果絕對不一樣Itwillmakeagreatdifference.對于我來說，吃什么都一樣。Itmakesnodifferencetohavethisorthat你這樣做是什么意思What’syourpoint做…沒什么意思？Pointlesstodo….Makesnosensetodo我郵箱打不開了Icannotaccessmymailboxtoday在城里孩子們有渠道去看各種演出。關(guān)于動物意譯天涯何處無芳草fish好兔不吃窩邊草Donotfishinyourneighbor’spool老鼠愛大米cheese力壯如牛…..asstrongasahorse/willinghorse黑馬Darkhorse膽小如鼠Astimidasachicken

習(xí)慣修辭

比喻Dabble淺涉水v---涉獵明眸善睞社會像是？Adyeingpot/saladpot阿甘正傳beanscarrotsNarcissus擬人Facelift拉皮n.Therestauranthas,withitsnewbosshailingfromNewYork,hadanewfaceliftrecently.Feedupthemachine/vendor門開不了燈怒氣沖沖地閃爍著Sparkswereemittedfromsmallblackboxesandredlampsflashedonandoffangrily.一股怪味襲來，使他相信了我說的是真話HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.

借代IntheleastdevelopedcountriesinAfrica,allfurandfeatherarehuntedforfood.Creature/speciesOurhotelisshortofhandsWallhasears.Greatmindsthinkalike.Chinaissufferingbrainloss/drain.Highbrow/lowbrowhigh/lowpitch/key----

夸張Shehastheheartinhermouth.Shewenthomeinafloodoftears.(Laughter…..)押韻:smileasmiledreamalittledreamTalkthetalk/WalkthewalkBettercity,betterlifeInterior…..exterior……..雙關(guān)AverydearcatformeApriliscomingafteralongmarch.TIPSE’conomistNewYorkerWikiUrbandictionaryMOREHANGZHOU2.2sentencebuildingRequirement:Complication

英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義

syntacticvariety英語多變化，漢語多重復(fù)

length英語多長句，漢語多短句

Sentencebuildingmethods:橫向變換句型1basicsentencewriting結(jié)構(gòu)寫作2basicvarietyprinciples基本5變化法3Modulechoice7

模塊認(rèn)知和選擇高級變化4modulesynthesis模塊合成長句basicsentencewritingbasicsentencewriting結(jié)構(gòu)寫作基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常見錯誤SVOSbeCbasicvarietyprinciples基本5變化法Basicvariety5principles法則1主語變化：英語多被動，漢語多主動

眾所周知Weallknownthat……It’sknowntoallthat….ItmustbepointedoutthatItmustbeadmittedthat.Itisimaginedthat.

Itcannotbedeniedthat.

Itwillbeseenfromthisthat.Itshouldberealizedthat.Itis(always)stressedthat.Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat人們對此意見不一。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthis.Ideasonthisissue/topicvaryfrompersontoperson.variousIdeasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.法則2動賓結(jié)構(gòu)變化為副詞加形容詞：doharmtothebody/spirit----physically/mentallyharmful/detrimentalFinanciallysupportive/stressedhavegreatbenefittotheenvironment—environmentallyfriendly/beneficial

法則3倒裝句介賓短語前置倒裝：杭州位于中國東部，是一個天堂城市。HznestsintheeastofC.Inthe…..NestsHZ,Abeautifulcity.Only介賓短語、從句+系動詞助動詞+句子：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有在孩子完成作業(yè)以后才能被允許看電視。只有大家充分認(rèn)識到這個問題以后問題才能真正得以解決。Onlyafter/wheneverydayrealizetheproblemcanitbeworkedoutNotonly…butalso倒裝:Notonlycan…..,italso……大學(xué)教育政府設(shè)施奉獻scarificationSuch….that倒裝：經(jīng)典引入句Suchishumannaturethat……Suchisacommonphenomenonthat…..Never倒裝經(jīng)典引入句Neverhasthepublic

witnessed/seensuchaphenomenonthat….法則4強調(diào)句Itis+強調(diào)部分+that剩余部分煉句中幾種其他強調(diào)1.用形容詞“very”，“single”等表示強調(diào)

Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon2.用反身代詞表示強調(diào)Hehimselfcometovisitthepatient.3.用助詞“do”表示強調(diào)4.用短語“ineveryway”，“innoway”，“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”

他的舉止確實無可挑剔。

你一定要把兒子帶來。托?？荚?用倒裝句表示強調(diào)法則5雙重否定句雙重否定為了強調(diào)，也有的是為了使語氣委婉1、否定詞＋否定詞綴

我們經(jīng)常出國。

Wedonotinfrequentlygoabroad.

天下無難事，只怕有心人。

Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

已經(jīng)做了的事后悔也無用。

What'sdonecannotbeundone.

考試經(jīng)典句型Itisnotuncommon……Itisnotundeniable…..………2、否定詞＋含有否定意義的詞（各類）Thereisnodoubtthat….neverfailtodo…..Thereisnodenying

that…….Itnotseldomhappensthat….Therearefewpeoplewhodon'tliketo。。。。。

Nogainswithoutpains.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.模仿沒…..沒……無….無…..

3、否定詞＋否定詞Nothingventure,nothinggain.凡是地球人都無一不認(rèn)識TA。Thereisnoonewholivesintheworldwhodoesn'tknowher.模仿凡是生活在城市的人沒有一個不知道現(xiàn)在城市的污染問題

Modulechoice7

模塊認(rèn)知和選擇高級變化Modulechoice

外增高1-6，內(nèi)增高7模塊1介賓短語---With替代動詞，前置平衡結(jié)構(gòu)西雅圖氣候宜人是一個花園城市。TheclimateinSeattleisagreeableandisagardencity.Seattleisagardencitywiththemostdelightfulclimateintheworld.Seattle,withthemostdelightfulclimateintheworld,isagardencity.當(dāng)老羅用那低沉的調(diào)子和詭異的表情講出那個笑話的時候整個教室爆發(fā)出爆笑。Thewholeclassburstoutlaughing/brokeinto/burstintoagreatlaughterwhenLaoluo,withhislowtoneandweirdLook,toldthestory當(dāng)城市化的腳步在高樓林立工業(yè)擴展中進入農(nóng)村，農(nóng)村的寧靜正在慢慢地被打破。Thepeaceofvillageisbeingbrokenslowly,WhenthepaceofurbanizationSprawl/spreadintothecountrysidewithskyscrapersstandingupandindustryroaringeveryday甘霖在新東方四國混血，資歷最老，在學(xué)生中享有很高聲望。GL,with3foreignoriginsandmostexperience/experiencedresume/application,enjoysahighfame/reputationamongstudents功夫總是吸引成千上萬的迷們因為它以它那些….的絕招把人們帶入了一個刀光劍影的江湖世界。Kungfualwaysattracts/interests/….KFneverfailstofascinatethousandsoffansforitinvolvesusintothecowboylifewithjumpingfromrooftoroof,runningonthewinds,shootingelectricityfromone’sfinger……考試模擬練習(xí)隨著社會發(fā)展經(jīng)濟進步人們生活水平提高，電腦已經(jīng)作為一種普通日用品飛入了平常百姓家。模塊2定語從句SVO,which…….S,which/who……,VOGL,whoisthemostexperiencedteacherinNOS,enjoysahighfame/reputation.大學(xué)教育模塊3分詞伴隨及位置平衡

分詞做伴隨的妙用可以替代任何狀語從句:ving,主干IfBefore/AfterWhen/whileAlthoughBecause/so……..HavingthemostexperiencedresumeinNOS,GLenjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.GL,havingthemostsophisticatedresumeinNOS,enjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.模塊4獨立主格----高級表達方法分詞做伴隨主語不同時N+doing/done,主干政府教育科技社會模塊5同位語---最佳最簡單長句模塊Laoyu,……………GL,themostsophisticated/hardenedguyinNOS，enjoysahighreputationamongthestudents.

和上義詞思維模式相似模塊6同位語從句有內(nèi)容的名詞+whether/that內(nèi)容本身ThefactthatThedebatewhether….isgoingontothecenterstageofthepublic/goingintothespotlight.引入話題經(jīng)典句型Suchisthehumannaturethat…Neverhasthesocietywitnessedsuchaphenomenonthat…模塊7名詞性從句----內(nèi)增高法SVO主語從句Whathasattractedthepubliciswhether…賓語從句表語從句實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)西湖位于杭州市中心，鬧中取靜，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，歷史悠久，文化深厚。Hustleandbustleofthecity快樂和幸福的真諦不是擁有的更多而是要求的更少。環(huán)境問題太復(fù)雜，個人難以解決。我們需要關(guān)注的不是環(huán)境可以給我們帶來什么，而是我們能為它做出什么。modulesynthesis模塊合成長句Modulesynthesis如何練就長句S2

3VO4,56前提：寫好句子主干1議論的引導(dǎo)詞：起Firstofall,firstly,atthebeginning,firstandforemost,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith,tostartwith,ontheonehand承Secondly,ontheotherhand,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,inthesecond轉(zhuǎn)However,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,onthecontrary,tothecontrast,incontrast（用于反面例證和讓步段）合inconclusion,toconclude,asawhole,allinall,inshort,inaword,insummary,tosumup,towrapup,afterall,intheend,generallyspeaking,inthissense,wecansafelysay（用在結(jié)尾段）2同位語：通常讓在主語S/O(N)后面----名詞成分：..Universityeducation,….,can…...LaoYu,……,__v__..Advertisement,_____,___v_____..Scienceandtechnology,_____,__v___twobladesword同位語變形------分詞成分/定從….被認(rèn)為是…..？？N,regarded/considered/deemed/referredtobe/entitledtobe…..改革開放政策？對外交流政策？Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,________，…

Computersaremoreappliedineducationthanbefore.computersoverweighteachers.

Firstly,computers,deemedtobe…..,canenrichtheteachingmethod.Secondly,computers,……,can…其他話題訓(xùn)練老師，信息，汽車…..Teachers,…….,will……..Cars,hightechandfullfunctionfourwheelsmachines,willbringus…..1S23VO4563插入語：通常放在是實意動詞前面Toalarge/someextent/degree;directlyorindirectly;onewayoranother4介賓短語表示動作方式Universityeducation,oneofthemostimportantperiodsofourlife,can,toalargeextent,bringus___withvarioussubjects.Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,___2_____,has,___3___,v….,/with……..

5從句which,前提內(nèi)容擴展Universityeducation,oneofthemostimportantperiodsofourlife,can,toalargeextent,bringus___withvarioussubjects,whichwill…..從而，于是….Thepolicyofreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,___2_____,has,___3___,v….,/with……..,which….Firstofall,teachers,thehumanbeingwiththoughts,can，_3___,start/havespiritualcommunicationwiththestudents,which…3toalargeextentMoreover,teachers,theelites/thosewithvariouscharacteristics,will,___3__,setupgoodexamplesofstudents…..,which…3directlyorindirectly其他話題訓(xùn)練：Mobilephonescausesomemedical,social,andtechnicalproblems.Willtheproblemsoutweightheadvantages?1Mobilephones,____2_____,____3_____,____V_____4by/with…..,5which/so……2oneofthemostconvenientmethodstokeepintouchwitheachother,can,3tosomedegreev:enhancethecommunication4介賓短語及前置（with/after….）：5定語從句：which….6其他從句：so…/because…./if…..原因連詞：because/for/since/as/inthat原因介詞：becauseof/dueto/owingto/為了forthesakeof條件連詞：if/as(so)longas,given(provided)that/supposedthat/incasethat

經(jīng)典長句句型Universityeducation,deemedtobeoneofthemostsignificantpartsofpeople‘slife,can,toalargeextent,offerusawealthofknowledge/intermsofvariouskindsofsubjects,whichwillalayasolidfoundationfor……（58）

Thereformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,regardedtobeoneofthemostessentialpoliciesputforwardbyourgreatleaderDengXiaopinginthe20thcentury,has,directlyorindirectly,boostedtheprosperityofnationaleconomybyintroducingthestateofthearttechnologyandconcepts,whichgreatly/enormouslybuildupournationalstrengthandmakeChinaamoreandmorestrongernationinthespotlightoftheinternationalstage.

731S23vo452.3paragraphbuilding訓(xùn)練目的：寫作邏輯基本培養(yǎng)TS->SI拓展思維----分類思維汽車很方便超市很熱鬧科技很先進環(huán)境很污染話題隨機練習(xí)農(nóng)村生活好methods:1倒裝排山倒海2強調(diào)一直海棠壓梨花3分總?cè)f劍歸宗美文賞析經(jīng)典案例失敗是成功之母快樂別人就是快樂自己了解過去很有必要過去成功比現(xiàn)在成功要容易高級英文寫作教程藍色外研社如何寫拓展句？？SI一寫好處和影響平行分類1人群分類2組成部分3畫面例子

對比A好相關(guān)BCD不好反面A+沒有A我們多慘二原因背景分析：因為缺少，有問題所以需要Industrymovingsavinglandforendangeredanimal?學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以增長知識3independentwriting---Argument

題目原則：A/-A;A/BLogic-----StructureIntroductionBodyConclusion

ProofreadingRequirement:wellorganizedandwelldevelopedusingclearlyappropriateexplanation,exemplification,and/ordetailsdisplaysunity,progression,andcoherence

題目原則：A/-A;A/BDoyouthinkpeoplewillreducethecarsin20years?Governmentsshouldfocusmoreonpreservationofenvironmentratherthaneconomicdevelopment.Logic-----Structure論證思路：常規(guī)選擇式:一邊倒；正正反補跳出模板式常規(guī)式一邊倒支持or反對/支持Aor支持BIntroBody1Body2Body3Con.常規(guī)式正正反補IntroBody1Body2Body3反-讓步論證反面；補-削弱反面Con.跳出式列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IntroCriteria1Criteria2Criteria3Con.Thebestwaytoseefilmsistogotothecinema?Thebestwaytoachievehappinessyourselfistomakeothershappy.練習(xí)2009.3.28Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldmaketheirsocialorpoliticalviewsknowntostudents.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?In20yearsfromnowon,studentswillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.2009.3.14Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itisbettertospendmoneyontravelingandvacationthantosavemoneyforthefuture.Others

對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)一邊倒正正反補--對讓步段進行反駁

跳出模式一邊倒IntroductionBody1正/反Body2正/反Body3正/反Conclusion正正反補IntroductionBody1Body2Body3反+補（對反的削弱）Conclusion跳出式IntroductionCriteria1Criteria2Criteria3ConclusionIntroduction基本開頭經(jīng)典開頭基本開頭1背景分析引入話題：幾個基本句型？？2兩派分析Ideasonthisissuekeepatconstantvariance.3自我觀點：六脈神劍引入句比較NothingISmorecontroversialthantheissue…倒裝Neverhasthesocietywitnessedsuchanissue..Suchisthehumannature/socialphenomenonthat….

…..neverfailtofascinatethepublic真理Itisthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat….Itisofcommonconsensusthat………擬人：1Rapturousapplauserecentlygreeted……

heatedcontroversy/concern/consensus2Thesocietyisnostrangerto…….經(jīng)典開頭話題引入句1真理性開頭It’sthetruth/factthathasbeenuniversallyacknowledged/acceptedthat…….如何想真理？？真理變爭議要改變,whichhaschangedtosomedegree….

于是導(dǎo)致爭議leadingtoadebate/controversywhether….

Publicfacilitiesorart?政府It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat________

但在現(xiàn)代面臨新問題—于是導(dǎo)致了一個爭議…..whichisnowconfrontedwith____anewproblembecauseofspiritualpursuitleadingtoahotdebatewhether……..Isuniversityeducationuseless?教育It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthatuniversityeducation_______,whichisnow______because..極大地改變了，于是導(dǎo)致了一個爭議….,leadingtoaheatedcontroversywhether……是否政府該鼓勵工業(yè)搬到農(nóng)村？環(huán)境It’sthetruththathasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthat___1____，whichisconfrontedwith__2___becauseofthesideeffecttothecity,givingriseto…..經(jīng)典開頭2事例性開頭描寫現(xiàn)象，例子證實，引出話題………,asitdid/doesinthecaseof…….Which………,leadingtoapro./debatewhether…………其他備選經(jīng)典開頭引入句4名言法----參見名言表自問自答法練習(xí)：電影在家ORCINEMA教育基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)文化建設(shè)科技

聰明幽默擇友

事情多---不能做好？bodyTS論點句SI論證句實質(zhì)：二級延伸如何寫論點句：思路：思維兩分—名詞聚焦---宏觀微觀常規(guī)式一級延伸TS

宏觀（社會）-關(guān)鍵詞1,2

正/A

微觀（個人）-關(guān)鍵詞3,4Topic

宏觀（社會）-關(guān)鍵詞5,6

反/B

微觀（個人）-關(guān)鍵詞7,8

常規(guī)式二級延伸分類拓展

關(guān)鍵詞1

正/A2Topic

反/B關(guān)鍵詞5

跳出式的二級延伸

1CriteriaTS----》SI分類TOPIC2CriteriaTS----》SI分類3CriteriaTS----》SI分類拓展思路方式：---列好處---寫原因教育類關(guān)于大學(xué)教育的討論好處正面：微觀:關(guān)鍵詞1knowledge長句子？…拓展關(guān)鍵詞2experience...宏觀：關(guān)鍵詞1人才elite---

反面：微觀：關(guān)鍵詞1exam-orientedsystem

教育類機經(jīng)練習(xí)理論學(xué)科實踐學(xué)科父母是最好的老師城市長大農(nóng)村長大學(xué)生打工年輕人什么也不能教家長

教育類詞匯Finalizeadecentjob/promisingjobLaydownasolidfoundationforourfuturedevelopment開拓眼界豐富知識Broadeninsightandenrichknowledge必修課選修課Compulsorycourseandoptionalcourse

旁聽auditthecourse多才多藝wellrounded/comprehensive/straightAstudent/versatile理論知識實踐知識Theoreticalknowledge/practicalknowledge人際交往能力Interpersonal/interactiveabilities/capabilities公司實習(xí)HavetheCompanyinternship適應(yīng)社會bewellfit/matchtheupcomingcompetition/applyto政策類2009.3.22Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Governmentsshouldfocusmoreonpreservationofenvironmentratherthaneconomicdevelopment.Economicdevelopment:好處？Environmentalpreservation:好處？原因？Pollution….拓展ResourceEndangeredanimalDoyouagreeordisagree:Somepeoplethinkthatalargeamountoftimeandmoneyshouldbespentontheconstructionofpublicfacilitiesbutothersthinkartsshouldbeemphasized.關(guān)于公眾設(shè)施or文化建設(shè)?好處Topic選擇一個贊同->名詞

簡單句a.theconstructionofpublicfacility微觀：1…..宏觀：1……..b.art微觀:1……./gallery/concert/animationandcartoonfestival宏觀:1………科技政府類詞匯取其精華去其糟粕Acceptingthegood/essenceandrejectingthebad/dross.MaterialandspiritualMentalandphysical對外開放

openuptotheoutsideworld.先進技術(shù)state-of-the-artconceptandtechnology雙刃劍？Twobladesword

環(huán)境保護類是否支持工業(yè)搬遷去農(nóng)村？1……減少污染？-----SI拓展？Firstly,encouragingtheindustryintothecountryside,____,will,___,reducethepollution,which…….保證可持續(xù)發(fā)展？Sustainabledevelopment環(huán)境類詞匯三廢？TheemissionoftheexhaustedairThedischargeofthewaste/stagnantwater、noise可飲用水Potablewater威脅生命？Endanger/threaten/jeopardizethesustaininglifeRawsewage未處理的污水2……..節(jié)省公司成本laborforceMoreover,theencouragementofthegovernmentwill,______,savetheproducingcostforthecompanies,which……擴大投資Enlargethescale合理利用資源Optimize/maximizetheresourceminimizethecost1) SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingharmed(damaged)byhumanactivity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthansavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?1.Ecologicalbalance(damaged,extinction,forest,birds,unique,limitednumber,valuable,meaningful)2.Researchvalue.(Medicalvalue,beneficial,gaininsightintotheworld.)3.Harmoniousenvironment(keepabalancebetween…and…)Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Azoohasnousefulpurpose.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer動物園沒有實用的目的，同意與否？

Insomecountries,peoplearenolongerallowedtosmokeinmanypublicplacesandofficebuildings.Doyouthinkthisisagoodruleorabadrule?有些國家禁止人們在公眾場合和辦公樓內(nèi)抽煙。其他練習(xí)Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldbepaidatleastasmuchasdoctors,lawyersorbusinessleadersarepaid.2009.1.18Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itisimportantforfamiliestoregularlyeattheirmealstogether.Theinfluenceofclassmatesismoreimportantthanthatfromtheparentsonthechildren.永遠不要放棄意味著堅持不懈，朝著目標(biāo)不要停止努力。生活中一度的痛苦終將成為將來的財富。

假設(shè)問題你會改變你家鄉(xiāng)的什么以吸引和你同齡的人？如果你是一個雇主，你愿意雇傭哪種類型的員工？低薪無經(jīng)驗的還是有高薪經(jīng)驗的？

如果你能回到過去的某一時間和地點，你愿意回到何時何地？假定你在準(zhǔn)備一次旅行。計劃離家一年。除了衣服和個人用具外，你可以帶一件其他的東西，你帶什么？如何寫拓展句方法論總結(jié)一寫好處---分類法則1人群分類2組成部分3畫面4例子5對比、反面二原因背景分析Industrymovingsavinglandforendangeredanimal?Conclusion重申Inthissense,……建議suggestion經(jīng)典推薦新概念3L124144問題解決類/報告類expositionYoungdrugabuse.Whatarethecauses?Whatarethesolutions?Similarly,juveniledelinquency.OutlineCauses個人individual家庭family學(xué)校school社會society政府governmentSolutions個人individual家庭family學(xué)校school社會society政府government問題類議論文---雅思四六級1background/statement----例子開頭2causes3solutions4conclusionC&S------個人individualC:Immature,curiousandna?ve/canneitherresistthetemptationaroundnormakeasoundjudgmentS:Stayawayfromtemptation/donotstepinbarsandnightclubs/focusontheirsoletask家庭familyC:Parentsburythemselvesincareer/onlycareaboutacademicperformancewhileignorechildren’smentalissues.S:Caremoreaboutchildren/spendmoretimewiththemtocommunicateeverythingconcerninggrowth學(xué)校schoolC:Examination-oriented/providelittleinformationontheharmofdrug/neglectmoralinstruction.S:Leadtheadolescentintherightway/fullyinformtheharmbroughtbydrug社會societyC:Mediamisleadyoungadultsbyfrequentlycoveringdrug-relatedscandalsofsomestars/theyoungmayconsideritcoolandimitatethebehavior.SupervisionS:Leadtheadolescentintherightway/fullyinformtheharmbroughtbydrug.政府governmentC:Looseregulationondrug,includingplanting,transportationanddealing/makedrugeasilyavailableinblackmarket.S:Tightsupervisionondrug/fightagainstdrugrigidly/severepenaltyonthecrimesofdrug經(jīng)典報告類新概念3課文47看圖類議論文----考研范例說明文description

四六級雅思現(xiàn)狀圖linechart----變化，趨勢柱狀圖barchart—比較餅狀圖piechart—比例表格題table—性征ⅠⅡⅢⅣABCD說明文寫作流程1Introduction2body(各個圖側(cè)重點不同)3conclusion1Introduction圖片介紹內(nèi)容，直入主題,改變題干，不抄寫a.根據(jù)圖片…..AccordingtothepictureAscanbeseenfromthecartoon

Asshowninthefigure…..b.圖片顯示……Thepicture/cartoon/figure/Illustration/chart/graphsuggests….顯示：Shows/reveals/suggests/illustrates/demonstrates/indicates/depicts/describes/exemplifies/displays時態(tài)注意當(dāng)句子主語是圖表中的信息時，時態(tài)由信息所對應(yīng)的時間來確定；如果沒有具體時間，默認(rèn)一般現(xiàn)在時。Introduction:ThetwochartsasfollowsshowstheelectricitydemandofwinterandsummerinEnglandanditsusageinEnglishhomerespectively.Aswecanseethefirstone….Asforthesecondone…..

Introduction:Thecurvechartasfollowsdemonstratestheworld’swateruseandthetablebelowdisplaystheconsumptionofwaterinBrazilandCongoin2000.上升：increase/rise/jumpto/goup/climbup/ascend/soar/surge/rocketup/expand/ascendto…說明文body線狀圖橫軸為綱找點體現(xiàn)變化趨勢下降：

fall/decline/godown/decrease/drop/

climbdown/shrink/descend/

taperoff/plummet/slump/plungeto…波動：fluctuate/vibrate//rebound

頂點：summit/peak/top/thehighestpoint低谷：bottom/thelowestpoint俗/nadir轉(zhuǎn)機/逆轉(zhuǎn)：turnthecorner/reversethetrend平穩(wěn)：stable/steady/constant/maintained保持：keep/remain/leveloff回升回落：pickup/gain/lostthemomentum動力加速：accelerate/speedup之后，然后：Then/later/afterthat/followedbyafterwards/sincethen/lateron/程度副詞，用來修飾以上變化動詞：劇烈類：greatly/enormously/sharply/steeply/suddenly/alarmingly/amazingly/massively/rapidly/dramatically/considerably/significantly/incredibly/substantially緩慢類：gradually/gently/steadily/slightly/slowlymarginally/inamoderateway/bytheleastamount/moderatelyWinter:at0o’clock,thedemandisnearly35000units/thenincreaseto/reach40000unitsat3o’clock/afterthat,declinesteadilytothebottom,with30000unitsonly,atabout8o’clock/sincethen,keeprisingatdifferentratestothepeak,whichisapproximately45000unitsat22o’clock/later,fallto35000unitsat0o’clockSummer:beginwith17000unitsat0o’clock/decreaseslowlyto13000unitsat9o’clock/reboundtothetop,withover20000unitsat14o’clock/duringtherestoftheday,keepfluctuatingbetween16000and20000unitsFrom1900to2000,theuseforagricultureroseobviouslyfrom500km3(in19000tonearly3000km3(in2000)/theindustrialuseanddomesticuse,whichbothconsumedverylittlewater,remainedalmostthesamefrom1900to1950/afterthat/theywentupslowly,reaching1000and300km3respectivelyin2000.說明文Body柱狀圖

以何為綱？一般以橫軸每個單位為綱，體現(xiàn)各個對象的不同比較類詞匯和句型All/justthesamecompare…with…Contrast…withBesuperiorto/inferiortoTodwarf…使渺小，遠多于TotoweroverTotranscend多于餅狀圖Body從大到小，體現(xiàn)比例

2006.1—2008.311次百分比詞匯和句型..intheratio/percentage/percentofaboutonetotwentytakeup/makeup/contribute/occupy/represent/accountfor….大約：about/around/approximately/nearlyEqually/evenlydivided/distributed…takesupthemost/…takesthelion’sshareUsage:heatingroomsandheatingwatertakeupmostofthepower,with52.5%/therestismostlyequallydividedby…,withtheproportion17.5%,15%and15%respectively.表格題table關(guān)鍵在于找到表達表達的癥結(jié)和問題所在，隱含信息是什么？Table:thetablepresentsthehugedifferencebetweenthetwocountries/asforthepopulation,Congo’spopulationwas5.2millionin2000,whichwasafragmentofBrazil’s176million/theirrigatedlandandwaterconsumptionperpersonsharedthe

samefeature/Brazilhad26500km2andaveragelyeachoneconsumed359m3whileCongoonlyhad100km2andconsumed8m3Tobeginwith,ittakestheeggs,whicharelaidbymoth,10daystobecomesilkwormlarva/itfeedsonmulberryleaf,and4-6weekslater,thelarvaproducesacocoonwithsilkthreadarounditself/afterafurther3-8days,thelarvadisappears/within16daysthemothcomesoutofcocoonandlifecyclestartsagain.Thereareseveralstepsintheproductionofsilkcloth/thecocoonshouldbecarefullyselectedandputinwatertobeboiled/afterthat/thesilkthreadaroundthecocoonisunwound,whichisusually300-900meterslong/thenitistw