虛幻引擎簡介課件

GameProgramminginUE4GameFramework&SampleProjectsGerkeMaxPreussnermax.preussner@GameProgramminginUE4GameFr1GameFrameworkHistoryUE1andUE2DesignedforFirstPersonShooters(FPS)UnrealScriptgamescriptinglanguageUE3KismetVisualScriptingaddedMoremodulargameclassesButstillveryFPScentricUE4UnrealScriptreplacedwithBlueprintsGamegenreagnosticLotsofsampleprojects!GameFrameworkHistoryUE1and2UnrealScriptvs.C++vs.BlueprintsUnrealScriptwas:Anobject-orientedscriptinglanguageSimilarinsyntaxtoC,C++,Java,butalsosomewhatdifferentCompiledtovirtualmachinebytecodeAddinginterestingfeatures,suchasStates,Timers,DelegatesBlueprintsare:AvisualscriptingsystemthatisartistanddesignerfriendlyUsingthesamevirtualmachineasUnrealScriptAlmostaspowerfulasUnrealScript,andinsomewaysevenbetterC++has:AlwaysbeenpartofUEgameprogrammingTightbi-directionalintegrationswiththevirtualmachineBeengreatlyimprovedinUE4toreplaceUnrealScriptforcodersC++BlueprintsVMUnrealScriptvs.C++vs.Bluep3SoWhatIsTheGameFramework?OverviewWhyUseIt?SetOfFoundationClassesProvidebasicstructureandfunctionsofyourgameYouderivefromtheclassesthatyouneedFillinthedetailsforyourparticulargameWhat’sMissing?GamegenrespecificimplementationsNoconceptofhealthanddeathNobuilt-inclassesforweapons,inventory,etc.SoWhatIsTheGameFramework?4SoWhatIsTheGameFramework?OverviewWhyUseIt?ReducedLearningCurveHidesthelow-leveldetailsofgameenginesBenefitfrom20+yearsofgamedevelopingexperienceManysamplesandtutorialsforsolvingcommontasksHighProductivityFocusonwhatreallymatterstoyou:makingyourgameSolvesmanytrickyproblemsingames(movement,input,etc.)GreatlyreducesboilerplatecodeneededforallgamesScalabilitySmoothlygrowyourgame&teamfromprototypetoAAASoWhatIsTheGameFramework?5FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisanActor?EntityinagamelevelUsuallycontainsoneormoreActorComponentsSupportsnetworkreplicationformultiplayergamesThingstoknowaboutActorsDon’thaveLocation,Rotation(storedinrootcomponent)CreatedwithSpawnActor()methodMustbedestroyedexplicitlywithDestroy()methodWillnotbegarbagecollectedduringthegameFundamentalConceptsActorsWhat6FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisanActorComponent?ReusablefunctionalitythatcanbeaddedtoanActorContainthemostinterestingfunctionality&eventsAlsoaccessibleinBlueprints!ExampleComponents:SceneComponent–AddstransformsandattachmentsPrimitiveComponent–AddscollisionandrenderingUAudioComponent,UArrowComponent,UInputComponent,ULightComponent,UMeshComponent,UParticleSystemComponentandmanymore!FundamentalConceptsActorsWhat7FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModePrimiviteComponentEventExamplesHit–CalledwhenbumpingintoawallBegin/EndOverlap–WalkintooroutofatriggerBegin/EndCursorOverClicked/ReleasedInputTouchBegin/EndBegin/EndTouchOverFundamentalConceptsActorsPrim8FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaPawn?AnagentintheworldOptionallypossessedbyaControllerUsuallyhandlesmovementandinputThingstoknowaboutPawnsGoodplacetoimplementhealthNomovementorinputcodebydefaultFundamentalConceptsActorsWhat9FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaController?AbrainthatcanpossessaPawnPlayerController:RepresentsahumanplayerAIController:ComputesAIbehaviorforPawnsThingstoknowaboutControllersPossessonePawnatatimeCanpersistafterpossessedPawndiesFundamentalConceptsActorsWhat10FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModePlayerControllerInterfaceforplayerstoagentsHandlestouches,clicks,keyboardShowing/hidingmousecursorGoodplacefornon-agentcodeMenus,voicechat,etc.ManyotherusefuloptionsFundamentalConceptsActorsPlay11FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaCharacter?SpecialPawnthatcanwalkComeswithusefulComponentsThingstoknowaboutControllersHandlescollisionClient-sidemovementpredictionMuchimprovementfromUE3FundamentalConceptsActorsWhat12FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaHUD?Head-UpDisplayResponsibleforin-gameUIThingstoknowaboutControllersImmediate-modedrawingAPINotoolsforbuildingHUDsUMGwillprovideallthethings!FundamentalConceptsActorsWhat13FundamentalConceptsActorsComponentsPawnControllerCharacterHUDGameModeWhatisaGameMode?ImplementsthegamerulesConfiguresdefaultclassesforPawn,Controller,HUD,etc.Canbeaccessedfromanywhere(GetGameMode())ThingstoknowaboutGameModesOnlyexistsontheserverandsingleplayerinstances!GameStateisusedtoreplicategamestatetoclientsDefaultgamemodecanbesetinProjectSettingsPer-mapoverridesinWorldSettingsFundamentalConceptsActorsWhat14OtherImportantConceptsInputCollisionReplicationAxes&ActionsCanbindtomouse,keyboard,touch,etc.DefinedinProjectSettingsInputProcessingOrderPlayerControllerLevelBlueprintPossessedPawnOtherImportantConceptsInputA15OtherImportantConceptsInputCollisionReplicationVariousCollisionQueryFunctionsLinetraces(raycasts)GeometrysweepsOverlaptestsSimpleCollisionBox,sphere,capsule,convexAuthoringtoolsinEditorUsedformovement,physics,etc.ComplexcollisionActualgraphicstrianglesUsedforweapons,kinem