新概念第三冊(cè)第27課課件

Lesson27

NothingtoSellandNothingtoBuy

不買(mǎi)也不賣(mài)

Lesson27

NothingtoSelland1Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.據(jù)說(shuō)每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來(lái)維持生活。Ithasbeensaidthat=itissaidthat據(jù)說(shuō)liveby以…為生Ithasbeensaidthateveryone2Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.根據(jù)這種說(shuō)法，教師靠賣(mài)知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣(mài)智慧為生，牧師靠賣(mài)精神安慰為生。inthelightof=accordingto,takingintoaccount依據(jù)，按照philosophers和priests后面都承前省略了live,為了避免重復(fù)。Inthelightofthisstatement3philosophern.哲學(xué)家Philosophyn.哲學(xué)TheancientGreekphilosopher蘇格拉底Socrates['s?kr?ti:z]柏拉圖Plato['pleit?u]亞里士多德Aristotle['?rist?tl]-Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth.-Ilovemyteacher,butIlovetruthmore.---Aristotlephilosophern.哲學(xué)家4新概念第三冊(cè)第27課ppt課件5wisdomn.智慧Platoisamanofwisdom.=Platoisawiseman.wiseadj.英明的，明智的-Imadeawisechoice.wisdomteethThis

wisdom

that

yousimply

learnfrom

others’

is

notenough.

On

the

basis

of

it,

youshould

build

yourown

ideas.wisdomn.智慧6priestn.牧師the

threemajorreligions

ofthe

world:基督教Christian['kr?st??n]佛教Buddhism['b?d?z?m]伊斯蘭教Islamism['izl?miz?m]天主教Catholicism[k?'θ?lisiz?m]道教Taoism

['ta?'?z?m]印度教Hinduism['hinduiz?m]priestn.牧師7Christian

8Buddhism['b?d?z?m]Buddhism['b?d?z?9Islamism['izl?miz?m]Islamism['iz10Taoism

['ta?'?z?m]Taoism

['t11

Hinduism

['hinduiz?m]Hinduism

['hind12spiritualadj.精神上的，非物質(zhì)的spirituallife/spiritualneedspiritedadj.精神飽滿(mǎn)的，生機(jī)勃勃的，英勇的aspiritedgirllow-spirited沮喪的high-spirited興奮的aspiriteddebate熱烈的辯論public-spiritedadj.有愛(ài)國(guó)心的,有公德心的（名詞public-spiritedness）Thankstoagroupofpublic-spiritedcitizens,theKrippendorfgardenhasbeenpreserved.多謝一群有公德心的市民，克利彭多夫花園才得以維持下去。spiritualadj.精神上的，非物質(zhì)的13Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，交代“先決條件是…”intermsof從…方面說(shuō)來(lái)，按照The

book

offers

nothing

in

terms

of

a

satisfactory

conclusion.Thoughitmaybepossibletom14Itisthefashionnowadays,forinstance,toexplainallsocialunrestintermsofeconomicconditions.Itisthefashionnowadays,fo15Therearetimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlives,yetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeeforofferinguspreciselythisservice.有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。a

high

fee

高昂的費(fèi)用preciselyadv.精確地；恰恰Therearetimeswhenwewould16grudge

vt.懷恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做n.怨恨；惡意；妒忌Hegrudgedpayinghistaxes.

他不愿付稅金。-Hiscrudemastergrudgedhimeventhefoodheate.Hegrudgedmemysalary.

他吝于給我薪水。-Hegrudgedmysuccess.(vt.妒忌，怨恨)Theygrudgedhimhisprize.

他們嫉妒他得獎(jiǎng)。grudgevt.懷恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做17surgeonn.外科大夫surgeryn.外科手術(shù)The

plastic

surgeon

undercuttheskin

of

her

cheek.

整容外科醫(yī)生將她的臉皮下部切開(kāi)。physician[f?'z???n]n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

gynecologist[,ɡa?n?'kɑl?d??st]n.婦科醫(yī)生pediatrician[,pid??'tr???n]n.兒科醫(yī)生

dentistn.牙科醫(yī)生nasal

['nezl]/ear/oral/braindoctor鼻科/耳科/口腔/腦科醫(yī)生surgeonn.外科大夫18Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthat

skillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.社會(huì)上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢(qián)去買(mǎi)的，就像在商店里要花錢(qián)買(mǎi)商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。such后面的that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，such是代詞。這個(gè)從句中的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明是“什么樣的方法”。動(dòng)詞不定式to

sell充當(dāng)something的后置定語(yǔ)。Theconditionsofsocietyare19Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanbeingstoarousethepityofpassers-by.在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過(guò)路人的憐憫。tramps

n.[tr?mp]流浪漢to

his

general

rule作證句子的補(bǔ)充狀語(yǔ)。to

arouse

the

pity

of

passers-by是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作目的狀語(yǔ)，即“出售本人的目的是引起過(guò)路人的憐憫”。Trampsseemtobetheonlyexc20passer-byn.過(guò)路人（復(fù)數(shù)passers-by）looker-on旁觀者father-in-law

岳父，公公mother/son/daughter/brother/sister-in-law岳母/婆婆/女婿/兒媳婦/姐夫，妹夫/夫或妻的姐妹passer-byn.過(guò)路人（復(fù)數(shù)passers-by）21Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingtosellandrequirenothingfromothers.但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西.這句話由but引導(dǎo)，是對(duì)上句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折。to

sell作nothing的后置定語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句由and連接。Butrealtrampsarenotbeggar22Inseekingindependence,theydonotsacrificetheirhumandignity.在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。in

seeking…為固定搭配，意思是“在追求…的過(guò)程中”。Atrampmayaskyouformoney,buthewillneveraskyoutofeelsorryforhim.游浪漢可能會(huì)向你討錢(qián)，但他從來(lái)不要你可憐他。這個(gè)句子由兩個(gè)并列的分句構(gòu)成，兩個(gè)分句中各含有一個(gè)重要短語(yǔ)ask

sb.for

sth.(向某人索要某物)，ask

sb.to

do

sth.(要求某人做某事)。Inseekingindependence,they23dignityn.尊嚴(yán)，高貴loseone'sdignity丟面子，失去尊嚴(yán)-Ifyouareafraidoflosingyourdignity,youcan'texpecttolearnaforeignlanguage.-Althoughsheisverypoor,shehasnotlostherdignity.dignityn.尊嚴(yán)，高貴24Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences.

他是故意在選擇過(guò)那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。he

leads作life的定語(yǔ)從句，前面省去了關(guān)系代詞that。Hehasdeliberatelychosento25deliberatelyadv.故意地（=onpurpose）-Hecougheddeliberately/onpurposetoattractmyattention.adv.慎重地，深思熟慮地-Hemadeadecisiondeliberately.deliberatelyadv.故意地（=onpurp26consequencen.后果，結(jié)果inconsequence因此，結(jié)果-Itrainedyesterdayandinconsequencethematchwascanceled.inconsequenceof因?yàn)?..的緣故，由于-Hedidn'tcometoschoolinconsequenceofhisillness.taketheconsequenceof承擔(dān)...的責(zé)任-Youhavetotaketheconsequenceoftheaccident.consequencen.后果，結(jié)果27Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealiscomingfrom,butheisfreefromthethousandsofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.他可能從不知道下頓飯有無(wú)著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬(wàn)樁愁事所折磨。where

the

next

meal

is

coming

from是謂語(yǔ)be

sure所指的內(nèi)容，即賓語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾anxieties,指“…的煩心事”。befreefrom不受..的影響，后面常接pain,trouble,danger.Hemayneverbesurewherethe28afflictv.使苦惱，折磨beafflictedwith受...折磨-Heisafflictedwithadisease.Sheisafflictedwithaconscience

她受良心的責(zé)備。afflictionn.痛苦，苦惱The

thoughtthat

"this

person

is

the

onlyone

for

me"

is

the

root

of

the

affliction.

那種認(rèn)為“這個(gè)人是我的唯一”的想法是痛苦的根源。afflictv.使苦惱，折磨29Hisfewmaterialpossessionmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease.

他幾乎沒(méi)有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是to

move

from

place

to

place

with

ease。with

ease相當(dāng)于easily。Hisfewmaterialpossessionma30easen.容易withease熟練地，輕而易舉地（=easily）-Hefinishedthetaskwithease。atease安逸，自由自在-Heisquiteateaseinpublic.be/feelillatease局促不安，心神不寧-Ialwaysfeelillateaseinastrangeenvironment.easen.容易31Byhavingtosleepintheopen,hegetsfarclosertotheworldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.由于被迫在露天睡覺(jué)，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。by

having

to

sleep

in

the

open是介詞短語(yǔ)，作原因狀語(yǔ)，意即“由于不得不露宿”。get

close

to的意思是“接近…”。get

far

closer

to…than…的意思是“比…接近…得多”。do代替getclose

to

the

world

of

nature。Byhavingtosleepintheopen32naturen.大自然naturereserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)n.本性humannature人性，人類(lèi)本性-Caringanimalsishumannature.naturen.大自然33Hemayhunt,beg,orstealoccasionallytokeephimselfalive;hemayevenintimesofrealneed,doalittlework;buthewillneversacrificehisfreedom.為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。intimesof在…的時(shí)候句中兩個(gè)分號(hào)表明這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句均為并列關(guān)系。Hemayhunt,beg,orstealocc34Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontempt

andputtheminthesameclassasbeggars,buthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?說(shuō)起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類(lèi)。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說(shuō)我們對(duì)流浪漢的簡(jiǎn)樸生活與無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？as

beggars是class的定語(yǔ)。這里的as是關(guān)系代詞，意思是“他們和乞丐歸為同一類(lèi)”。their

freedom

from

care的意思是“他們的無(wú)憂無(wú)慮”，freedom

from

care相當(dāng)于free

from

care,只是由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)和對(duì)詞性的要求而把free改為freedom。Weoftenspeakoftrampswith35contemptn.蔑視holdsb.incontempt=lookdownuponsb.鄙視某人Iholdhimincontemptbecausehehasnothingtodoeveryday.incontemptof不顧；不把…放在眼里；藐視Hewentabroadincontemptofhisfather'sobjection.contemptn.蔑視36contemptibleadj.可鄙的，可輕視的，不齒的Heisacontemptibleperson.You

can

tell

he

isa

rude

and

contemptible

man

bythe

content

of

his

hostile

comments.

從他充滿(mǎn)仇意的言語(yǔ)內(nèi)容中，大家不難看出他是個(gè)粗野可鄙的人。contemptibleadj.可鄙的，可輕視的，不齒的37enviousadj.羨慕的，嫉妒的beenviousofIamenviousofyoursuccess.jealous['d??l?s]adj.妒忌的，吃醋的，羨慕的Heisjealousofoursuccess.envious羨慕j(luò)ealous嫉妒，含貶義envious，jealousandhatefulenviousadj.羨慕的，嫉妒的38Comprehensionquestions1.Ithasbeensaideveryonelivesbydoingwhat?Bysellingsomething.2.Whatdoteacherslivebyselling?Knowledge.3.Wholivebysellingwisdom?Philosophers.4.Andwhataboutthepriests?Theylivebysellingspiritualcomforts.Comprehensionquestions1.Ith395.Howdifficultisittoestimatethetruevalueofservicesthatpeopleperform?Extremelydifficult.6.Wouldmostofuswillinglygiveupeverythingwepossesstosaveourlives?Yes,wewould.7.Butwhomightwegrudgepaying?Asurgeon.8.Whathastobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidfor?Skills.5.Howdifficultisittoesti409.Trampsseemtobeanexceptiontotherule.Whatistherule?Everyonehassomethingtosell.10.Whatdobeg