2023年閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練試題二

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練試題二

一、閱讀理解

1、Stressmaybedefinedastheresponseofthebodytoany

demand.Wheneverpeopleexperiencesomethingpleasantor

unpleasant,wesaytheyareunderstress.Wecallthepleasant

kindeustress,theunpleasantkinddistress.

Peoplesometimescompareourlifewiththatofthecavemanwho

didn'thavetoworryaboutthestockmarketortheatomicbomb.

Theyforgetthatthecavemanworriedaboutbeingeatenbyabear

oraboutdyingofhunger—thingsthatfewpeopleworryabout

today.It'snotthatpeoplesuffermorestresstoday;it'sjust

thattheythinktheydo.

Itisinconceivablethatanyoneshouldhavenostressatall.

Mostpeoplewhoareambitiousandwanttoaccomplishsomething

liveunderstress.Theyneedit.Butexcessivestressisbyall

meansharmful.Worse,chronicexposuretostressoveralong

timemaycausemoreseriousdiseasesandmayactuallyshorten

yourlife.

Themostfrequentcausesofdistressinmenare

psychological—lackofadaptability,nothavingacodeof

behaviour.Sothesecretofcopingwithstressisnottoavoid

it,buttodowhatyou1iketodoandwhatyouaremadetodo,

atyourownrate.Formostpeople,itisreallyamatterof

learninghowtobehaveinvarioussituations.Themost

importantthingistohaveacodeoflife,toknowhowtolive

Themodernmanissuffering()

A.morestressthanthecaveman

B.lessstressthanthecaveman

C.differentstressfromthecaveman

D.thesamestressasthecaveman

2、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatements

isNOTtrue()

A.Everyonewillsuffercertainkindsofstressinhislife

B.Chronicexposuretostressmayshortenyourlife

C.Excessivestressisespeciallyharmfultohealth

D.Mostpeoplecanlearntoavoidstress

3、Inthethirdsentenceofthethirdparagraph,itrefers

to()

A.stress

B.ambitiouspeople

C.something

D.confidence

4、Accordingtothepassage,oneshould()

A.trytoavoidasmuchstressaspossible

B.copewithstressindifferentways

C.learntodothingsathisownrate

D.havetheresponseofthebodytoanydemand

5^Tobeagoodmanager,youmustbecarefultodistinctly

definetheproperboundarybetweenyourselfandyourstaff.

Herearesomepointstoremember.

Beclearabouttherelationship.Tomaintaintherespectfor

youremployeeswhi1ebeingfriendswiththem,youmustbedirect

aboutthenatureofyourbusinessrelationship.Thismeans

beingclearaboutwhatthegoalsare,howyouremployeesare

tohelpyoureachthem,andwhattheycanexpectfromyou.By

communicatingthesethingsclearly,youavoidtheriskthatan

employeecanmisinterpretyourfriendshipandbehaveinan

unprofessionalmanner.

Besocial—toadegree.Inmostoffices,there'susuallyalot

ofsocialnetworking,whetherit'saFridaylunchordrinks

afterwork.It'snaturalformanagerstobeapartofthat.Just

remembertosocializewitheveryone,becarefulwithalcohol,

anddon'tbethelastoneattheparty.Also,keepsocializing

attheofficetoaminimum.Youwanttoensurethatyouare

respectedaswellasliked.

Don'tfakeit.Maybeyouwanttotrytobefriendswithallyour

employees,becauseyouthinkthatwouldstrengthenyourteam.

Whilesomemanagementtrainingcoursesstressthatbosses

shouldasktheirstaffabouttheirpersonallives,suchastheir

weekendplans,theirfamilies,ortheirchildren,suchefforts

canbackfireifthemanagerisviewedasnotsincere.It'sokay

toaskoccasionalquestionsofstaff,butdon，tmakeabig

productionoutofit.Gettingtoknowpeopletakestime

Topreventemployeesfrombehavingunprofessionally,managers

should()

A.showrespectfortheiremployees'individualneeds

B.letthemknowabouttheirfuturecareerdevelopment

C.setshort-termandlong-termgoalsfortheirbusiness

D.makethemclearaboutthenatureofthebusiness

relationship

6、AccordingtoParagraph3,managersareadvised()

A.tocreateafriendlyworkenvironmentfortheirstaff

B.tokeepsocializingwiththeemployeestoadegree

C.toavoidsocializingwiththeiremployeesafterwork

D.tobethefirstpersontoapartyortoagathering

7^Thewordbackfireinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans

()

A.strengthentherelationship

B.startafireinthebackyard

C.produceanundesiredresult

D.improvemanagementskills

8^Thepassageismainlyabouttheimportanceof()

A.managementtrainingcoursesforemployers

B.theproperrelationshipbetweenmanagersandstaff

C.settingbusinessgoalsforbothmanagersandstaff

D.beingapartofsocialnetworkingforagoodmanager

9、Sometimesyou'11hearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothers

untilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'11hearpeoplesaythat

youcan(texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyoulove

yourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthis

canbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofour

parents,eye,andthatourgrandmasthinkwearegreattalents

andourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,

butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughts

aboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisa

challenge,itistimeyoubuiltapositiveself-imageandlearnt

toloveyourself.

Theself-imageisyourownmind，spictureofyourself.This

imageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyou

talkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesare

oftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.

Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethanthey

shouldbe,andthuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourself

isthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackand

decidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyou

needto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoevery

day.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.

Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegative

self-imagebecauseyoucan,tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthat

youseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakea

changeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyouaresilly

becauseyouaren'tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou

areweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile,gettothetrackand

practice.Ifyouthinkyouaredullbecauseyoudon，twearthe

latesttrend,buyafewnewclothes.

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealize

thatyourimageisfarfromobjectiveandtoactivelyconvince

yourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthink

andworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongway

towardspromotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpat

yourselfontheback,you,11knowyou'rewellonyourway

Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou()

A.daretochallengeyourself

B.feelithardtochangeyourself

C.areunconfidentaboutyourself

D.haveahighopinionofyourself

10、Accordingtothepassage,ourself-images()

A.havepositiveeffects

B.areprobablyuntrue

C.areoftenchangeable

D.havedifferentfunctions

11、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout()

A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess

B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife

C.Howtobuildapositiveself-image

D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities

12、Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage()

A.Parents

B.Adolescents

C.Educators

D.Peopleingeneral

13、

43.()

14、44.____()

15、45.()

16、46.()

17、

47.()

18、48.____()

19、49.____()

20、50.____()

21、Whenweseewell,wedonotthinkaboutoureyesveryoften.

Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehow

importantoureyesare.

Peoplewhoarenear-sightedcanonlyseethingsthatarevery

closetotheireyes.Everythingelseseemsblurry,sotheyneed

glasses.Manypeoplewhodoalotofwork,suchaswriting,

readingandsewing,becomenear-sighted.Thenpeoplewhoare

far-sightedsufferfromjusttheoppositeproblem.Theycansee

thingsthatarefaraway,buttheyhavedifficultyinreading

abookunlesstheyholditatanarm，slength.Iftheywantto

domuchreading,theymustgetglasses,too.

Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenot

exactlytherightshape.Theyhavewhatiscalledastigmatism

(散光).This,too,canbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople，s

eyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts(白內(nèi)障).Longagothese

peopleoftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibleto

operateonthecataractsandremovethem.

Havingtwogoodeyesisimportantforjudgingdistance.Each

eyeseesthingsfromaslightlydifferentangle.Toprovethis

toyourself,lookatanobjectoutofoneeye;thenlookatthe

sameobjectoutofyourothereye.Youwillfindtheobject，s

relationtothebackgroundandotherthingsaroundithas

changed.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwodifferenteyeviews

helpsustojudgehowfarawayanobjectis.Peoplewhohave

onlyoneeyecannotjudgedistanceaspeoplewithtwoeyes

Whenthingsfarawayseemblurry,oneisprobably()

A.near-sighted

B.far-sighted

C.astigmatic

D.sufferingfromcataracts

22、Peoplewhosufferfromastigmatismhave()

A.oneeyebiggerthantheotherone

B.eyesthatarenotexactlytherightshape

C.aneyedifficultythatcanbecorrectedbyanoperation

D.aneyedifficultythatcannotbecorrectedbyglasses

23、Someeyeproblemscanbecorrectedbyglassesexcept

()

A.astigmatism

B.cataracts

C.near-sightedness

D.far-sightedness

24、Havingtwoeyesinsteadofoneisparticularlyusefulfor

()

A.seeingatnight

B.seeingobjectsfaraway

C.lookingoverawidearea

D.judgingdistance

25、Whydohumanbeingsstillrisktheirlivesunderground

anddoingoneofthedirtiestandmostdangerousjobsinthe

world?Itisanincreasinglyurgentquestion,giventherecent

miningaccidentsinSago,W.VaandHuntington,Utah.Asmall

groupofengineersandroboticsexpertslookforwardtoaday

inthenot-too-distantfuturewhenrobotsandother

technologiesdomostofthedangerousminingwork.

Robotictechnology,inparticular,holdsmuchpromise,McAteer

says,especiallywhenitcomestomappingminesandrescuing

trappedminers—thespecialoperationsoftheminingindustry.

Oneofthefirstminingrobotswasdevelopedfiveyearsagoat

CarnegieMellonUniversity;sRoboticsInstitute.Itwascalled

Groundhog.Itusedlasers（激光器）toseeindarktunnelsand

mapabandonedmines一someofthemostdangerousworkinthe

business.

ThelatestdesigniscalledCaveCrawler.It'sabitsmaller

thanGroundhog,andevenmoreadvanced.Itcantakephotosand

videosandhasmoresensorsthatcandetectthepresenceof

dangerousgases.Incredibly,therobothasarealsenseoflogic.

Ifitcomesacrossanobstacle,itgetsmomentarilyconfused.

Ithastothinkaboutwhattodoandwheretogonext.Sometimes

itthrowsafitjustlikearealperson.

Thegreatestproblem,though,iscost.Themoneyoftheearliest

researchprojectwasprovidedbythegovernment,butthatmoney

hasdriedup,andit'snotclearwherethefuturemoneywill

comefrom.Partlyforthatreason,andpartlybecauseof

advancesinsafety,miningisnotnearlyasdangerousasitwas

inthepast.Since1990,fatalities（死亡）havedeclinedby

67%andinjuriesby51%,accordingtotheNationalMining

Association.

Someexpertspredictthatrobotsinmineswillservemuchof

thesamefunctionthattheydointheautomotiveindustry.The

robotsdothemostboringanddangerousjobs,butwon'tgetrid

oftheneedforhumanworkers

TheunderlinedphrasethrowsafitinParagraph4probablymeans

()

A.getsangry

B.getssick

C.becomeshungry

D.becomescheerful

26、Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat()

A.robotsinmineswillservemuchintheautomotiveindustry

B.therewillbenoneedforhumanworkersinmines

C.theminingrobotswillhaveaverybrightfuture

D.robotsinminesonlydosomesimplejobsnow

27、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat()

A.theminingrobotsdomostoftheminingworkatpresent

B.Groundhogcandiscoverthepresenceofdangerousgases

C.expertsaretryingtomakerobotshelpminerswith

dangerouswork

D.robotscannotdodangerousworkindarkareas

28、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage()

A.MiningAccidentsinAmerica

B.RobotsinMines

C.CaveCrawler,theLatestRobot

D.TheFutureofRobots

29、Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithserious

lifelongconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimates

fortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Datafrommany

countries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,are

lacking.

Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Current

estimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethod

ofresearchused.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesreveal

thatapproximately20%ofwomenand5%to10%ofmenreportbeing

sexuallyabusedaschildren,while25%to50%ofallchildren

reportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildren

aresubjecttoemotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas

psychologicalabuse).

Everyyear,thereareabout31,000homicidedeathsinchildren

under15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentofthe

problem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochild

maltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedtofalls,burnsand

drowning.

Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamilies

andcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcauses

stressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybrain

development.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthe

nervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,

maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural,

physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouraland

mentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributeto

heartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmitted

infections.

Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereis

aneconomicimpact,includingcostsofhospitalization,mental

healthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.

Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeen

identified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocial

andculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenweattempt

tounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.

Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsand

arenevertoblameformaltreatment.Anumberof

characteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethe

likelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfour

yearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,failingtofulfill

theexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,crying

persistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures

ThewordunderestimatesinParagraph3means()

A.exaggerates

B.pointsout

C.assumes

D.miscalculates

30、Childmaltreatmentcanbringallthefollowing

consequencesEXCEPT()

A.stress

B.suicide

C.heartdisease

D.poormemory

31、Howmanyaspectsareincludedintheeconomicconsequences

duetochildmaltreatment()

A.Costsofhospitalizationandmentalhealthtreatment

B.Childwelfareandlonger-termhealthcosts

C.Tuitionfees

D.BothAandB

32、Childrenaremorelikelytobemaltreatedifthey()

A.cryalot

B.arenotgood-looking

C.areover4yearsold

D.arequiet

33、

43.()

34、44.__.()

35、45.___()

36、46.___()

37、

47.()

38、48._____()

39、49._____()

40、50.()

41、Afteraday,shardwork,weneedsomesleep.Duringthe

sleep,thefatigueofthebodydisappearsandrecuperation

(恢復(fù))begins.Thetiredmindgathersnewenergy,andthe

memoryimproves.

Someadultsrequirelittlesleep;othersneedeighttotenhours

ineverytwenty-fourhours.Infantssleepsixteentoeighteen

hoursdaily,theamountgraduallydiminishingastheygrow

older.Youngstudentsmayneedtwelvehours;university

studentsmayneedten.Aworkerwithaphysicallydemandingjob

mayalsoneedten,whereasanexecutiveworkingundergreat

pressuremaymanageonsixtoeight.Manyfamouspeoplehave

littlesleep.NapoleonBonaparte,ThomasEdisonandCharles

Darwinapparentlyaveragedonlyfourtosixhoursanight.

Whateveryourindividualneedis,youcanbesurethatbythe

ageofthirtyyouwillhavesleptforatotalofmorethantwelve

years.Bythatageyouwillalsohavedevelopedasleeproutine:

afavoritehour,afavoritebed,afavoriteposition,andarule

youneedtofollowinordertorestcomfortably.

Investigatorshavetriedtofindouthowlongapersoncango

withoutsleep.Severalpeoplehavereachedmorethan115

hours—nearlyfivedays.Whateverthelimitis,itisabsolute.

Animalsthatkeptawakeforfromfivetoeightdayshavedied

ofexhaustion.The1imitforhumanbeingsisprobablyabouta

week

Bywritingthispassage,thewriterintendstotellusthat

()

A.sleepisimportantforgoodhealth

B.alightsleepisasrestfulasadeepsleep

C.memoryisimprovedduringsleep

D.sleepisrelativelyunimportantforhumanbeings

42、FromtheamountofsleepNapoleon,Edison,andDarwin

required,wecanconclude()

A.thattheywerefamous

B.thattheywereexecutives

C.thattheywereintelligent

D.noneoftheabove

43、Theamountofsleeprequiredmay()

A.tireanindividual'smind

B.helpinfantsgrowolder

C.applypressuretoanexecutive

D.dependonanindividuaTsage

44、Theauthorimpliesthatifhumanbeingsarekeptawake

formorethanaweektheresult()

A.ishardtoimagine

B.willprobablybeamentalbreakdown

C.isdifficulttodescribe

D.willprobablybedeath

45、ALanguageProgrammeforTeenagers

WelcometoTeenagersAbroad!Weinviteyoutojoinusonan

amazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.

OurCourses

Regardlessofyourchoiceofcourses,you'11developyour

languageabilitybothquicklyandeffectively.

OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyour

confidenceinaforeignlanguage,withfocusedteachinginall

4skillareas—speaking,listening,readingandwriting.

OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse,with10

additionallessonsperweek,guaranteeingthefastestpossible

languagelearning(seethetablebelow).

Evaluation

Studentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrent

languageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguage

testbeforestartingtheirprogramme.However,ifthisisnot

available,studentscantaketheexamonthefirstMondayof

theircourse.

Learningmaterialsareprovidedtostudentsthroughouttheir

course,andtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsin

eachclass.

ArrivalandTransfer

Ourprogrammeoffersthefullpackage—studentsaretakengood

careoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.Theyare

collectedfromtheairportuponarrivalandbroughttotheir

accommodationincomfort.Werequirethestudents，fullflight

detailsatleast4weeksinadvance.

Meals/Allergies/SpecialDietaryRequirements

Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,dinnerandeithera

cookedorpackedlunch(whichconsistsofasandwich,adrink

andadessert).Snacksoutsideofmealtimesmaybepurchased

bythestudentindividually.

Weaskthatyouletusknowofanyallergiesordietary

requirementsaswellasinformationaboutanymedicineyoutake.

Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,

anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood

HowdoestheIntensiveCoursedifferfromtheStandardCourse

()

A.Itislesseffective

B.Itfocusesonspeaking

C.Itincludesextralessons

D.Itgivesyouconfidence

46、WhencanastudentattendtheStandardCourse()

A.During13:00^14:30onMonday

B.During9:00?12:30onTuesday

C.During13:00^14:30onFriday

D.During9:00^12:30onSaturday

47、Beforestartingtheirprogramme,studentsareexpected

to()

A.takealanguagetest

B.haveanonlineinterview

C.preparelearningmaterials

D.reporttheirlanguagelevels

48、Whichofthefollowingmayrequireanextrapayment()

A.Cookeddinner

B.Mealtimedessert

C.Packedlunch

D.Specialdiet

49、InthereceptionhalloftheBritishRoyalAcademyofDance,

thestatuesoffouroutstandingfemaledancersaredisplayed.

ThestonesculptureofDaiAilianisoneofthem.

DaiAilianwasborninTrinidad,anindependentrepublicinthe

WestIndies,in1916,withherforefatherslivingabroadfor

manyyears.In1930,shewenttoLondontostudydance.Many

famousdancerssuchasAntonDolin,RudolfLabanandMaryWigman

wereherteachers.Thoughballetandmoderndancewerenotwell

connectedatthattime,DaiAilianlearnedbothofthem.This