上海市嘉定區(qū)2018屆高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研(二模)英語試題(無聽力)

2018嘉定區(qū)高考英語二模2018.4II。GrammarandVocabulary謝謝閱讀SectionAStephenHawking:Science’sBrightestStar感謝閱讀HisfamilyreleasedastatementintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorningconfirminghisdeathathishomeinCambridge.謝謝閱讀Hawking’schildren,Lucy，RobertandTim，saidinastatement:“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinaryman(21)______workand感謝閱讀legacywillliveonformanyyears。"精品文檔放心下載Forfellowscientistsandlovedones,itwasHawking’sintuitionandwickedsenseofhumor(22）______精品文檔放心下載markedhimoutasmuchasthefierceintellectthat，coupledwithhisillness，cametosymbolize（23)______unboundedpossibilitiesofthehumanmind.感謝閱讀HawkingwasdriventoWagner,butnotthebottle，whenhe(24)______(diagnose）withmotorneurone精品文檔放心下載diseasein1963attheageof21.Doctorsexpectedhim（25)______(live)foronlytwomoreyears。But謝謝閱讀Hawkinghadaformofthediseasethatprogressedmoreslowlythanusual.Hesurvivedformorethanhalfacentury。謝謝閱讀Hawkingonceestimatedheworkedonly1，000hoursduringhisthreeundergraduateyearsatOxford。Inhisfinals，hecameclose（26）______afirst—andsecond-classdegree.（27）______（convince）精品文檔放心下載thathewasseenasadifficultstudent,hetoldhisexaminersthatiftheygavehimafirsthewouldmovetoCambridgetopursuehisphD。Awardasecondandhethreatenedtostay.Theyoptedforafirst.精品文檔放心下載Thosewholiveintheshadowofdeathareoftenthosewholivemost。ForHawking,theearlydiagnosisofhisterminaldisease,and（28）______(witness)thedeathfromleukemiaofaboyheknewinhospital，謝謝閱讀arousedafreshsenseofpurpose。“(29)______therewasacloudhangingovermyfuture,Ifound，tomy精品文檔放心下載surprise,thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore.Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch,”heoncesaid.Takinguphiscareerinearnest,hedeclared：“Mygoalissimple.Itisacomplete感謝閱讀understandingoftheuniverse，精品文檔放心下載

whyitis(30）______itisandwhyitexistsatall.”感謝閱讀SectionBA。G。

analysiscloudy

B.usuallyH.absent

C。I。

assurescultivate

D.poursJ.allow

E.developmentK.extremely精品文檔放心下載

F.necessaryHeiskindlyTheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr。andMrs.F。ScottFitzgerald,andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton,whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto__31__himselfintoagreatauthor。Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor.Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife__32__meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise,butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit__33__toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround。ThatTheVegetable,hisplay,didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohavedisappointedratherthandiscouragedhim.Heisstill__34__light-hearted.感謝閱讀Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists。Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle,northesuperbqualityofhissatire（諷刺)。Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand__35__ofcharacter.Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathispeculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill__36__.精品文檔放心下載BorninSt。Paul,heattendedPrinceton,servedintheArmy,wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp,achievedfameandfortune,marriedaSoutherngirl,hasachildandlivesinNewYork.Atheart,heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters。ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF。ScottFizgerald,andintohisownbestworkhe__37__greatefforts.Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers,andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness。Ihaveknownhim,afterreadingayoungfellow—novelist’sbook,totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy，careful__38__。精品文檔放心下載Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains__39__。Withafirmerreputationthanthatoftheotheryoungpeople，heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet，CyrilHume.Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework。Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe__40__theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls。精品文檔放心下載ReadingComprehensionSectionA感謝閱讀StandardsforSchools：DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability（績效）精品文檔放心下載Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteacher’sknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichthey謝謝閱讀work。Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades，timeforteacherstowork__41__withstudentstoaccomplishchallenginggoals,opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother,andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir__42__.感謝閱讀Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible,theymust,likeotherprofessionalorganizations,makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives。Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmeetregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe__43__ofeachaspectoftheirwork–apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation(評定）requirements,—schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness。謝謝閱讀AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation:GettingAccountabilityRight，school—levelaccountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool__44__，likethosecommoninmanyothernations，inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms,__45__samplesofstudentwork,andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences,__46__lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores，graduationrates,andsoon。Insomecases,principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons。Inthisway,theinspectorsareabletomake__47__abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence(能力）forprincipals.Asdescribedearlier，inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe__48__andcomparabilityofschool—basedassessments(asinEnglandandAustralia)，aswellasschool’sinternalassessmentandevaluationprocess(asinHongKong)。精品文檔放心下載Inmostcountries'inspectionsystems，schoolsareratedonthequalityofinstructionandotherservicesandsupports,aswellasstudents’__49__andprogressonawiderangeofaspects,includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas，suchasextra-curricular，personalandsocial__50__,theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe__51__towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda__52__lifestyle.Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection,needmodestimprovements,orrequireseriousintervention（介入）,andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspectorsbothsawand__53__。Reportsarepubliclyposted。Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert__54__andsupport，andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits。Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe__55__iftheyarenotimproved.謝謝閱讀41。A。occasionallyB。closelyC。strictlyD.peacefully謝謝閱讀42.A.challengesB.competenceC.curriculumD.practices感謝閱讀43。A.effectivenessB。faultsC。progressD。requirements感謝閱讀44。A。instructionB。protectionC。inspectionD.consideration感謝閱讀45.A.takingB。improvingC.examiningD。copying精品文檔放心下載46。A。asfarasB。ratherthanC。otherthanD.aswellas謝謝閱讀47.A。judgmentsB.decisionsC。inquiriesD。suggestions謝謝閱讀48。A。quantityB.qualityC。instructionD。support感謝閱讀49。A。educationB.performanceC.attentionD.interest謝謝閱讀50。A.responsibilityB.structureC。resourcesD。benefits精品文檔放心下載51。A.frequencyB.consistenceC.satisfactionD。extent精品文檔放心下載52。A.comparableB.healthyC。differentD。unique謝謝閱讀53.A.appreciatedB。criticizedC。recommendedD.rewarded謝謝閱讀54。A。attentionB。programsC.evaluationD.explanations謝謝閱讀55。A。setdownB.putdownC.closeddownD。pulleddown精品文檔放心下載SectionB(A）EyeScanTechnologyComestoSchools謝謝閱讀ABCNews:ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictnowcansubmittoiris（虹膜)scans,asthetechnologythathelpskeepournation’sairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives.謝謝閱讀Whenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriver’slicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan.Iftheirisimagecamerarecognizeshisorhereyes,thedoorclicksopen.謝謝閱讀

TheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictlaunchedthishigh—techsecuritysystemonMondaywithfundingfromtheDepartmentofJusticeaspartofastudyonthesystem’seffectiveness。精品文檔放心下載Asmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict,butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool，theywill精品文檔放心下載beaskedtoregisterwiththedistrict’sirisrecognitionsecurityand精品文檔放心下載visitormanagementsystem。Atthispoint，theNewJerseyprogram謝謝閱讀isnotamust。Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson,thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice。Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds。感謝閱讀ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport,wheretheprogramhasbeeninoperationsinceJuly。Ithas12，000subscriberswhopay＄79。95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks.精品文檔放心下載Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetails-farmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints.Thechancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes。感謝閱讀PhilMeara,theFreeholdDistrictofficial，saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive，theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection.“Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis,hereinNewJersey，onschoolsafety,”hesaid。“Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem.”感謝閱讀Mearaappliedfora$369，000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool。Sofar，300ofthenearly1，500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschoolhaveregisteredfortheeyescansystem.精品文檔放心下載56。WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem?感謝閱讀A.Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren.精品文檔放心下載B.ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools.精品文檔放心下載C。Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem.謝謝閱讀D.Tocollecttheinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents。精品文檔放心下載57。Whatmakestheeyesansystemmoreaccuratethanthefingerprintsystem?精品文檔放心下載A。Processingthedataoftheauthorizedpeoplefaster。精品文檔放心下載B。Identifyingthedataoftheadultstopickupchildren.感謝閱讀C。Submittingthedataoftheauthorizedpeopleconveniently。精品文檔放心下載D。Providingfarmoreuniquedetailsoftheauthorizedones.感謝閱讀58。HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren？謝謝閱讀A.Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem。謝謝閱讀B.Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools。感謝閱讀C。Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram.謝謝閱讀D。ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp。謝謝閱讀59。Theeyescansystemcanbebestdescribedas______。謝謝閱讀A。safeandcheapB。portableanduseful謝謝閱讀C.smartandaccurateD。popularandhelpful謝謝閱讀(B)SeniorManagerMajorGiftFundraising&SpecialProjects精品文檔放心下載BlindVeteransUKisthenationalcharityhelpingblindex-servicemenandwomenleadindependentandfulfillinglives。Weofferblindveteransaccesstothehighestqualityofservicestohelpthemdiscoverlifebeyondsightloss.WehaveanexcitingopportunityforaninnovativeandresourcefulindividualtojoinourPartnershipsteambasedatourheadquartersinLondon.TheteamfocusesonsecuringdonationsfromHNWIs,TrustsandCompanies.ThisrolefocusesonsecuringsupportfromHNWIs.Thespecialprojectsaspectoftherolerelatestoannualactivitiesthatofferanopportunitytodeveloprelationshipswiththetargetaudience.感謝閱讀Wearelookingforanexperiencedindividualwithasoundtrackrecordinthefollowingareas:精品文檔放心下載Identifyingprospectswiththecapacityandtendencytosupport謝謝閱讀Developingandimplementingcultivationandmarketingstrategies精品文檔放心下載Managingadocumentofcurrentaswellasprospectivemajordonors精品文檔放心下載Planninganddrivingpeertopeerfundraising感謝閱讀Organizingpromotionevents感謝閱讀Deliveringagainstapersonaltargetandteamtargets謝謝閱讀Thesuccessfulcandidatewillalsohavesomepeoplemanagementexperienceandanexpertinmajorgiftfundraisingprocesseswillbeconsideredaspriority.謝謝閱讀Inreturnforyourtalent,weoffercompetitiveconditionsofserviceandaconduciveenvironment.Toapply，pleasesendyouruptodateCVandSupportingStatementofnotmorethan500wordstoRecruitment。Ldn＠.uk,outlininghowyourskillsandexperiencemeetthepersonspecification.精品文檔放心下載Interviewdate:Weekstartingfrom26March2018精品文檔放心下載PleasenoteonlyapplicantswhosubmitaCVwithasupportingstatementwillbeconsidered.謝謝閱讀Duetothehighnumberofenquiriesandapplicationswereceiveforourvacancieswedon’tacknowledgeeachone–ifyouhaven'theardfromuswithinaweekoftheclosingdate，pleaseassumethatwewon’tbeinvitingyouforaninterview。Youare，ofcourse，welcometotryagainifasuitablepostcomesup。Weareunabletoprovidefeedbacktocandidatesnotshortlistedforinterview.感謝閱讀60.Thepassageismainlywrittento______.謝謝閱讀A。invitepeopletojointhefundraisingeventsB.seektherightpersontobeSeniorManagerC.informtheblindveteransofmoneyserviceD。attracttheinterestofpotentialdonors61。Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE？精品文檔放心下載A.Theapplicationfailsifoneisn’tinformedbefore26March.精品文檔放心下載B.Theapplicationshouldincludealengthypersonalstatement。精品文檔放心下載C。Alltheapplicantswillreceiveaninvitationbeforeinterview.精品文檔放心下載D。Theapplicantsshouldsendhisapplicationwhenheisfree.精品文檔放心下載62.Whatexperienceismostlikelytohelpacandidatestandout？A.Peoplemanagementexperience。B.Annulactivitiesexperience.精品文檔放心下載C.Peertopeerfundraisingexperience。D。Large—scalefundraisingexperience。謝謝閱讀(C）Asbusinessesandgovernmentshavestruggledtounderstandtheso—calledmillennials-bornbetweenroughly1980and2000—onefrequentconclusionhasbeenthattheyhaveauniqueloveofcities.Adeep-seatedpreferencefornightlifeandsubways，thethinkinggoes，hasdriventheprosperityofurbancoresacrosstheU.S。overthelastdecade-plus。謝謝閱讀Butthere'smountingevidencethatmillennials’loveofcitieswasonlyapassingfling（放縱）.Millennialsdon’tlovecitiesanymorethanpreviousgenerations。謝謝閱讀ThelatestargumentcomesfromDowellMyers，anurbanplanningprofessoratUSC.Astheyage,says精品文檔放心下載Myers,millennials'presenceincities,will“beevaporating…throughourfingers,ifwedon’tmakesomeplansnow?！盩hat’sbecausemillennials’preferenceforcitieswillfadeastheystartfamiliesandbecome精品文檔放心下載moreestablishedintheircareers。感謝閱讀It’saboutmorethanaging,though.DemographerWilliamFreyhasbeenarguingforyearsthatmillennialshavebecome‘stuck'incitiesbythe2008downturnandthefollowingslowrecovery，withpoorjobprospectsanddecliningwagesmakingitharderforthemtoaffordtobuyhomesinsuburbia。謝謝閱讀Myers,too，saysobservershaveconfusedyoungpeople’spresenceincitieswithapreferenceforcities。Surveydatashowsthatmoremillennialswouldliketobelivinginthesuburbsthanactuallyare。Butthenormalcareerandfamilycyclesmovingyoungpeoplefromcitiesintosuburbanhouseshavebecome,in感謝閱讀Myers’words,“apluggedupdrain.”精品文檔放心下載Butunemploymenthasfinallyreturnedtohealthylows（thoughparticipationratesandwagesarestilllargelydepressing)，whichMyerssaysshouldfinallyincreasemobilityformillennials.謝謝閱讀Othertrendsamongmillennials，supposedlymattersoflifestylepreference,havealreadyturnedouttohavebeendrivenmostlybyeconomics。Whatwasonceconsideredtheirbroadpreferenceforpublictransitmayhavealwaysbeenanow-reversinginabilitytoaffordcars.Evendecades-longtrendstowards精品文檔放心下載marryinglaterhavebeenstressedastoday’syoungpeoplestruggleforfinancialstability.謝謝閱讀Investorsarealreadytakingtheideathatmillennialswillreturntooldbehaviorpatternsseriously，puttingmoremoneyintoautomanufacturersanddevelopers.Buturbanlifestyles，uptoandincludingtrendybars,aren’tjustmodern—they’reapartofwhatpowersacity'seconomicengines，bringingpeopletogethertoexplorenewideas,createcompanies，andbuildcareers。謝謝閱讀Fromthe1960stothe1990s，wesawthatsuburbanizationalsomeansaneconomicandsocialhollowing謝謝閱讀outforcities。Nowthattheeconomicrestrictionsarecomingofftoday’syoungcityresidents,citiesthat精品文檔放心下載wanttostayvibranthavetofigureouthowtoconvincethem—andtheirgrowingfamilies-tostickaround。63.Overthelastdecade,whatisthoughttohaveensuredtheprosperityofthecity？A。Fasteconomicdevelopment.B.Around—the—clockclubservices.感謝閱讀C。Convenientpublictransport。D。Well—establishedcareers。謝謝閱讀64。WhyareMillennialsabouttoleavecity？感謝閱讀A。Itistooexpensiveforthemtobuyapartmentincities。謝謝閱讀B.Theyfinditdifficultfortoseekagoodjobincities。精品文檔放心下載C。Itiseasiertogetmarriedmovingtothesuburban。謝謝閱讀D。Theyaremoreconfidentwiththeireconomicsituation。感謝閱讀65。WhatdoestheauthormeanquotingMyer’s“apluggedupdrain”(para5）?精品文檔放心下載A.Millennialsarereluctanttoleaveattractivecities。感謝閱讀B.Millennialsarestoppedfrommovingtothesuburbs.感謝閱讀C.Millennialsareunwillingtobecutofffromthesuburban。謝謝閱讀D。Millennialsareafraidofanothereconomicdecline。感謝閱讀66.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuburbanization？感謝閱讀A.signofstablefinance。B.Agrowthofhealthissues。精品文檔放心下載C。Aconflictofnewideas.D。Alossofmodernlife。感謝閱讀SectionCA.Someexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts。精品文檔放心下載B.Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade。謝謝閱讀C.InancientGreekmyths，Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighlycivilized.精品文檔放心下載D。ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture.感謝閱讀E。Minoanculturedidn’texistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth。感謝閱讀F。Althoughnotyetdecoded，writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts.感謝閱讀TheMinoans:AForgottenPeople感謝閱讀ThefirstadvancedcultureinancientGreecewastheMinoanculture。Forthousandsofyears,knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths。Inthelate19thcentury，archaeologistsbegantounearthruins。ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece.OnadiginKbossos,Evansfoundanancientpalace。ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKingMinos，acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths。謝謝閱讀____67____Withhisteam,heuncoveredavaststructure，variedworksofart,andmanyhieroglyphic精品文檔放心下載records,Thesefinds,togetherwithlaterfinds,compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture.Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered，itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime.ThepalaceatKnossoswasfivefloorshighwithhundredsofrooms.Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets。Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads.Inaddition,theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong—distancetrade。____68_____Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture。精品文檔放心下載ExpertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffersinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety.____69____Ruins精品文檔放心下載andartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality.ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls,thenaturalworld，andmanyfemalegods。感謝閱讀AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests.SportandvisualartswerecentraltoMinoanlife.Boxingandbulljumping，asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls，werepopular。Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose,expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun.Similarly，althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes,otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdécor（裝飾品).____70_____精品文檔放心下載TheMinoansmettheirdemiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters.ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland。感謝閱讀IV。SummaryWritingTheConflictoftheOrders精品文檔放心下載ThetypesofpeoplewhoservedasofficialsintheRomangovernmentchangedovertime.Thesechangesstemmedfromtheattemptsofcommonpeopletomorerights。ThestrugglesbecameknownastheConflictoftheOrders.精品文檔放心下載Intheearlyrepublic,Romansweredividedintotwoclassesofpeople：patriciansandplebeians。Patricianswerepowerfullandownerswhocontrolledthegovernment.Asnobles，theyinheritedtheirpower。Plebeians,whomadeupmostofthepopulation,weremainlyfarmersandworkers.Formanyyears,plebeianshadfewrights.Theycouldvote,buttheywerebarredfromholdingmostpublicoffices.PlebeianscouldnotevenknowRomanlawsbecauselawswerenotwrittendown.Incourt,ajudgestatedandappliedthelaw,butonlypatriciansservedasjudges.感謝閱讀Overtime，plebeiansincreasedtheirpowerthroughdemandandstrikes.Theygainedtherighttojointhearmy,holdgovernmentoffice,formtheirownassembly,andelectleaders.Inoneoftheirgreatestvictories，theyforcedthegovernmenttowritedownthelawsoftheRomanRepublic。Inabout45