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5.DTiM而mal】u金由o擊ofXMkiti*nolongersufficemihi^^duwlcigiwlvvorld.Cun?i[1y(hereaiumoreihau100.000coiupuiersiusdiodkcnjilijiuibeUmicdStdtei.SnkleiiU.mediocredii4briuLtalike,fioiuthefirstgradeduoughhighschool,norcnl>,arcnorintinudaredbycompuicrs.buthawbecomeavidparticipontsinrhecompiircrcpcch,Kids(xperfltiiiecomputersinipkmcm^eircurriculumwithgreai恒軸[出口Anmicnlsnidenicrniproeiati]musicalnoiessothatibeccmipu(ei,willplayBeerhovctiortheBcnile>Forabiologyclass,thecotiipuicrcanpnxluccapictureoftheiuukaicactionsoftlwbodys0rg閔蜃Jbi6如ablit睜today's虱inkiBtoctivisaschum擲ibioh&yinaprofbiindway.Anuckarrea<(ori\nolongersmeniein^ioMu威口怙whocanseeitsworkitibsitinkinuTt!dc【aihuuaconqjulcr.In口'i鼠口心也一由cCliippti'A-dIndiaitsarcstudytugiheirancientEmdalniositbrsoiwnlanmiagewith[heaidofacompuier.MonccniTnonly,ihecompuier蝕usedIbrdrill睫mathandlau^nagecoiKqilssothatyouugsTeismayleaniatth^irawnspeedwithoutuyingihepiiUrLH_eul_djeutiutjautrichcis.J]icsmipkslccuipuLtisdidlb=kiinJicappetL猛holetiiuiiHJirlapidJ)toritiecozipLiierttmfrotnhumans.5“irkscuic.remedialdnll=and忒d仃就&tio機(jī)皿computerareconducivetoIcarnnabecausetheniacliincicspoudstocoircctaiiF『er5:「iihpraiseandtoiacon^ctanswerswith介otvnsandeven知occasionaltearAdolescentslinvehue口mssoexhilaratedbycasuputersthatthe',havedevelcpidtbeiro^njarson,easilyuixler^toodbytheirpeersbut值日vi啤theirdisccDcertedpai^ntsin也dark.Theyhaxeshowneqinuclifcnxirforconipiucrsrhantheyha^'ctbiTiicdccrnputcrtlubs,beguiletheirleisurehourbinconipiucrstores,andevenattendcomputercamps.Thisiideiiiiitehthecomputera^e.11心expected(halby1999thereAvitlbebetween^00.000aitd650,000coiiipulersmAttieticatischools.XlanuTscrutrr^flfcottqjutetiarepresendy蟲亡Mugia\^rite*Dt'lsfardooatiqgcquipniatftoool儂esandunnt]sinesandarepushingibrle^isladoatoobtainfurtherdeductionsGarccmtribution^ineleiEienr^iyandkigbschools-FurtheitiHire,thepriceofcomputershassteadilyfallento加porntvhereasmallEnipiirsr用rh◎哄orofficeisbumgsoldtorle>$也an51gAtthatprice^vyclassinthetoumry^吼】R??趆av#computetid$.\Vha【i、thechalk曜eoftradiliotwlleachingmethods?HcjwerLthusinsEicartchcwdo肋式亡mswithc&ntpuwis?.WlldL⑻tbc<oiupuki<k>LDHbl。】吧,如3:]扔甥can(hecotr^uicrbeuwdbytheChppcwaIndiana?.XVTiatisihemainofthispassage?』(Clickfbribcans^vers)l Compireis。。1-playnnindispet:sablemleintheschrnlteichine.Theyfbmicninpitcrchibs,"nvincorr^mtcrstoresan4attendccmiputcrcnnips,kc4npfftduceapicnueoftheuimca忙acnci^ofthebwiys口噌刖區(qū)Tosnuiytheirfiticientandalmosrfbreortenlanguage$ThisSacornpmer印箕h.esqietialineihicaiim加rni加chilttren[dGreatBritainatpre>cntthespeechofediwaRdpersonsiskuc^umReceivedStandardLndi^h.Ac!b?diflketratherthon(1).itisbasilon曲己typtoFspeechculii^tedntsuchschoolsasEtonandHanvwandatsuchoftheolderuniversitiesas(2)+ManyEr^lishpcopkwhospeakregionaldiaketsin(hdrchildhoodacquireRccchcdStandardEnglish(3).Itsinfluencehasbemmc(4)txc&useofiuusebysudipublicmedia的theBniisbBroadCASiixigCorpA]iimpoiWt出丫日opinein口fEnglishowsiikGreatBiieaid(5〕.AmencaiiEnglishuin>betutiiiduiedLuimluikchwEnglishspokeninCaunixalihuughiheCaixadi^uvmieiy(6) .IliemosTdistinguishingdiffci'encetbertveenAnicricanEii£ii!liandBriiishE崢li&hattinpronunciadonandvocabulary(^) WiiuenAinericanEnglishatsokasuicndenotobenwrerigidinniaitersofgrununarandsyntax,but削恥沏值umc即產(chǎn)郵toMmorelokrautof曲43ofneologhms.DespitethesediilerciKcs.itisoftendifficulttodetcniiiuc*-aparifremcomcMinGreatBritainoriheU.S」Canada"cir:fbrlbciiiiljLIci.;:lAL^'.uIhLNew上waJaad,ui'suulhAfrica.(ClKkfor'theanswers.■.areeionaldialect.OifonlandCambridgeS.whilest'endinfschoolandrniivtTEityrevenstrongerinnscetiiyear.occun^dwithth^<oloniiationofNoithAmerica.retainssoimJeEftuTESofBritishpraTrnncialioTi.^peUing.andvncabularyr.Theretue4曲陽(yáng)dififereticesm印dli彈piich-司山stitssaswell8.whclhcrserious1i忙raryworksha^Tbeen^ntren.HowlonghasMngiia髀probablyexisted?.\?ordingloihcpassage,ho^didlanguageconiciiuobcinj?.Whaiisdefirstrealevidence0f廟噂悟鮮?.Laiiguu^escloi^e.Plesuua】i】uvneofdieitaboib膈hy世caluktplait..Do1祝網(wǎng)a魴sbecomebetter,worseordifferent?.B'?'doLanguagescliatigeevenmoresloMyinmodeniitidu^crial淑記床戲J(Clickfortheajiiwers.)Nooneknowsho*】加guagcIk^elBecauseallpeople叫中。arcnetdisabledhavetheabilityto3小戒.1alienageliasprobablyexistedalleastaslongasthemodemhumanspecies,\fostscholarsbelievemI】如即出鴕4celQpedVctyslowlyfh)[nsound,iucliasgninti,barksandbo?s.madebyprfhiiinanCTcanirrsAc^cnnling?由竹,詞以白simpleiysiemofvocilconiTiiunicanonbe^aiitemoreccw!iple\的[加huniatibmuihikIspeechoieuil>evolved.Buiik)one如心2whuuandho胃1】mpi恒亡油tookplac^.InfacL【btf。t>[]0kcwJ。門augu賽tui-eiluscufits匹漿收立Tlieficsireul小idencuof皿曲豺拈此山咚Bill軀h曲門beliesthat^ridngdiduoiappearuniilthouiaftdsofyearsaftertheoriginoflanguageTheearlicstknownwrinenrwordsarcSumerianword*picniw&madeib(Hi(350UD.C.andEtyptianhieroglvphi^sthatdateftonaboutS000B.C.,WrittenChinesedatesftompeihaps1500B.C,Greekfromabciii1400BC.,andLatmfromnbomJOOBC?Nooneknow?allthercaionswhylan^UEtgc^<bangcTbuttheycoiidmic10dosoaslong"peoplespcalithem,Laaleweases,thechangescanbeexplained.Farexamples,wordsareaddedtoavocabulacy【口refertonc^ideasorobjects,Contachbetweenspeakersofdifferentku里ua婀maycausewordsfromonelanguagetocmci'intoaciulbcr血】明電號(hào)口Mosllanguageciiangcsoccurforunknownteasens.Lanpia@csd。ucKbecomebrticrorworse,onlydiftciciit.Ihcchai]^cisveryslo^.SpeakersofEnglNimaynoticedificrentcsbenveenhowtheyand0(bcrEnglishspeakerstalkandmayalsorecognizecertainchangesintheirownspeech.ButthesesdiftcncnccsdonolmikeEnglishxpeaksrsthink:hatlhc\'arcchanainsttoin。匚簟 Iofir.ofhcr.It-present-dayspeakersofEnglishtrytoreadOldEnglislLhowever,TheyfindthatitisasudIOccniodcmFnplisliadeikFrenchorGcmiaji.tnnwdtn:indnsrria]sociclics,langiiascchangeslakeplaceocnmereslowly,fducatiofiEsystemsandsuchcentra'izedoonnnunicationsystemsasradioandiclcvisifinpronioictheuseofastandardformofnlanena^c.Undertheseconditions,alanmia^ciflikelytoremainmorestjiblcO.Hci\c\ct,langiiiiacwillprobablynererstopchan21nsentirely,AtIcaftwslon?asthemodcinhumanspecies..Fromsaunclsuchasgnmts,baiksaiidhoo氐madebypidiumaEtreatures,.Wriiing..Wotxisdreaddedtoa\'ocabuld^torclcr!□newideasur。切sis.Contacljibelweenipeakirt"sofdiileixMitlaiisuageamaycaiiiiw口rd』ihimonekitkludgetocnierinicdiwlhiMlan2iuge..Liuiguagesuu【betwjLcbetteiu『wjiie,uu】>ihllertfiJl..EUMHliuL聞bViietiLsaud+uchLtutruliicdcoimjiiiukaCio]]少51d】人gl虱ioandmkvHwipto:tic:c;l反3 -ar- lofamindardfbnnofalanMia維Characifrisiicsofculturalchaise:Pifluiion:Acculturanoti.Assiinilatioa:口(Clickfartheanswers)EveiyculrurecbanccsButallpartsofaculturedonot。皿1并atibesametimeScienceandticknoloEymaysonKtin比,心3髀sorapidlythatiheyles^ntheimportaiKCofcustoms.idea$,andothernonmaierialpartsofatulnire.Acotheruuks.changesinideas初dsocialsysicmsmayoccurberbnechangesintechnology.Thefailureofcoxainpartscfaculturetokeq?upwithrclaiedpait$isreferredtcasciilmrallagNosm記tyWsoisolatedthntitdoesnotcomehiconlactwithCTh^rsocidk$.瑞Tiencontactocairs.iocienesbocrowculiura]irniisfronioneftnoiher.Asaresult,culmraltraitsnudpart^ms(end10spreadfromthescbcieryinwhichtlicyorigirniietJThisspreadingprocessiscalleddifhi>ioiiCcnigrowing,fbrc\aniplc.bt^aiiin^liaii$nowMc\kotho3t樂(lè)of)cursago昌nd門以市均九spreadihiou^houtihcworld.Difhi4ion燦】occurwiihcvrfirsrheuKiconiactl>ctweenciJiurcs.Productsoipaitcnismaymo\cfromgixxipAtogroupCtlirou^l]groupBwithoutanycontactbct^txiigroupAattdpro呼C,Tvxlay,由的4加israpidand^'idcsprendbecameDt^nycduinc&ofthe胃31(1溫國(guó)linkedihwugh油小優(yōu)那E 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theymaydevelop日mi\edlaii型舊手calledpidginidurdti103mmuukaLe.TlxluIcutcciia;ah。匹<iblendadiir&ind*cludim^.dances,music,recipes,andtools.ThroughaccultitradoiLparrsoftheailmrcofqdc01bothgroupschance,butthegroupsremnindisdne[n(hisway;;)ccnlniTnTiondifTersIhimn$bimihr>onTlnougl]as^imilniionoikgroupbeconiespanofanorhergroupandlosesirsseparateidentity.Diftiisioncancccnri^tboutfirsthatidcontacibeiwcenciilnncs.PipducborpatternsmaymovefromgroupAtog【QupCthroughgroupBwithomany也削翳t加mhdgroupAa(KlgroupCJfisrapidandyidesprtad..Acolturanotihasoftenoccuiicdwhenonecultureliascolonizedorconqueredanother,oraicsulroftTf?*1eThrwghocciduirsriciTt.pansofrhe口】In附ofoneorbothgloupschange,bur曲金gnernp5remaindistinct..Throughassimilation,onegiouptmoniespanofan。由ergroupandteseslts^epaiaie】deiHiry1,-A60,W0 R600.000 C6,000踴0 D.60,000,000.a.Lacin (B.Frtndi C.German D.liulian.A.UecdLiictudiiyLniiliihwuidsv,二i亡bunt1cdtiom廿山二1此己必必、BecausezianvEniliihwordsweicformedbyccmbinincotherwords.CBecjnisemanyEnBlishwordsare>pe]krisiniilarh7butpronounceddifferently,orvicevet5a□Beenn.^thepr■口irnuciinicjrofsome^ordsrenifiinedthe^ame.thru.Eliiheirspellinschnnsed.A.pnrnmin*.Bnaim, EC.verbs Ed.ad^rrbs.A.TlieydieusedtockpitrsbleLdicusliipibeuvieniutiLliouA-oidsila.>eLl?]i:e.Theyarcusedtosho喟tlicstructuralmeanmgsofthescmence.CJheareusedrotanythebasic\csbdafymeaniii整,Dllieyareusedroi口diemevariarionsofwordsA.i IB2 CC 4EQglishlanEuaaeis±emostwidelyspokenlanguageinthewodd.Kisusedaseitheraprimaryorieccmdan-lancuageintuanyccmtitries.kaalislihasalargervccabulan-thananyo±<rlaEiuaEc.1herehemore±anGtHJ.lWwordsindielargestdictionariesofiheLnalish:angumg亡一Some£ii$lishwordshavebeenpassedonfiroinseneicHiOEtogenerationexpressbaskideasandfe?lit>gsLarer.manyaadswerebcnwvMfhMiiother【angua曜&inchiding.Arabic.Fnetich.Gemm.Gtwk.haliaiLLatiti.andSpaiiish.For^xanipk.al^^bra玲fromArabic,tashionfitmiFrench,pianufromhaliatiandcau>'ocifromSpanish.AnumlxrofEnglish*vwd與wtrtformedbycombitiu]^etherwonh.Worthcanalsobesboitetiedtcfonnnewwords.PizniutKiationandspelling說(shuō)EnglishwinetiniesseemillogicalorKiconsi^ini.Many百o)4sarespelledsimilarlyThoughpionouaiceddifferentlyExamplesinclide。靛h(bough,and(hrot^hOther魁blueto,ioo.andshoe.Jiavt?similarpr<itinuciaiioti'>butart%吠11Wdi傀w加NMeidvofthesesatlntionsshowchangesihmocciuTtfdduringtbedevelopmentofEnglish.ThespewingofsomewordsKiuaincdthesamethoughebecenturies,±ough±cirpronunciaiionchanged.GcaiuuulihdieseiufprinciplesusedLOeitaltbumecKC*TIicmjpriucipl&du伯曲llirtfleuienisusedtoassemblesentencesandtberelationshipsbeweei)theelements.Theelementincludep^nsofspeechandintaiiOTis,Sonicliiodciuw:kdarsdividethepansofspeechiutntwocategoric,contentalordsandfunctionwords.CotHcmwoid?are11Ktwiinpansofipeech-nouus.v、rb瓠Mmb%anda可亡cthe尸?carry此basicvocabulan?mcauhgs.Iunctionivordsexpressrelationship&benecnconicutwordsinasentence.TlwyiliowiJjegiainniaiiLaLuisimtiutaLnieuiun^hofiheseiiieiLLtwlneealsocalledsimcmteclasses.Fuiciiori、vordiincludeaniclcs.prqjosiLioiis,pronuimi.andcciijunciions.ktigJisl)hasfeweiinfleclkinsthanidoslcrhefEuropeanlansuages.Aninlleclioaisavariationofllieformofawordthatgivesthewendaditleieiitmeaningoffunclion..A_uEii^li^bueuuliasonlyIwouillfcti^Hb.diepluialandthepuisiiiBe.InllcL^urih;uuusedtuckm^tr[hele^seaiudmubtiul'a\tibui改ca^ccfapronoun,jidccnomcanchanfieadjccth-eswtheconipaiat]veor±csuperlative-forexample,big,bigger,bluestQiiestioth:1Accoiditistothe】ar群鼠dicuonaik5,approxiniaielyhmtrtiatiywcidsare〔hereintheEttgli寫b】前都破門2.MeidvEndishwordswckbonuwedlkfm疝tcMaqgiag時(shí)Froinwhich聞噂詠&蚓也ivoEPiiitioborwwed?騙邂doEnglishprommciaiionandspellingsonictLincsseemillogicaloriDconsistcnt?ofiketbllu\tui^piiitsg!ipeecJidoe?tio:brluu^ 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(kcrmiiiKrdeienniniml S . iriuniph9.resibitaiice10.ipuiitjneouslvI.It3.bur5.and4alS.ico6.befbit7.ong.or9.for10.#ary11.otliers12.giiiml13.asmuch居1』..A&15.neit16.parcnu1"$ildr.18.when19.extent20.di(Fer加et.TheiiKisrof->Mostof.tbcreasonof?>tbcreasonfor,Theyallwere->wereal).todiepjtiftisifinalfields->intoilitprotS^icnaltields,Hk。由仃 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'HComniercial C.Military HD.Educaltcnal.Whydosemecriticstlncik甘出Ialltele\isnmishai小肉【iochilrfinfBmhilscchildrenwillbecomeborednnd明對(duì)vcBecausechildrenwi】】beunwillingiogotoschoolCBecausecliildrcnwillviolctisatschool.D.Hccaui<childrenwillbecomelazyanduseless.WhaiisihecenimlkkaconveyedinAepassage?.wtincanbeccniesirongalliesofibeschcclperioimel?.Whataidsin明析曰5耍nharmoniciisinferplaybetweenschoolandhome?.Wl】yisiliefathersupposedtofbHov(heice^cordingiorhepiifisage?.XMiaihibcauiK'fspnuidjypui]Kr/山小山叫?山給pdsiajte?會(huì)(ClkkfortbcauswcRjJ.IcacbcibinidudshouldhelppaicuhluulrIci,口山dLkcotyeclivaol[besthtwi..Theparents.Teachers'conicrenceiparent..Tobetierhelpthekidtomakesaii^faciorypioerssuj[uflihemaiicsaodsidiesametimjt。helphimtoenjoytheso代居well..Tcur^eleacbct^andschooladmiui5trator&iomakeuseofamuchunderusedresoutce-theparentDo]>arcutsowethenchildrenaii}i1ijng?Yes.The>'eweiheina以第1deal.口昵otAeirchiefcHigauonii>regiveiheirchildKUa5mgoipcrionalwortLtor2I&meuiti眥bashoffl).Ayouncicerwhoistousiantlymadetofeelstupidandunworthy,consrandycomparedtobrighferbroibcTs.sisrer5,orcousins,willbecffliiesoursiire.(2).Thnrbe(or如目won'tuyatallOfcoune.theyshouldbecocrectcd⑶;tinsistheway由IdreuIcam.ButthecritKismsshouldbebalancedwithpraisespreferablywithasmileandak^s.Nochild悔evertoooldiobebuckedParctiisawibdrchildrenfinnguidanceandconsisienidistipliue.Jiisfrighteningfbrayouiissieri仆3ii'slikebeinginacaiuicboutbrakes-Thupaientwhosays'Wwtienullieipiteulb3與"Yes"itudbuik)ublcUie^due.HefjIiv>a\ug."11g匚}uu,andJaxulead}leu^kyouranger,because1doiilivaniyoucogetintorouble/'Parkisowtjihcitchildi'eti(5).Thisnieaisnotborrowing由颼swiihouLptroiiision.tioireadingdiaiiesandmailnetlookibg[hnxtglipursti.pockeis.anddrawers.]fainoiktftukth射shettiUitreadlicrdaughtersdiarytoknewwhatisgui咚on,(6i,PaicnlsBicdienchildjca江士ctofvaluesaroucid宣Inchtcbuildtheirlivci.[hismcaLSIcjchm^Jkiiltorespectlbith^hLsanilopinicnsofotheis:ittiieanibeitie (oilders-Loleacliets,andtollielaw.(7) .Achildwhuisliedtowilllie.AchildwinsccbhispaitillsstealtoolstroutthefactenyortowelsGoniabote]willtlunkthatnisallrighttosteal.AycmasterwhoseesnoLaughierandmlovein.theLoiuewillhaveadifficulttimelaughingandlo^'iut.Nachildastsfabebom(81 .Andifyougivehimhisdue、be'IthamsomelhinfofvnluetopassaIodetoyourgrandchildren.agoodnietnal怔加由afraidoftailingwhentheydowrongroGeelthatheisinchargea「hinise】f.privacyandrespectforfheirpersonalbelongings巾上comnuiiicarion力亡nvetnihemmusibeprenybad1didtheruofrtend>talkabouraccardinsrothesp^ker,.Didthewomanenjoyherstudies?.\M]ydidshefailjogetajobafteihergiaduaiion?Wasthemanhappyubai”rhekindofediicarioohereceivedinhisyouth1.VMiatdidhedecidetodoat(hemcof40?,(Clickfortheanswers)%?NpT7111dReferencek葉triend^-atmtiandaMcrnanofEmopeanm恒iti—ucktalku^abouiWuEtigorraihtr電加機(jī)thukindofcdu<3ti(inihat±eyhadreceivediatbeirycm±.Fwa&veryproudofmyselfwhenIfinishedcollege/saidthtwomaiL"IhadreceivedaclassicalcmIucekiuuiiLil]hddbciei]1出凸happ\小l'」jtlisAl[lul[jiiicliLiideiLhu

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