考點(diǎn)鞏固卷14閱讀理解之說明文（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)鞏固卷14閱讀理解之說明文2023年高考真題【2023?新高考I卷】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【2023?新高考II卷】ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.9.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A.Wealthandintellect. B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading. D.Workandleisure.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.2021-2022年高考真題【2022?新高考I卷】Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【2022?新高考I卷】Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【2022?新高考II卷】Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.2023年名校模擬題【2023屆山東省威海市高三5月高考模擬】CYoungandoldalikecanbecrazyaboutanewfindingbyresearchersatOhioStateUniversityandtheUniversityofChicago.Thereishopeforusallwhenitcomestocreativity,theysay.Accordingtothestudy,whichfocusedonthe31mostnotableNobelPrizewinnersineconomics,therearetwotypesofcreativitythatcanblossomatdifferentpointsinaperson’slife.Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-twenties,whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.Theyexplaininthepaperthatthereareconceptualthinkers,whoseektocommunicatespecificideasoremotionsandhaveprecisegoalsfortheirworks,planningthemcarefullyinadvance,andcarryingthemoutsystematically.PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinbothdidtheirgreatestworkinyouth.However,experimentalinnovatorsbuildontheirknowledgeandaccepttheoriesthroughouttheircareersandultimatelyfindnewandinnovativewaystoanalyzethatknowledge.Thesethinkerstendtodotheirbestworklaterinlife.ThepapercitesVirginiaWoolfandCharlesDarwinaslatebloomers.Thestudystates,“Manyscholarsbelievethatcreativityisonlyassociatedwithyouth.Two54-year-oldHarvardscholarsweredeniedoffersoftenuredprofessorships(終身教授)duetoconcernsoftheso-calledproblemof“extinctvolcanoes.”Theirfindingssuggestthatthiskindofbiased(有偏見的)thinkingleadstobaddecisions.Itignoresthefactthattherearedifferenttypesofinnovatorsandthatdifferentproblemsdemanddifferentkindsofcontributionsandsolutions.Theyhopetheirworkwillgraduallyremovetheworld’sfavoritismforprecociousgeniuses(早熟的天才)anditsignoranceofthecreativitythatcomeswithage.Weinberg,theco-authorofthestudy,said,“Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn’tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally.”8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlined“blossom”?A.Fullydevelop. B.Suddenlychange.C.Graduallyfade. D.Repeatedlyemerge.9.Whatdeterminesaperson’smostcreativeperiodaccordingtothestudy?A.Ageorcareer. B.Educationbackground.C.Typeofthinking. D.Exposuretodiverseideas.10.Whatdoesthewriterwanttostressinthelastparagraph?A.Creativitybreedssuccess.B.Creativityknowsnoagelimit.C.Solutionsneeddiversecreativity.D.Favoritismforgeniuseslimitscreativity.11.What’sthewriter’sattitudetothenewfindings?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Positive. D.Critical.DNetwork-basedtechnologieshavebecomeincreasinglywidespread,andtheyarenowbeingusedbycountlessindividuals,professionals,andbusinessesworldwide.Despitetheiradvantages,mostnetwork-basedsystemsarehighlyatriskofmalicious(惡意的)attacks.Theconsequencesofamaliciousattackonnetwork-basedsystemscanbeextremelyharmful.Forinstance,anattackonapowerplantnetworkcouldleavemillionsofindividualsandofficeswithoutelectricity,whileattacksonsocialmedianetworkscanleadtoexposureofuserinformation.Toovercometheweaknessesofnetwork-basedsystems,computerscientistsworldwidehavebeentryingtodevelopadvancedintrusiondetectionsystems(IDSs)(入侵檢測系統(tǒng))thatcouldhelptoidentifymaliciousattacks,increasinganetwork’ssafety.Inrecentyears,machinelearning(ML)algorithms(機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法)havebeenfoundtobeparticularlypromisingforautomaticallydetectingattacksandintrusionsonanetwork’sfunctioning.AnimportantstepinthedevelopmentandtrainingofML-basedIDSsistheselectionofdatafeaturesthatamodelcanrelyorfocusonwhenmakingpredictions.Ideallybyanalyzinglargedatasets,researchersshouldbeabletoidentifythemostsuitablefeaturesforsolvingagiventaskusingMLtools,andthiscanalsobeappliedtointrusiondetection.ResearchersatCanadianUniversityDubaiintheUAEhaverecentlydevelopedanewfeatureselectionmethodthatcouldenablethedevelopmentofmoreeffectiveML-basedIDSs.Thismethodwasfoundtoperformremarkablywellwhencomparedwithothercommonlyemployedfeatureselectiontechniques.Usingthefeaturestheyidentifiedasmostimportantforintrusiondetection,theresearcherscreatedahighlyefficientML-baseddetectionsystem.ThissystemwasfoundtobecapableofdistinguishingbetweenDDoSattacksandharmlessnetworksignalswith99%accuracy.Inthefuture,thefeatureselectionmethoddevelopedbytheresearchersandtheirfindingscouldhelpthedevelopmentofnew,highlyeffectiveIDSs.Inaddition,thesystemtheycreatedusingthefeaturestheyidentifiedcouldbeappliedinreal-worldsettingstodetectmaliciousattacksonrealnetworks.12.Whatdoesparagraph1focusonaboutnetwork-basedtechnologies?A.Theirtargetedusers. B.Theirpopularity.C.Theirpotentialrisk. D.Theiradvantages.13.HowcanIDSsincreasethesafetyofnetworks?A.Bytrackingmaliciousattacks.B.Bystartinganti-virusprograms.C.Bysortingoutuserinformation.D.Byrecognizingmaliciousattacks.14.WhatisthekeytothedevelopmentofML-basedIDSs?A.Solvinggiventasks. B.Selectingreliabledatafeatures.C.Makingaccuratepredictions. D.Analyzinglargeenoughdatasets.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.TointroduceanewtechniqueforIDSs.B.Topromotenetwork-basedtechnologies.C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofnetworksafety.D.Todiscusswaystodealwithmaliciousattacks.【2023屆山東省濟(jì)南市高三三?！緾Formotorcycleenthusiasts,nothingbeatstheexcitementofridingyourmotorcycleontheopenhighwaywiththewindonyourback.Withgaspricesrising,ridingmotorcyclesiseconomicalandamuchgreenerwaytotravel.Alongwiththebenefitscomestheriskofpersonalinjuryifanaccidentoccurs.Afterall,you’renotprotectedbysteellikeyouarewhiledrivingyourcar.Besidesahelmet(頭盔),thelatestsafetyinnovations,newairbagjeans,arepersonalairbagsthatyoucanweartobetterprotectyourlife.Airbagshavebeenprotectingpeopleincaraccidentsfordecades.Now,aSwedishcompany,Mo’cycle,teamedupwithanairbagtechnologycompanywhichpreviouslyproducedupperbodyprotectionformotorcycleriders,todesignandproducetheairbagsjeans.Thiskindofairbagcanofferprotectionforthemotorcyclerider’slowerbody,especiallythetailbone,incaseofanaccident.Accordingtothecompany,“Itreformedtheairbagtechnologytoprotectthefirstboneofthespinalcolumn(脊柱),becausespinalcolumninjuryistheleadingcauseofdisabilityamongmotorcycleriders.”Theairbagjeanslooklikeconventionaltrousers.Itscomponentisremovableandthejeanscanbewashed,dried,andwornagain.ThejeansaremadeofafabriccalledArmalithwhichisstrongerandweighslessthansteel.Armalithhelpstopreventridersfrominjuriescausedbyforceoffrictionafterafall.Theairbagsfixedintothefabrichelpprotecttheriderifheorshefallsoffthemotorcycle.Iftheriderisseparatedfromthevehicle,theairbagsaretouchedoffinseconds.That’sbecausethemechanismisactuallyachainthatconnectsthejeanstothemotorcycle.Mo’cycle’sairbagjeansareavailableonthecompany’scrowdfundingcampaignalongwithanairbagshirtandacompleteprotectionpackage.Obviously,theycanprovideprotectionformoremotorcycleriders.Makingtheroadssaferforthemiscertainlyaworthyeffort.8.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Toshowthepopularityofmotorcycles. B.Tostressthenecessityofairbagsjeans.C.Tostatetheimportanceofwearinghelmets. D.Todisplaytheexcitementofhighwayriding.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Thetailboneinjuriesarehardtoidentify.B.Airbagsofferoverallprotectionforriders.C.Mocycleisfamousforairbagdesignandproduction.D.Theairbagjeansarebasedontheexistingtechnology.10.Whatisafeatureofairbagjeans?A.Theyleadanewfashiontrend. B.Theyarecomfortabletowear.C.Theyarequickinresponse. D.Theyneedfixingregularly.,11.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheairbagjeans?A.Indifferent. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Curious.DWalterBenjamin,theGermanphilosopher,oncenotedthatboredomwasthe“dreambirdthathatchestheeggofexperience”.However,thecreativeflightsoffancywhichoftenarisefromhavinglittletodoarebeingkilledoffbysocialmedia,researchersargued.Viewingmindlesslythroughattention-grabbingpostsandvideosprevents“profound(深層的)boredom”thatcandrivepeopleontonewpassionsorskills.Instead,peoplefindthemselvesinastateof“superficialboredom”,whichdoesnotmotivatecreativethought.DrTimothyHill,leaderoftheresearchteamattheUniversityofBath,said,“Theproblemweobservedwasthatsocialmediacaneasesuperficialboredom.Butthatalsoconsumestimeandenergy,andmaypreventpeopleprogressingtoastateofprofoundboredom,wheretheymightdiscovernewpassions.Profoundboredommaysoundlikeanegativeconceptbut,infact,itcanbeintenselypositiveifpeoplearegiventhechanceforundisturbedthinkinganddevelopment.Researchersinterviewed15peopleduringthepandemic(流行病),whenboredomwasmorelikelybecauseofrestrictions.Manydescribedbeingtrappedinregularlydailywalksandwatchingtelevision,withmanyturningtosocialmediatopassthetime.Butalthoughtheparticipantssaidthatsocialmediaprovidedatemporaryescapefromsuperficialboredom,italsoappearedtoexacerbateit,leavingthemfeelingtheyhadwastedtheirtime.Thepandemicwasapainfulandconsumingexperienceforthousandsoflessfortunatepeople.Buttherearestoriesofthoseinlockdownwhofoundnewhobbies,careersordirectionsinlife.Switchingoffdevicescouldhelppeoplereachthestateofboredomwhichpushesthemontonewhobbiesorachievements.Thisresearchhasgivenusawindowtounderstandhowthe“always-on”,24/7cultureanddevicesthatpromiseanabundanceofinformationandentertainmentmaybefixingoursuperficialboredombutareactuallypreventingusfromfindingmoremeaningfulthings.12.WhyareWalterBenjamin’swordsmentioned?A.Tocallforattentiontotheresearchonboredom.B.Tocommentonthestrategiestofaceloneliness.C.Toofferadviceondevelopingcreativethinking.D.Toclarifytheproblemcausedbysocialmedia.13.WhichofthefollowingmayDrTimothyHillagree?A.Profoundboredomisofvalue.B.Socialmediacanfuelpassions.C.Theresearchhassomelimitations.D.Creativethoughtiseasilydisturbed.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Avoid. B.Break.C.Inspire. D.Worsen.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhypeopleenjoyboredomB.HowboredomhelpskilltimeC.WhybeingboredmaybegoodforyouD.Howsocialmediablockscreativeideas（2023·湖北·高三統(tǒng)考一模）AnneLacatonandJean-PhilippeVassal,thisyear’swinnersofthemostfamousawardinarchitecture,areassurprisedasanyoneelse.“Ofcourse,weareverypleased,”Lacatonsaid.Sheandherpartnersmiledbroadly.Puttingasidetheirwearingeyeglasses,LacatonandVassalcouldnotbemoredifferentfromanearliergenerationof“architects”.LacatonandVassalapplyabelief—neverdestroy,neverremoveorreplace,alwaysadd,transform,andreuse-totheirworkonoldurbanbuildings.DesignsbyLacatonandVassalhavefocusedonperfectinglow-incomehousingcomplexes,beautifullyandfunctionally,whilerespecting—ratherthandisplacing-thepeoplewholivethere.“Buildingsarebeautifulwhenpeoplefeelwellinthem,“Lacatonexplained.“Whenthelightinsideisbeautifulandtheairispleasant,whentheexchangewiththeoutsideseemseasyandgentle,andwhenusesandsensationsareunexpected.”Vassaladded,“There’salotofviolenceinarchitecture.Wetrytobeaccurate.Wetrytoworkwithkindness.”perfectinglow-incomehousingcomplexes,beautifullyandfunctionally,whilerespecting—ratherthandisplacing-thepeoplewholivethere.WhenLacatonandVassalwereaskedtoredesignaparticularlylargeanduglypublichousingbuildinginBordeauxin2017,theresidentstoldthemtheydidnotwanttomove,eventemporarily,butthattheywantedbiggerunits.Thesolutionwastosurroundthebuildingwithlargeoutdoorterraces(露天平臺),addingslidingglassdoorstoeachunit,andremakingtheexteriorfromconcretetosomethinggleaming(閃光的),modernandalive.Suddenly,everyonehadroomyoutdoorspace,someofwhichwasenclosedtobeusedduringthewinteras“wintergardens”.“Theirapproachofcost-effective,creativereadaptioncouldbeamodelforurbanplanningintheU.S.,wheredestruction’sbeenseenasamethodofsolvingtheworseningpublichousinginsuchcitiesasChicagoandSt.Louis,”architectureprofessorMabel0.Wilsonsays.“Andgranted,there’sahostofotherissuesastowhythathappened.It’snotthebuilding.It’stheabsenceofsocialservicesandlackofrepairtobuildingsthatmadelivinginpublichousingimpossibleforresidents.1．WhatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkaboutLacatonandVassal?A．Theirhousingstandard. B．Theirworkingprinciple.C．Theirlivingconditions. D．Theirwearingstyle.2．WhatdoLacatonandVassalseektodointheirarchitecturework?A．Rebuildoldhousesprecisely.B．Displacethesettlerswithgreatkindness.C．Improveratherthanknockdownoldbuildings.D．Extendspaceforpeopleasmuchaspossible.3．WhydoestheauthormentionthepublichousingbuildinginBordeaux?A．Tostresstheimportanceofwintergardens.B．Toshowtheviolenceintearingdownbuildings.C．Toreflectthecostofreadaptinghouses.D．Toprovethepossibilityofimprovingoldhouses.4．Whydopeopletendtoknockdowntheworseningpublichousing,accordingtoWilson?A．Itsavesthecosteffectively.B．Itmakesroomfornewcreativebuildings.C．Theylackawarenessofsocialservices.D．Thereisnoneedtorepairthesebuildings.（2023·浙江·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）ItiseasytobedoubtfulaboutannouncementsofdrugsthatclaimtoslowtheprogressofAlzheimers,themostcommonformofdementia(癡呆).AnewdrugcalledLecanemab,howe