超級鏡子完整文字稿

超級鏡子完整文字稿：完整文字稿：發(fā)布配文：Simplescienceleadstomegastructures.This"supermirror"inDunhuanggeneratesenoughelectricityforacity,cutsdownongreenhousegasemissionsdrasticallyandispoweredbysimplephysicallaws.Follow#ChinaInWordsandcheckoutthesciencebehindthismegaproject.簡單的科學(xué)原理，也可以成為構(gòu)筑“超級工程”的基石。在敦煌的“超級鏡子”電站，在生產(chǎn)足夠一座城市使用的電能的同時(shí)，大幅削減了溫室氣體排放，而它背后，只是簡單的物理原理。一起關(guān)注本期“詞解中國”，了解這項(xiàng)超級工程背后的科學(xué)原理吧！視頻文字稿：WhenIwasyoung,小時(shí)候的我Ihadonewish:一直有一個愿望thatthesuncouldshineatnight如果太陽在晚上aswellasday.也能亮起該多好I'mLiz.我是栗子TodayI'lltrytorealize今天來動手實(shí)現(xiàn)mychildhooddream.這個童年愿望InDunhuang,Gansu,在甘肅敦煌asupermirrorhasturned一座超級鏡子已經(jīng)讓mydreamintoreality.“復(fù)制”太陽成為現(xiàn)實(shí)Today,let'sreplicatethismegaproject.今天我們一起來復(fù)刻一下這個超級工程Duplicatingasunforthenighttime把太陽“復(fù)制”到晚上meanscapturingthesun'senergy那就是收集太陽的能量andreleasingitatnight.到晚上再釋放Todothat,weneed那么我們需要atooltocollecttheenergy,一個收集的工具acontainertostoretheenergy,一個儲存的容器andameanstoreleasetheenergy.還有一個釋放的工具Whenitcomestocollectingsolarenergy,說到收集沒有什么mirrorsarekey.比鏡子更適合的了Theycreatea"second"sun.一面鏡子就等于復(fù)制了一個太陽Themirrorreflectsthesunlightand通過鏡子的反射concentratesitonamilkpowdercan陽光匯聚到這個filledwithwater,裝入水的奶粉罐上thuscreatingenoughenergytoboilthewater.集中熱量把水燒開Intheory,理論上來說aslongasthesemirrorsbringwater只要鏡子toafullrollingboil燒水a(chǎn)ndgenerateenoughsteam,產(chǎn)生足夠多的水蒸氣thesteamwillcontinuouslyspinasmallfan,我們就可以推動小風(fēng)扇turningasmallmotor,連接小馬達(dá)andcompletingthetransition最終完成從fromsolarenergy,tomechanicalenergy,太陽能再到機(jī)械能toelectricalenergy.再到電能的轉(zhuǎn)化Nowwecansuccessfully"duplicate"thesun.我們就復(fù)制成功了Let'sfirstpaintthemilkpowdercan我們把奶粉罐刷上withblack,heatabsorbingpaint黑色的吸熱涂料tohelpitgatherheat.幫助更好地吸熱Nowweaddwatertoit現(xiàn)在我們給它加水a(chǎn)ndsealitup,然后把它密封起來leavingonlyasmallexit.留一個小孔Thenwefixthecan把奶粉罐固定到atthecenteroftheplatform.平臺的最中心Thesteamwillescapefromtheexit,水蒸氣從小孔冒出andblowthroughthefanblades.吹動風(fēng)扇葉片Ifthelightbulbislit,只要燈泡亮起ourexperimentwillbeasuccess!我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)就成功了Tomakethemostofthesunlight,為了充分利用太陽光weneedeverymirrorto我們需要每一面鏡子反射的concentratethereflectedlightonthecan.光斑匯聚到奶粉罐的表面Inreality,thesunkeepsmoving.實(shí)際上太陽光是會移動的Soweneedtoadjusttheplatform,我們需要調(diào)整平臺的角度andmirrorscankeepreflectingthemovinglight來保證鏡子能夠自然地ontothesurfaceofthecan.把太陽光捕獲到罐子上Nowweleaveeverything剩下的就交給tothesunandtime.太陽和時(shí)間了Thebladeshavemovedabit它（風(fēng)扇）因?yàn)樗魵庾兊枚鄔ithmoresteamcomingout!而開始進(jìn)行緩慢的轉(zhuǎn)動Nowthefanisspinningfasterandfaster.現(xiàn)在它轉(zhuǎn)得越來越快了Let'scheckoutthebulb.我們看下燈泡的情況Oh,thebulbislit!燈泡已經(jīng)亮了Thismeansourexperiment說明我們290面的小鏡子tolightupabulbwith290mirrorsissuccessful!發(fā)電的實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)成功了Wecanlightasmalllightbulb這290面鏡子with290mirrors.可以點(diǎn)亮一個小燈泡Whatifwehad12,000mirrors?如果我們有1.2萬面鏡子呢Thissupermirrorpowerplant這個位于甘肅戈壁灘上的intheGobiDesertofGansuprovince超級鏡子才真正做到了cantrulyduplicateasunfornight.把太陽“復(fù)制”到晚上Thisrealsupermirror現(xiàn)實(shí)中的超級鏡子alsohastoolstocollectenergy,同樣有收集的工具containerstostoreenergy儲存的容器andmeanstoreleaseenergy.和釋放的工具Everymirrorherespans115squaremeters.這里的一面鏡子有115平方米Atotalofaround12,000mirrorsmakeup1.2萬面鏡子一共形成了amirrorfieldofmorethan1.4millionsquaremeters.140多萬平方米的鏡場Auniqueprogramiswrittenforeachmirror,通過給每面鏡子單獨(dú)設(shè)定的程序sothattheycanautomaticallychasethesun它們可以自動追逐太陽andreflectthesun'sraystothe把太陽光反射到heatabsorbingsectionatthetopofthetower.塔尖的吸熱器上Thisenergystoringandpowergeneratingsection,接下來這個位于圓心的locatedinthecenterofthepowerplant,儲能發(fā)電裝置讓超級鏡子allowsthesupermirrorstostoreandreleaseenergy.完成了能量的儲存和釋放Insteadofdirectlyboilingthewater與我們在實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中withsolarenergyaswedidintheexperiment,直接燒水不同supermirrorshavethegatheredenergy超級鏡子聚焦的能量tofirstheatupatypeofsalt.先是加熱一種鹽Thehotsaltthenexchangesheatwithwater.再用燒熱的鹽與水完成換熱Thisspecialsaltiscalledmoltensalt.這種特殊的鹽被稱為熔鹽Moltensaltkeepsflowing熔鹽靠不停流動tocompletethetaskofstoringenergy.來完成儲存能量的任務(wù)Whenflowingtothetopofthetower,流動到塔尖itabsorbsenergyandheatsup.吸收能量升溫Whenflowingdowntothebottom,流動到塔底itreleasesenergyandcoolsbackdown.釋放能量降溫Thesaltkeepscirculating循環(huán)往復(fù)andthecyclecontinuesforever.永不下班Becausethemoltensalt正是因?yàn)槿埯}canstayliquid在一定溫度區(qū)間之內(nèi)withinacertaintemperaturerange,都能夠保持流動狀態(tài)atemperaturedifferenceofnearly300degrees接近300度的溫度差allowsthesupermirrortostorelargeamountsofenergy.讓超級鏡子實(shí)現(xiàn)了儲能自由Itisexactlythesupermirror'scapability也是儲能tostoreenergythatsetsitapart讓超級鏡子與其他fromothercleanformsofpowergeneration.清潔能源發(fā)電方式區(qū)分開Whenthesunisshining,太陽光充足時(shí)supermirrorscanstoresolarenergy.超級鏡子將太陽能儲存起來Whencloudydayspersist,碰上連日無光thepowerplantcanreleaseenergyatanytime.它又可以隨時(shí)完成能量的釋放Theenergyisreleasedinthesameway能量釋放的過程跟我們thatwesawintheexperiment:在實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中看到的步驟相同heatfrommoltensaltboilswater,熔鹽釋放的熱量將水燒開whichdrivesasteamturbine水蒸汽推動汽輪機(jī)andgenerateselectricity.最終完成發(fā)電Inthisway,thesupermirrorislike這么看來超級鏡子就像是一塊apowerbankgiftedbynature.大自然饋贈的充電寶Thispowerbankwith1,100,000kWhpower這塊充電寶有110萬度電cansupportacityof180,000people可以供一個18萬人口的城市fortwodays使用兩天andcanberechargedforunlimitedtimes.還可以做到無限次的充電Asia'slargest這個亞洲最大的molten-saltconcentratedsolarpowerplant熔鹽塔式光熱電站couldannuallyyield每年可以穩(wěn)定輸出cleanandadjustableelectricity.清潔可調(diào)節(jié)的電力Thatequalstocuttingdown相當(dāng)于可以減少350,000tonsofcarbondioxideemissio