自考綜合英語二作文題大全

自考綜合英語二作文題大全依照本人自考考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)，每次考試作文題都不會(huì)極難，只要知道課文基本內(nèi)容，文中出現(xiàn)人物性格，或者議論文關(guān)鍵句子，一些outline，關(guān)鍵單詞就不會(huì)有什么問題。比較難議論文都不太會(huì)考（但不代表完全不會(huì)考，以下包含了31課全作文資料，全都準(zhǔn)備就萬無一失）常見一些語句：

frommypointofview…

foronething…，foranother……playanimportantpart/rolein…等…（假如為了應(yīng)負(fù)考試話記住一組常見短語既可，當(dāng)然你掌握越多越好咯~）能夠在平時(shí)課文里累積.假如實(shí)在寫不出為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)話能夠選擇相同意思可是單詞數(shù)較多短語，比如because就能夠用onaccountof都有因?yàn)橐馑迹鹊?

較高分作文要求：短句、長句、從句結(jié)合。詞匯盡可能豐富，句子結(jié)構(gòu)能夠用一些倒裝句或者強(qiáng)調(diào)句。不要過多用簡單句。適當(dāng)加一些適合形容詞副詞來修飾。文章語句通順，結(jié)構(gòu)分明（能夠分段寫）。

重點(diǎn)文章（往年重復(fù)考文章）為紅色標(biāo)識(shí)

不太可能考為藍(lán)色標(biāo)識(shí)（不代表完全不考，可能性比較小而已）希望大家還是腳踏實(shí)地地把每課課后寫作練習(xí)做一遍，參考一些往年例文，這些都有很大實(shí)踐性益處。祝大家考試順利！

LESSON1：TwelveThingsIWishTheyTaughtatSchool…arereallydeepquestions是很深?yuàn)W問題…requirescourage…andknowledgeandpatience…問問題需要勇氣…回答下列問題需要知識(shí)和耐心Discussideasindepthwith…和…討論深?yuàn)W問題Whatitisthatyoudon’tknow什么是你不知道It’smuchbraverto…thanto…問比不問勇敢得多keyskillastudentshouldacquire.學(xué)生應(yīng)該有一個(gè)能力Everyonemakesmistakes每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)…innotlearningfromyourmistake.尷尬是沒有吸收教訓(xùn)Askingquestionsiathewayto…問問題是一個(gè)方式…canbeagatewaytorealinsights.答案是通往深刻看法一個(gè)路徑Touchmoregreatworks多接觸文學(xué)作品LESSON2：IconDifferenceHeroesIconsAheroesarenotedforenduringachievements,andself-sacrificemakeforthebenefitsofothers.Iconsaredistinguishedbytheircharm,goodlooksandlegendaryexperience.BHardtimeshelptoproducegreatheroes.Iconsarecreatedbythehighlypublicityofthemedia.CHeroesinspirerespectandworship,sincetheydaretodosomethingwecan’tdo.Iconsstimulateenvy,sincetheywouldbeexactlylikeuswithoutmedia.DThomasEdison，MarkTwainPrincessDianaHeroes：admiredfortheirfinequalityandcontributions.品質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)Popicons：aremediasuperstars媒體明星legendarylifestories神話般生活故事goodlooks好看外表personalcharm個(gè)人魅力atragicdeath悲慘結(jié)局.Celebrities：havebeenpublicizedbymediafordifferentreasons因?yàn)楦鞣N不一樣原因被媒體宣傳.famousfortheirwell-knowness因?yàn)橹?Factorstoshiftthehero-worshiptothecelebrity-worship：1.riseofnewformsofmedia新形式媒體崛起.2.thesituationsofAmerica美國國情coldwarisover冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束.overallcrimerateisdown犯罪率下降.povertyhasbeeneasedby…貧窮被平息.medicalscienceimproved醫(yī)學(xué)科技進(jìn)步.Anicon’sbeinginvitedtoatalkshowisnotduetotheirnaturaldesireandabilitytotalkbutaprooftoshowthattheyaresomebody。LESSON3：GO-GOAmericans（詳見課后翻譯）…generallyvaluetime通常都珍惜時(shí)間.…wanteveryminutetocount希望每分鐘都被利用Noonestandsstill，ifnotmovingahead…laggingbehind（fallingbehind）

沒有些人是靜止不動(dòng)，假如不前景就會(huì)后退.…alwaysinahurry總是很慌忙樣子….asquicklyaspossible竟可能快.Attituderesultsinthewideuseoftelecommunications這種態(tài)度造成了電子社交廣泛利用Towastetimeistowastelife，makethebestuseoflifetime.a.Americansseemtobealwaysinahurry.→Forexample,theyelbowtheirwaywhentheytrytocompleteerrands.→theyeatinahurryinordertomakeroomforothers→whentalkingbusiness,theywillnotwastetimeondinnersandgolfcourse.b.Americansalwayshavestrictschedule.→Theywillhaveoneappointmentfollowinghardontheheelofanotherandliveaccordingtoit.c.Americansproducealotoflabor-savingdevicesandprefertelecommunications.LESSON4：“TakeOver，Bos’n！”senseofresponsibility責(zé)任感.Outline：shipwreck→survivorsfloatingonalifeboat→Sidneykepthisgunaimedatothers→Barrettreadytojumpatthelastcanteenofwater→Sidneycouldn’tholdonanymore→theinstanthesunkintounconsciousness,hesaid”TakeOver,Bos’n!”→Intheend,theywererescued,andBarrettknewhecouldn’taffordtothinkonlyofhimselfasthemanincommand.LESSON5：AreYouGvingYourKidsTooMuch？First，manyparentshavefull-timejobandunabletospendmuchtimewiththeirkids.很多家長沒有時(shí)間陪孩子.fellguiltyabouttheirkids對(duì)孩子有慚愧感.compensatebygiving…tokids賠償孩子很多玩具和衣服.Second，parentsusuallywanttheirkidstoliveabetterlife.家長想讓孩子享受愈加好生活.havewhattheyhad/whattheylongforbutwereunabletohave擁有她們有甚至她們渴望卻得不到東西.Third，parentscan’tsaynotokids家長拒絕不了孩子.afraidthatkidswouldfeelunloved怕孩子以為沒有被疼愛.afraidkidswouldbelaughed…自己孩子被別孩子嘲笑.…mayturnkidsintogreedy、ungrateful、self-centered、selfish溺愛孩子會(huì)把孩子變成貪婪忘恩負(fù)義自我為中人….lesscreativethanchildrenwithfewerplaythings.比那些擁有比較少玩具孩子缺乏創(chuàng)造性….beupsetwhentheirrequestswerenotsatisfied.當(dāng)她們要求沒被立刻滿足時(shí)感到難過.Themorethingstheygive，themorelovetheirkidsget.

給越多物品，孩子就越感受到愛Becheerfulandincontroltorefuse…it’salongprocess…accepttheoccasionallyslips.LESSON6：CulturalShock（詳見課后翻譯）…isafeelingofconfusionandanxietycausedbycontactwithanotherculture.

因?yàn)椴灰粯游幕斐苫袒蠛徒箲]感.Fourstages：honeymoon、crisis、recovery、adjustment.四個(gè)階段:蜜月、危機(jī)、恢復(fù)、適應(yīng).Honeymoon：feelexcitedandeverythingseemsinteresting…Crisis：begintothinkthingsarenotasbrightaswethought.becomehomesick…Recovery：Youcancopewiththehostenvironmentonthebasisofsomemastery,competenceandcomfort.Adjustment：youfunctionautomaticallyinthenewculture.→youregaintheinitialpositiveregardyouhadinthehoneymoonstage.表現(xiàn):

a.Theywillrejectthehostenvironmentandgrumbleaboutthedifficulties.

b.Regression:Homeenvironmentsuddenlytookontremendousimportanceanditusuallytakeatriphometobringthembackintoreality.

c.Somespecificindicatorsofcultureshockinclude:washinghandsexcessively,fitsofangeroverminorfrustrationandterriblelongingtogobackhomeandsoon.LESSON7&8TheModelMillionaireHughieErskine：awonderfulgood-looking、charmingguy帥氣迷人.intellectually，hewasnotofmuchimportance.智力平平.sopoorandnoprofessor沒錢沒工作.LauraMerton：fellinlovewithHughie與休吉墜入愛河.herfatherdidn’tagreewiththeirengagementunlesshehad10thousandpounds.不一樣意她們結(jié)婚除非休吉有一萬英鎊.故事情節(jié)：charmingbutuseless→hecouldneversettleddowntodoonething/kind-hearted→heslippedallhehadtoamiserable-lookingbeggarinhisfriend’sstudio.→itturnedoutthatthepoorbeggerwasamillionaire→sentapresent：10thousandpoundsforhiskindnessTwothingscombinetomakeamodelmillionaire：havealofofmoney有很多錢readinesstogive/arewillingtogive/tocontributetothehappinessofothers隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備付出貢獻(xiàn).BaronHausberg：foundHughieisasympatheticandkind-heartedguy，Hewiselyusehismoneytohelpapersonwhodeserved.LESSON9：OnlyThreeMoreDays計(jì)劃William,anAmericanreporter,intendedtotakeBerlindiariesoutofthecity→enoughinthemtogethimhanged→putdiariesatthebottomofthesuitcaseandputbroadcastscriptsandGeneralStaffmapsabove→phonedGestapoandaskedtobeinspected→atthecriticalmoment,hementionedhereportedonthegreatsuccessofGermanarmy→attheairport,duetodozensofsealsfromGestapo,hesuccessfullyflewoff.IfGestaposeizedsththeywouldbesatisfiedandwouldnotgoonwiththesearch.LESSON10：TheWashwoman…h(huán)adaverystrongsenseofduty有強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感indomitablewilltofulfillthetaskshehadundertaken為完成責(zé)任而不屈不饒毅力.aninbornloveoflabor:foreverypieceoflaundrytocomeoutclean,shewillhandletentimesormore.→everypieceoflaundrywillbeascleanedaspolishedsilver.Stubbornness:shecouldhavelivedinthehomefortheaged,butsheinsistedonmakingalivingbyherself.→inspitethathersontreatedhercruelly,shenevercomplained.→shereturnedthelaundrytoitsrightfulownersevenwhenshewasseverelyill.Tobearespectedperson，whatkindofworkyoudoisnotimportant，whatcountsisattitude.LESSON11：HowIServedMyApprenticeshipHefeltveryproudthathehadbecomeacontributingmemberofhisfamily.

她為自己成為對(duì)家庭有貢獻(xiàn)一元而感到自豪.Hewasfilledwithafeelingofsatisfactionbecausethemoneywasthehard-earnedrewardofhonestwork.充滿了滿足感…Hebelievedthathewouldgetintoabetterpositionsomeday.

相信自己會(huì)得到愈加好工作.關(guān)鍵詞：foundhimselfgrownupwhen…拿到第一份工錢時(shí)發(fā)覺自己長大了.nolongeramereboybutquiteaman不不過一個(gè)男孩而是一個(gè)男人.Povertyisnotanevil，onthecontrary，itisthesoiluponwhichcertainvirtueareproduced.Thesevirtuehaveenabledthehumanracetoreachahigh-levelcivilization...enableschildrenofthepoortogrowupinthegenuinelovingcareoftheirparents.Atanearlyage，childrenofthepoorfamilybegantosharetheirparents’responsibilityofsupportingthefamily.Thishelpstodevelopasenseofresponsibilityinthem，thisiswhymanyoutstandingpeoplecomefrompoorfamilies.LESSON12：AFriendoftheEnvironment（詳見課后翻譯）Whenshewasyoung，shebegantolovebirds，plantsandanimals從小就喜歡大自然→thebiologycourseshetookwidenedherhorizonandmadeherawareofthewonderandexcitementofthescientificstudy生物課影響了她→aftergraduation，sheengagedinresearchontheoceancreaturesandpublished<TheSeaAroundUs>1951畢業(yè)后鉆研于海洋生物研究而且出版了《我們周圍海洋》→anotherbook<SlientSpring>1962，shesoundedawarning：ifamancontinuestousethepoisonouschemicalpesticidesindiscriminately，hewillwipeout（消亡）allbirdsandotheranimalsandplants.發(fā)出警告，拒絕用化學(xué)殺蟲劑→arousedthepublicattentiontotheimportantissueofenvironmentalprotection引發(fā)社會(huì)關(guān)注環(huán)境保護(hù)問題.→andbecamealandmarkofman’sefforttosavetheearth成為人類努力拯救地球里程碑.LESSON13：WhoShallDwell？Themanandhiswifewerebothlovingparents.when…bothfirstthoughtoftheirkids.當(dāng)核彈警報(bào)降臨，父母同時(shí)都先考慮到自己孩子.However，theydidn’tagreewitheachotheronwhethertheyshouldsharetheirshelterwiththeirneighbours.她們對(duì)于該不該和鄰居分享自家避難所而意見不一樣Themanthought：aman’sprimarydutywastoprotecthisownfamily

父親以為一個(gè)男人主要任務(wù)是保護(hù)自己家庭.Hiswifethought：wecan’tdenysafetytoourfriendswhenthecrisiscomes.

母親以為我們不能在危機(jī)來暫時(shí)拒絕挽救朋友生命.Whenawomenbeggedthemtoletherdaughterin→theman’swifedashedoutandpushedthegirlin→themanchangedhermindandmadeabigdecision→hewentoutandshoved2kidsin→theiractionsexpressedtheirdevotiontoeachother.關(guān)鍵詞：noonecoulddenyachildthechancetolive.LESSON14：CipherintheSnowOutline:Cliffdroppeddeadonhiswaytoschool→whennewscame,studentsandteachershadnoideawhohewas→principalsenthisfavoriteteachertohisfamily→step-fatherowedhisdeathtohissilence→Atschool,teachergavehimunfavorablecomment(lowIQ,slow-witted)→studentsexcludedhimfromactivities→hewasneverlegallyadoptedbyhisstep-father→Itwascrueleducationalsystemandlackofcarefromhisfamilyandschoolthatleadtohisdeath.殘酷教育和缺乏關(guān)愛.crueleducationalsystem:whenhebeganschool，hisI.Q.wasaboveaveragethoughhewasabitshyandtimid，hewasnevergivenanopportunitytotakepartinactivitiesofanysortatschool.Thenhebegantobelievewhatteacherssaidabouthim.Finallyturnedintocipher.ThisrecognitionmadeJeanabigresolution：shetaughtherstudentsnotonlytheknowledgebutalsothewaytobehappierandmoreuseful.TeachersshouldbetheguidelikeJeandid.LESSON15：Bribery——AnInevitableEvil？（詳見課后翻譯）Offeringbribesreferstogivingorofferingsomeoneasumofmoneyorsomevaluablestomakehimdosomethingfavorable（有利，贊同）tothebribeofferer.

行賄是指向某人贈(zèng)予錢或?qū)氋F物品，使其做出有利于贈(zèng)予者事.Briberyiswidespreadbecauseithelpscertainpeopletogetwhattheywant

行賄廣泛性:讓許多人得到她們想要東西.Forthegiver：briberyhelpstosecurecontracts幫助取得協(xié)議，tobreakintonewmarket進(jìn)入新商業(yè)市場(chǎng)，togetthingssmoothlyandquickly做一些事快且無妨礙.Forthereceiver：itseemsasteadyflowofmoney.Ifeveryonerejectsbribes，therewouldbenosuchthingasbribery.

假如每個(gè)人都拒絕賄賂，就不會(huì)有類似事發(fā)生.Therootcauseofbriberyisman’sgreed.因?yàn)槿祟愗澙?LESSON16：ASocialEventOutline:RandyandCarolewereapromisingHollywoodcouple→theydidn’tgettheinvitationtothefuneralofScottyWoodrow→Itwasinthebestinterestsoftheircareersinceallthebignamesmightappear.→theythoughtoffoodpoisoning→theyknewMuriel,themaidwasinvited→theypersuadedhertotakethemtotheoccasionasherfamily→theysacrificedtheirdignity（尊嚴(yán)高貴）forvanity（虛榮心）.Itseemsthatlesswell-knownactorsandactressesoftendotheirbesttoestablishconnectionwithfamousactorsandactresses.Andonlyinthiswaytheycansucceedmorequickly比較不知名演員經(jīng)常與有名演員建立好關(guān)系這么才能很快成功.ButIthinkactingskillsarethemostimportantfactorforsuccess.Sothemostimportantthingforabeginningactororactressistoimprovethemselves.演繹技巧才是最主要，一定要改進(jìn)自己才能成功.LESSON1：Courtesy：KeytoaHappierWorldThree“basicingredients”ofcourtesy/politeness/goodmanner：astrongsenseofjustice強(qiáng)烈正義感,theabilitytoshareanotherperson’sinnerfeelings（compathy同情感）andthecapacitytotreatallpeoplealike能夠一視同仁.Threethingshelpspeopleimprovetheirmanners：practicingcourtesy聯(lián)絡(luò)有禮貌行為tothinkinacourteousway對(duì)人有禮貌方式去思索問題toacceptcourtesygladly愉快地接收她人對(duì)你文明行為關(guān)鍵詞：beconsiderateofothers為她人著想.identifywiththeirproblems體諒她人.don’tletotherpeople’sbadmannersgoadyouintoretaliating不要讓她人不禮貌促使你產(chǎn)生報(bào)復(fù)感..例文Accordingtotheessay,acourteouspersonshouldpossesssomeessentialqualities,suchasastrongsenseofjustice,theabilitytoshareanotherperson’sinnerfeelingsandthecapacitytotreatallpeoplealike.2.Thatistosay,acourteouspersoniscarefulaboutobservingtherulesofacompetition,considerateofthefeelingsandtroubles,andinaddition,hewilltreatpersonswithgoodmannersinspiteoftheirstatus.3.Forexample,IhaveafriendwhomIthinkhasgoodmanners…LESSON2&3TheManWhoCouldWorkMiracles（詳見課后翻譯）Untilhewasthirtyyearsold，F(xiàn)otheringaydidn’tbelieveinmiracles→butonedayhefoundthathecoulddothingsbyhiswill→atfirsthewasconfusedandworriedaboutthisextraordinarypower→butafterhedidanumberofusefulthingsbyhiswill→hisstateofmindpassedfromwondertodelight→onSunday，hetoldMr.Maydigabouthis…andshowedhimbyasortofexperiments，Mr.Maydigwasverysurprisedatitandurgedhimonworkingmiraclescontinuously→theirambitionenlarged→atlast，attherequestofthepriest，hestoppedtherotationoftheearth.→theearthdidstopbutthemovablesupontheearth’ssurfacehadn’tstopped→theykeptmovingrapidlyandcausedgreatdestruction（毀滅）→hefeltthathismiraclehadmiscarriedandorderedeverthingtobeputright→finally，helethimselflosehismiraculouspowerbyhiswillHisexperienceshows：ifitnotusedproperly，anypowerfulthingwouldnotbringbenefittohumanbeings，butdestruction.她經(jīng)歷說明：任何強(qiáng)有力東西，要是使用不妥就不會(huì)為人類造福。只會(huì)帶來破壞.LESSON4ZeroHour：Forty-ThreeSecondsoverHiroshimaWhenshesawaB-29bomberapproaching，itdidn’tfrightenher，becauseshethoughtHiroshimawastheonlypeacefulcityduringthewar.開始不害怕But，then，Kazsawthebombfallingawayfromtheplaneanddriftingdowntowardsher..Thejourneytook43seconds.Aloudexplosionreverberated（V.反射，回響）intheair.Amushroomcloudroseovertheremainsofthecity.Kazwasflungtothegroundsoviolentlythathertwofrontteethbrokeoff.Shesunkintounconsciousness.Whenshecametoherself,shefoundtherewasadeadsilencearound,brokenonlybythecriesofthedying.Theirhousecrasheddown.Herfatherhadthefrontofhisbodyburnt.Whenherbrothercameback,shecouldbarelyrecognizehimthroughhiswounds.Asnightfell,sheandherbrothermadeforthemountainstolookforafriendofKaz'swhoofferedtotakethemin.ThereKazlookedbackandsawthecityonfire.Sheleftherbrotherbehindandrandownthehillsidetowardstheflamesforherparents.Thestreetswerefilledwiththedeadandthebarelyliving.ThenKazfellillwithallthesymptomsofradiationsickness.Sheranafever，hergumsandherbowelswerebleeding.Shefeltsickanddizzy，almostdrunk.finallysherecovered，buttheillnesshadnotreallylefther，ithadgoneintohiding.LESSON5FirstPrinciplesLaurahadparentswhokeptherbestinterestsinmind→Christmascoming,fatherwasoutofjob→motherdecidedtocutthebonetothelistandspentholidaysonafarm→itwaslargelyLaura’sdoingthattheyhadaunforgettableChristmas→sheacceptedcheapgiftsinsteadofballerinadress→sheassistedmotherinhousework→rompedwithbrotherandtalkedpoliticssensiblywithherfather→Ifyoukeepthebestinterestsofchildreninmind,theywon’tletyoudowninacrisis.Thefamily：TheWadeswereamiddle-classfamilyoffive，Henry，Emily，their14-year-olddaughterandtheir2youngersons.Christmasshouldbeanoccasiontoexpressone’sloveforone’sfamily是一個(gè)表示對(duì)家人愛場(chǎng)所andChristmasgiftsshouldbewhatonecanafford禮品也應(yīng)該是負(fù)擔(dān)得起價(jià)位andwhatisworthremembering更應(yīng)該是值得紀(jì)念東西.LESSON6TheBeautyofBritain（詳見課后翻譯）

TherearethreemajorcharacteristicsofthelandscapeinEngland:a.variety:It’simmenselyvariedwithinasmallrange.b.Surprise:Youhavenevertotravellongwithoutbeingpleasantlysurprised.Forexample,oneasy-rollinglandscone-shapedhillsmightpopup.c.Compromise:Thecountrysideseemstoinsinuateintothecities.Eventhebuildingshaveakindofcoloringandirregularitytofititsnuglyintothelandscape.LESSON7SomeMeaningsofAuthenticLove（背書為主）愛指Lovemeans：…thatIknowthepersonIlove.了解我愛人.…thatIcareaboutthewelfareofthepersonIlove.關(guān)心我愛人健康幸福.…h(huán)avingrespectforthedignityofthepersonIlove.尊重我愛人尊嚴(yán).…h(huán)avingaresponsibilitytowardthepersonIlove.對(duì)我愛人有責(zé)任感.…growthforbothmyselfandthepersonIlove.我和我愛人都要成熟發(fā)展.…makingacommitmenttothepersonIlove.對(duì)我所愛人作出承諾.…trustingthepersonIlove.信任我愛人.愛其它特質(zhì)：Lovecantolerateimperfection.愛要容忍缺點(diǎn).Loveisfreeing.愛是自由行為.Loveisexpansive.愛是博大.LovemeanshavingawantforthepersonIlovewithouthavinganeedforthatpersoninordertobecomplete.我需要我愛人，但并不是缺乏就不行，假如沒有你就無法生存，那我就不能自由地愛你.LovemeansidentifyingwiththepersonIlove.能夠了解我愛人.Loveisselfish.愛是以自我為出發(fā)點(diǎn).Loveinvolvesseeingthepotentialwithinthepersonwelove.愛包含我能看到我愛人潛在能力.LESSON8HowIDesignedanA-BombinMyJuniorYearatPrincetonJohnPhillipswillbeoutifflunkingonemorecourse→hedecidedtodesignaworkablenuclearbombashisindependentproject→askedaphysicisttobehisadviser,whocomposedalistofreferencebooksforhim→wenttoWashingtonfordeclassifieddocuments→workeddayandnightonthedesign→twoproblemsstilltroubledhim,thearrangeoftheexplosivesandwhichexplosivetouse→whenpaperwasdue,ranthroughalltheoldcalculationsmathematically→phoneDuponttoconfirmhiscalculations→gotoneoftheonlyA.LESSON9FortyYearsOnIthinkgoadingisagoodwaytoprod（V.刺激）thechildrentobehavewell.Inaway,goadingispositive.Ashumanbeings,weallhavethesenseofself-respectandwillbeproudofourlittleachievement.Ifthereareoccasionsprodsintherear,wewillintimebeconsciousofourinefficiency（N.無能）,andthenpressourselvestoachievehigheraims.JustasitaffectedJohnandhiscousin,goadingfromtimetotimecanpreventchildrenfrombeingproudoftheirlittleachievement.Itcanmakethemmoremodestandprudent（adj.有遠(yuǎn)見，精明）.Themodestreceivebenefit,whiletheconceited（自負(fù)）reap（取得）failure.However,wecouldnotsayitiswithoutanyharm.Sometimesitmightbeharmful.Itmaydisappointchildrenandcausethemtoloseheart.Perhapstheywillcollapseafteronesetback（挫折）.Therefore,onlygoadingitselfisnotenough;itmustbecombinedwiththepropermethodtocarryitout.LESSON10OnFriendshipAmerican：FewAmericansstayputforalifetime.Theirfriendsflowinandoutofamericans’housewithlittleceremonyandlittlepersonalcommitment.mostpeople，oldandyoung，arecalledbyfirstnames.americansviewfriendshipmoretentatively，subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove，changetheirjobs，marry，ordiscovernewinterests.French：…isaone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellect，temperamentandparticularinterests….arenotmadepartoffamilylife.Germany：isamatteroffeeling，notsomucntopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesansfearsanddreams.friendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.English：theirbasisissharedactivity.youcantakeupjustwhereyouleftoff.theycan’tputupwithmisjudgement.Friendship：chooseandischosen.specialindividualgiveandtake.Therearemanyimportantqualitiesinafriend;Inmyopinion,themostimportantonesarelistedasfollows:Firstofall,afriendshouldhaveakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’stemperamentandinterests.Withafriend,yourbestqualitieswillbedrawnoutandbeenhanced.Forexample,ifyouhaveafriendwhohasadeepappreciationofaplay,hewillencourageyoutodevelopthistasteandthereforeyourowntastewillbeintensifiedaccordingly.Next,afriendshouldhavesharedactivitieswithyou,whichmightbeofverydifferentkinds.Then,inthemiddleoftheactivity,whateveritmaybe,youwillfallintostepandthefriendcaneasilyanticipatewhatyouwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituations.Lastbutnottheleast,afriendshouldlearnhowtogiveandtake,heshouldidentifywiththeotherperson’sdifferentcharacters,feelingsandevenshortcomings,andcareabouteachother’sgrowth.LESSON11&12SellingthePostMother’scharacter：self-reliant自立:shebroughttwochildrenupallbyherselfandmadesomethingofRussell.Strict嚴(yán)格:shealwayscited（citeV.引用）maximstogoadhersonwhenhecomplainedaboutdifficulties.Considerate考慮周到:whenshefoundRussellcouldn’tmakeasuccessintheworldofbusiness,shedidn’tsticktoitbutratherencouragedRusselltodosomethinghewasgoodat.DifferencebetweenyoungRussellandDorisTaketheexampleof“gumption”，BakerlackeditbutDorishadenoughofitforadozenpeople.

BakerlikedtodomostwaslyinginfrontoftheradioreadinghisfavoriteBigLittleBook.Incontrast，Dorislikedactivity.washingdishes、makingbeds、cleaningthehouseandsoon.Whenshewasonlyseven，shecouldcarryapieceofshortweightedcheesebacktothestore，threatenthemanagerwithlegalaction.Others：asalesmanshouldpossessaqualityofnever-say-quitspiritgumptioniaaspiritofimprovementLESSON13HowtoGrowOld（詳見課后翻譯）Therecipeforkeepingyouthistodevelopwideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeaffective.What’smore,youhavetoavoidtwothings.

A.Oneistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.太沉溺于過去.oneshouldnotliveinmemories，inregretsforthegoodolddays，orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.one’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture，andthinkaboutwhatshouldbedone.

B.Anotherisclingingtoyourchildren.不依賴兒女.Ifyoustaywithyourchildtooclose,theymightconsideryouaburden.it’snousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakes，bothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyou，andbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.Oldmanshouldn’tbeafraidofdeath.Iftheyhavefinishedeverythingthatisinthemtodo,thefearofdeathmightbeignoble.翻譯文Oldageisthelaststageofone’slife.Inthisstage，peopleusuallyfacemanyproblems.Inphysiology，oldmenwillgraduallylosetheirsight，hearing，memoryandstrength.Andtheywillprobablylosethe