農(nóng)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

#農(nóng)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯一、植物分類種子植物seedplant常綠植物：evergreenplant;落葉植物：deciduousplant.草本植物：herbaceousplant;木本植物：ligneous/woodyplant=xylophyta［ligni-=xylo-:表“木”義］被子植物：angiosperm;裸子植物：gymnosperm［sperm:精液/子］闊葉植物：broadleavedplant;針葉植物：conifer.旱生植物：xerophilousplant=xeromorph;水生植物：water/aquaticplant;hydrophyte陽(yáng)性植物：light-demandingplant;陰性植物：shade-demandingplant.優(yōu)勢(shì)植物：dominantplant指示植物：indicator先鋒植物：pioneer森林植物：forestryplant觀賞植物：decorativeplant;盆栽植物：pottedplant;藥用植物：medicalplants無葉植物：aphyllousplant種seed=strain=breed品種variety矮桿品種short-stalked（莖桿）variety=short-straw（稻草，麥桿［variety二、物種名稱1、植物物種水稻paddy（rice）=rice水葫蘆waterhyacinth包心菜cabbage2、動(dòng)物物種植物寄生蟲agardenpest種牛bullkeptforcovering；種馬stud；種蓄breedingstock=studstock水牛（water）buffalo昆蟲insect有害物pest螨acarid；紅蜘蛛aredmite*mite:微小的東西。十二生肖：鼠rat；牛ox；虎tiger；兔hare；龍dragon；蛇snake；馬horse；羊sheep；猴monkey；雞cock；狗dog；豬hog。1wasbornintheyearofthecock.我屬雞。3、微生物微生物germ（細(xì)菌）；細(xì)菌bacteria；真菌fungus三、種植術(shù)語(yǔ)1、一般術(shù)語(yǔ)種植grow=plant=cultivate種田（地）till（=cultivate）land=goinforfarming［例句］油菜種植面積rapegrowingareas=areassowntorape*sown:sow（播種）的過去分詞。在田里播種小麥sowafieldwithwheat在田里播種sowseedsinthefield種玉米的那六畝地thesixmuoflandsowntomaize過去這里水稻多數(shù)只種一季，但現(xiàn)在全部種兩季。Mostpaddyfieldshereusedtoyieldonlyonecropayear,butnowtheyallyieldtwocrops.種植園plantation水田paddy(field)小塊土地plot種子田seed-breedingfield水澆地irrigatedland水澇地waterloggedland荒山：abarrenhill;荒地：wasteland;uncultivatedland;undevelopedland.Thelandlieswaste.地荒了?；牟荩簑eeds2、專業(yè)技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)催熟acceleratetheripening(offruit)*accelerate:力口速，促進(jìn)；ripen:(使)成熟。催肥fatten殺菌destroyharmfulmicroorganisms*organisms:生物體，有機(jī)體。1、機(jī)械水稻插秧機(jī)rice(=paddy)transplanter*transplant:v./n.移植(種，民)者種子清洗機(jī)seedclearer除草機(jī)weeder水田犁paddyplough；水田耙paddyharrow2、肥料種肥seedmanure廄肥barnyardmanure*barn:谷倉(cāng)，畜棚/舍。3、生化藥劑除草劑weedkillerherbicide(除莠劑)殺蟲劑insecticide=pesticide殺菌劑germicide=bactericide殺卵劑ovicide殺螨劑acaricide=miticide殺鼠劑ratpoison=raticide促進(jìn)劑accelerant矮壯素cycocel植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑：plantgrowthregulator五、農(nóng)田水利水利(a)waterconservancy［例］水利設(shè)施：~facilities(b)irrigationworks=waterconservancyproject(=works)(水利工程)［例］使農(nóng)田水利化bringthefarmlandunderirrigation*conservation:保持，守恒；irrigation:灌溉。水利灌溉網(wǎng)irrigationnetwork水利樞紐keywatercontrolproject水利資源waterresources水庫(kù)reservoir水溝ditch=drain=gutter水坑（潭）puddle（污坑）=pool（池）=waterhole水澇waterlogging六、產(chǎn)品及其出產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)品product=produce農(nóng)產(chǎn)品farmproduce蓄產(chǎn)品livestockproducts工業(yè)產(chǎn)品industrialproducts產(chǎn)品成本costofgoods產(chǎn)品銷售saleofgoods產(chǎn)品銷售利潤(rùn)profitonsales（ofproducts）產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量thequalityofproducts產(chǎn)量output（指煤coal產(chǎn)量之類）=yield（指農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量）［例句］Thepermuyieldofhybridriceexceedsthatofordinaryriceby15to20percent.雜交水稻畝產(chǎn)超過普通水稻的15-20%。*exceed:超過。七、林業(yè)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)1、生物與生態(tài)生態(tài)平衡：ecologicalbalance生態(tài)圈:ecosphere生物圈:biosphere生態(tài)學(xué):ecology生物學(xué):biology;生物：livingthings/beings植物學(xué):botany=phytology樹木學(xué):dendrology植物界:vegetable/plantkingdom生物工程bioengineering生長(zhǎng)期:growthperiod水土保持：waterandsoilconservation水土流失soilerosion*erosion：腐蝕、侵蝕。水質(zhì):waterquality水質(zhì)保護(hù)：waterqualityprotection水污染:waterpollution/contamination2、土壤土壤學(xué):soilscience=pedology土壤結(jié)構(gòu)：soilstructure土壤質(zhì)地：soiltexture土壤改良：soilimprovement/amelioration土壤濕度soilmoisture*moisture:潮濕（的）。土壤通氣性：soilaeration*aerate：使充滿氣體。3、氣溫描述溫度：temperature［室內(nèi)(外)溫度：indoor/outdoortemperature］［溫水：warm(=lukewarm)water;將……溫?zé)嵋幌拢簑armup］嚴(yán)霜：smartfrost冰點(diǎn)以下10度：tendegreesoffrost4、森林資源森林覆蓋率：percentageofforestcover森林撫育：tendingofwoods森林火災(zāi)：forestfire森林資源：forestreserves防護(hù)林：shelter-forest［防護(hù)林帶：shelterbelt;防風(fēng)林windbreak(forest)］林帶：forestbelt［例句：theforestbelt——森林地帶；asand-breakforestbelt——防沙林帶］樹行：rowsoftrees,woods林網(wǎng)：crisscrossforestbelts林區(qū)：forest(zone/region)林場(chǎng)：forestcenter=treefarm林地：forestland=woodland;timberland*timberyard:貯木場(chǎng)*timber:木材林分：stand=standingforest林冠：crowncover/canopy*crown:(花、王)冠；canopy:遮蓬。林齡：ageofstand蓄積：cubage=volume面積：area;proportion;acteage［例句：theacreageundercultivation耕地面積］采伐量：fall采伐森林：deforest［n.deforestation］開伐森林：disforest自然保護(hù)區(qū)：wildernessarea林產(chǎn)：forestproducts植被：vegetation植樹造林：afforestation;植樹：treeplanting;植苗：plantseedlings植樹節(jié)：NationalTreeplantingDay植物：plant,flora(植物區(qū)界，植物志)植物群落：plantcommunity植物保護(hù)：plant/cropprotection;［植保員：plant/cropprotector］植物病害：plantdisease病蟲害：plantdiseasesandinsectpests防治病蟲害：thepreventionandcontrolofplantdiseasesandeliminationofpests*vent:放/排出，發(fā)泄，通風(fēng)；*elimination:排除，消滅/除。生物防治：biologicalcontrol植物檢疫：plantquarantine非洲的動(dòng)植物：thefloraandfaunaofAfrica5、育苗苗圃nursery花圃：flowernursery苗木：nursery-stock樹苗：seedling,sapling苗期：nurserystage花期：florescence花瓶：flowervase花盆：flowerpot植物育種：plantbreeding種子：seed［*孢子：spore;孢子植物：cryptogam;孢子生殖：sporogony］樹籽：seedsoftrees谷種：seedcorn播種：sow種子處理：seedtreatment溫湯浸種：hotwatertreatmentofseeds溫室育苗：nurseyoungplantsinhothouse溫室：hothouse;greenhouse;glasshouse;conservatory播種時(shí)期：seedtime繁殖（再生，復(fù)制）：reproduce/reproduction［例句：expandreproduction擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)］種子繁殖方式：seedage種內(nèi)雜交：intraspecifichybridization/cross無性繁殖：asexualreproduction*sexual：有性的。6、林木、林相樹木園（植物園）：arboretum喬木和灌木：treeandshrubs喬木：arbor（樹蔭處）；喬木的：aboreal（樹棲的）。樹木狀的：arboraceous=arboreous=dendroid樹蔭：umbrage灌木林：spinney,shrubbery,；灌木叢：bosk=boskage（叢林，樹叢grove、thicket）；灌木茂密的：bushy；灌木叢生：bushiness（n.）；灌木狀的：fruticose樹林多的（樹林中的）：woodsy樹木繁茂的：wooded,arboreous（樹木狀的）純林：pureforest混交林：mixedforest松林：pineforest小桔林：anorangegrove樹林：woods,grove樹種：kindsoftrees闊葉樹種：broadleavedtrees針葉樹種：coniferoustrees針葉樹，松類：conifer7、形態(tài)或生理樹形與解剖樹干：stock（vi.出新芽；vt.放牧；n.原料astockformakingpaper,造紙?jiān)希?，（tree）trunk樹枝：branch,twig（嫩枝，末梢）氣后枝：bastardslip*bastard:私生子，混帳；slip：（紙）片。樹樁、樹墩：（tree）stump樹皮：bark（v.剝樹皮）,rind,cortex=cortices樹葉：leaf（pl.花瓣）,foliage［例句：foliageleaf營(yíng)養(yǎng)葉；foliageplant觀時(shí)植物］樹冠：crown（ofatree）樹梢：treetop,thetipofatree生根：take（=strike）root木質(zhì)部：xylem;韌皮部：bast=phloem（樹）細(xì)長(zhǎng)的,（草）稀疏的:lank花花卉：flowersandplants花木：flowerandtrees花冠：corolla花萼：calyx花梗：pedicel花蕾、花苞：（flower）bud花蕊：stamenorpistil花粉：