烤鹽籽料考研use精講精練

考研完型Kay

Liu考察范圍1）名動(dòng)形副：70%-85%2）連代介配：15%-30%注意2013--1）15

2）52012--1)

16(13v)

2）42011--1）14

2）62010--1）14

2）62009--1）11

2）92008--1）16

2）42007--1）16

2）42006--1）13

2）72005--1）14

2）62004--1）14

2）6名動(dòng)形副：連代介配3選項(xiàng)提示分布句子內(nèi)部句子外部注意注意1）句子內(nèi)部2000…as

a

commodity

which

he

must

sell

in

order

to

44

old

agricultural

implements

…(A)replace (B)

purchase(C)

supplement (D)

disposesupplement—補(bǔ)充，增加---what

youearn/whatyoueatdispose+of

處理，處置disposable

一次性的可自由使用的4 its

economy

continues

to

recover,

theUS

isincreasingly ing

a

nation

ofpart-

timers

and

temporary

workers.

This

“

5

”

work

force

is

the

most

important

trend

in

American

business

today,［A］

Eventhough

［B］

Now

that［C］

If

only

［D］

Provided

that［A］

durable

［B］

disposable［C］

available

［D］

transferable1）句子內(nèi)部2011Studies

dating

back

to

the

1930s

indicatethatlaughter

8

muscles,

decreasing

muscle

tone

for

up

to45

minutes

after

the

laugh

dies

down.(A)hardens(C)tightens(B)weakens(D)relaxesmuscle

tone

肌肉張力注意貶義自20世紀(jì)30年代開始的種種研究表明，笑可以使肌肉放松，它能在笑聲逐漸平息后緩解肌肉緊張長(zhǎng)達(dá)45分鐘。2）句子外部2002Comparisons

were

drawn

between

the

development

oftelevision

in

the

20th

century

and

the

diffusion

ofprinting

in

the

15th

and

16th

centuries.

Yet

much

hadhappened

21

.

As

was

discussed

before,

it

was

not

22the

19th

century

….（A）between

（B）before

（C）since

（D）later注意總述15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的推廣20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展ComparisonsYet

much

had

happened.19世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了（許多）信息產(chǎn)物—證明總分述述中的muchhadhappened。Newspaper,pamphlet,

book,

periodical,

transport,railway,

telegraph

…

…

air

plane,computer2）句子外部1998Until

recently

most

historians

spoke

very

critically

ofthe

Industrial

Revolution.

They

41

that

in

the

longrun

industrialization

greatly

raised

the

standard

oflivingforthe

42

man.Buttheyinsisted…...41.A)admittedC)claimedB)believedD)predicted2）句子外部1998Until

recently

most

historians

spoke

very

critically

ofthe

Industrial

Revolution.

They

41

that

in

the

longrun

industrialization

greatly

raised

the

standard

oflivingforthe

42

man.Buttheyinsisted…...41.A)admittedC)

claimedB)

believedD)

predicted注意注意：這也就決定了考生在做完型題時(shí)最不應(yīng)該犯的錯(cuò)誤：只見樹木、不見森林：鼠目寸光這也就決定了考生在做完型題時(shí)應(yīng)該時(shí)刻記在心中的“解題公理”：胸懷大局瞻前顧后完型文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)總體特點(diǎn)–主線控制全文的文章完型文章一般都有明確的中心主線完型文章往往采用總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)總---分—總2001

20002000推測(cè)出文章的基本導(dǎo)向：Consumption

小于ProductionConsumptionGapProductionTo

succeed三、完型填空的主要測(cè)試點(diǎn)根據(jù)完型填空的命題思路，完型主要考查考生的兩大方面的能力：閱讀理解能力英語(yǔ)知識(shí)(主要包括語(yǔ)法和詞匯)運(yùn)用的能力：閱讀理解能力對(duì)文章整體(文章中心主線和整體結(jié)構(gòu))的把握和理解對(duì)上下文/句子之間關(guān)系的把握和理解對(duì)句子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和意義的把握和理解淡化同義詞形近詞固定搭配詞匯得體性熟詞僻意詞匯知識(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)做題思路及技巧完型填空科學(xué)的解題程序–三步法第一步：先花費(fèi)2-3分鐘的時(shí)間對(duì)整篇文章做整體通讀(PREVIEW)，整體通讀的目標(biāo)：掌握整篇文章的中心主線，即文章的主題(FOCUS)+文章的導(dǎo)向或者作者的態(tài)度傾向。第二步：具體解題–填空分類分析、應(yīng)用十二種具體方法；第三步：核查檢驗(yàn)（REVIEW）從詞性的角度從題型的角度1、動(dòng)詞5、無關(guān)詞排除法9、總分結(jié)構(gòu)法2、形容詞6、同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法10、對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法3、副詞7、復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法11、時(shí)間、數(shù)字線索法4、名詞8、關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)法12、邏輯關(guān)系定位法通用性的解題方法1，排除法例如：2001年試題的第35題"bill

that

will

propose

making

payments

to

witnesses(3435

that分析:此題可以應(yīng)用“無關(guān)詞排除法”。本題所考查的名詞處于這樣一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中：作為control的賓語(yǔ)；后邊還受到一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的限制。根據(jù)文章的主題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)選項(xiàng)［B］penalty(懲罰)、［C］popularity(流行度)、［D］peculiarity(古怪度)與文章的主題根本無關(guān)，政府不可能去控制這些東西。illegal)

and

will

strictly

control

the

amountofcan

be

given

toacase“［AA］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity排除原則1

主旨???作者態(tài)度褒貶義詞反義詞By

1830

the

former

Spanish

and

Portuguesecolonies

had e

independent

nations.

Theof

these

nations

lookedroughly

20

million2122

to

thefuture.22.

[A]

confusedly[B]

cheerfully[D]hopefully[C]

worriedlyEgalitarian

sentiments

were

often

temperedby

fears

that

the

mass

of

the

population

was40

self-ruleand

democracy.40.

[A]

puzzled

byhostile

topessimistic

aboutunprepared

forHe

must

use

this

surplus

in

three

ways:

asseed

for

sowing,

as

an

insurance

3

theunpredictable

effects

of

bad

weather

and

as

acommodity

which

he

must

sell

in

order

to

4

old

agriculturalimplements［A］

for［C］

of［B］

against［D］

towards2，同現(xiàn)"Sleep

is

divided

into

periods

ofso-called

REMsleep,characterized

by

rapid

eye

movements

and

dreaming,andlonger

periods

of

non-REM

sleep.

(41

Neither)

kind

of

sleepis

at

all

well-understood

,

but

REM

sleep

is

42

to

serve

some

restorative

function

of

the

brain.

The

purpose

ofnon-REM

sleep

is

even

more

43

."(A)

subtle

(B)

obvious

(C)

mysterious

(D)doubtful答案:(C)

mysterious分析:此篇文章有非常明確的中心主線。文章首句-Sleep

isdivided

into

periods

of

so-called

REM

sleep,

characterizedby

rapideye

movements

and

dreaming,

and

longer

periodsof

non-REM

sleep.(睡眠分為兩種：REM

sleep和非REMsleep)，探討兩種睡眠就是本文的主題。下一句-41(答案：

Neither)

kindofsleep

isatallwell-understood(兩種睡眠都沒有被很好地理解)，這就是文章的基本導(dǎo)向。?3

復(fù)現(xiàn)與關(guān)聯(lián)

復(fù)現(xiàn)是完型文章中詞匯的另一種銜接手段，即表達(dá)相同意思的詞匯在文章的不同地方出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是相同的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也可以是用不同的詞表達(dá)相同的意思。復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題意義在于：如果判斷出一個(gè)未知填空與上下文的那些已知詞匯有復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，只要從選項(xiàng)中選出與那些詞匯意義相同的就是正確答案。1999年完型試題的42題?

"Companies

(41with)

low

accident

ratesplantheir

safety

programs,

work

hard

to

organize

them,and

continue

working

to

keep

them

42

andactive."［A］alive［B］vivid［C］mobile［D］diverse2002年完型試題的33題

"As

time

went

by,

computersbecamesmaller

and

more

powerful,

and

theybecame"personal"

too,

as

well

as

33

"［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental5.時(shí)間線索2002年完型試題的30題

"It

is

generally

recognized,

(

29

however

)

,

thatthe

introduction

of

the

computer

in

the

early

20thcentury,

30

by

the

invention

of

the

integrated

circuitduring

the

1960s,

radically

changed

the

process"［A］brought［C］stimulated［B］followed［D］characterized6,邏輯關(guān)系手段

1)

并列關(guān)系:and,

and

also,

furthermore,besides,inaddition,

or,

or

else,alternatively,nor,

and…

not,likewise,similarly,in

the

sameway2)

順序關(guān)系:first,first

of

all,and

then,to

begin

with,what

ismore,what

is

more

important,

finally,3)

分指關(guān)系:which,that,who,when,where,whereas,while4)

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:all

the

same,anyhow,

as

amatter

of

fact,at

the

same

time,but,by

the

way,incidentally,

in

fact,instead,nevertheless,now,

on

the

contrary,ontheother

hand,still,though,to

change

the

subject,yet5)解釋關(guān)系:for

example,for

instance,I

mean,in

other

words,namely,that

is,that

is

to

say,furthermore,hence,moreover6)

因果關(guān)系:so,because,since,as,

inthat,now

that,accordingly,consequently,hence,therefore,thus,as

a

consequence,inconsequence,for

that

reason,as

aresult,7.總分結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照分析法總述是對(duì)分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對(duì)總述的展開。當(dāng)一些未知填空出現(xiàn)在總述句時(shí)，解出這些填空的相

關(guān)聯(lián)已知線索往往可以在與其對(duì)應(yīng)的分述部分找到。例如：2000年完型試題的47題"If

no

surplus

is

available,

a

farmercannot

be

47

.

Hemust

either

sell

some

of

his

property

or

(48seek)extra

funds

in

form

of

loans.

Naturally

he

will

try

toborrow

money

at

a

low

(49

rate)of

interest,

butloansof

this

kind

are

not

50obtainable."［A］self-confident［C］self-satisfied［B］self-sufficient［D］self-restrained8.對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法

由于完型文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，句子的各個(gè)成分之間便形成一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分作為線索，通過對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分推斷出未知填空的答案。?8.對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法

應(yīng)用于上下句之間第46題例如：1996年完型試題的

"Vitamins

are

similar

because

they

are

made

ofthe

same

elements--usually

carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen,and

。。。nitrogen.

They

are

different46

their

elements

are

arranged

differently"46.

(A)inthat(C)

such

that(B)

sothat(D)

except

that五、實(shí)詞題1.

動(dòng)詞解題方法（相關(guān)線索點(diǎn)）線索1、主語(yǔ)（主謂搭配的一致）考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)的人還是物例子：doubt

懷疑（主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是人）；be

impressed

by被留下深刻印象（主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是人）線索2、賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)賓搭配的一致性）考點(diǎn)：①看賓語(yǔ)是抽象名還是具體名詞（fasten—seat

belt

/tighten—control)enhance

+

抽象名詞

feed、label、fasten

+

具體名詞tighten+抽象、具體均可②看賓語(yǔ)是人還是物：2001賓語(yǔ)只能是人的動(dòng)詞：assure

impress confide

toIn

a

letter

to

Gerald

Kaufman,

chairman

of

the

House

ofCommons

media

select

committee,

Lord

Irvine

said

he7

with

a

committee

report

this

year.7.［A］sided

［B］shared

［C］complied

［D］agreedside

with

+人

share

with+人賓語(yǔ)既可以是人又可以是物的動(dòng)詞：agree

with guarantee

sb

sth/sth/that賓語(yǔ)是物的動(dòng)詞：ensure

Concerns

wereraised

19

witnesses

might

beencouraged

exaggerate

their

stories

in

court

to20

guiltyverdicts.20.［A］assure［C］ensure［B］confide［D］guarantee動(dòng)詞線索3、介詞：Successful

safety

programs

may

5

greatly

in

theemphasis

placed

on

certain

aspects

of

the

program.5.［A］

alter［B］

differ［C］

shift［D］

distinguishdiffer

indistinguish

from動(dòng)詞線索4、及物和不及物.The

homeless

make

up

a

growing

percentage

ofAmerica's

population.

1

homelessnesshasreachedsuch

proportions

that

local

government

can't

possibly2

.【2006】[A]Indeed [B]Likewise[C]Therefore [D]Furthermore[A]

stand

[B]

cope [C]approve [D]retain線索5、副詞viciously線索6、to

是介詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)…

…

laid

down

that

everybody

was

15

to

privacy［A］authorized［C］entitledbe

~d

to

do

sthbe

credited

to

sth［B］credited［D］qualifiedC.

be

~d

to

sthD.

be

~ied

to

do

sth線索7、動(dòng)詞固定用法The

Lord

Chancellor

said

introduction

oftheHumanRights

Bill,

which

13

the

European

Convention

onHuman

Rights

legally

14

in

Britain,

laiddown

thateverybody

was

15

to

privacy

and

that

public

figurescould

go

to

court

to

protect

themselves

and

their

families.13.［A］changes14.［A］binding［B］makes

［C］sets

［D］turns［B］convincing［C］restraining

［D］sustaining2.名詞解題方法（相關(guān)線索點(diǎn)）線索1：名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)形容詞是相關(guān)提示線索，即通過已知的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷主謂搭配的一致性，或者通過已知的表語(yǔ)形容詞判斷主表搭配的一致性；Witness

payments

became

an

17 after

West

wassentenced

to

10

life

sentences

in

1995.［A］impact［C］inference［B］incident［D］issue2.名詞解題方法（相關(guān)線索點(diǎn)）線索2：名詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是相關(guān)提示線索，即通過已知的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷動(dòng)賓搭配的一致（物理性抽象性一致和褒貶一致）These

receptors

are

the

cells

which

sense

smellsandsend

tothebrain.[B]stimuli[D]impulsesstimuli

刺激11.

[A]signs[C]messagessign跡象；征兆

impulse

沖動(dòng)；動(dòng)力線索3：名詞有修飾語(yǔ)，此形容詞是相關(guān)提示線索，即通過已知的形容詞根據(jù)形容詞和名詞修飾搭配關(guān)系判斷名詞；For

example,

it

has

long

been

known

that

total

sleep46

is

100

percent

fatal

to

rats46

.(A)

reduction (

B)destruction(C)deprivation (D)restrictionTeenagers

are

especially

self-consciousand

need

the

25 that

comes

fromachieving

success

and

knowing

that

theirplishments

are

。。。

by

others.25.

A.

assistanceC.

confidenceB.

guidanceD.

tolerance3.形容詞解題方法（相關(guān)線索點(diǎn)）總原則：形容詞的參照線索就是被其修飾的成分線索1：形容詞作表語(yǔ)，被修飾成分是主語(yǔ)線索2：形容詞+名詞的形式（已知名詞是參照線索）線索3：形容詞+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句/同位語(yǔ)從句/分詞短語(yǔ)等補(bǔ)充成分是參照線索線索4：形容詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（前面的賓語(yǔ)是被修飾成分，即參照線索）線索5：副詞線索6：文章中心主線（07）The

speaker

who

does

not

have

specific

words

in

hisworking

vocabulary

may

be

9 toexplainordescribe

in

a

10 thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.9.

[A]

obscure[C]

impossible[B]difficult[D]

unable形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)就是線索obscure意為“暗的，朦朧的，模糊的”，一般不修飾人，如：anobscure

sound模糊的聲音；anobscure

passage一段難懂的文章。有副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，副詞就是線索：The

Lord

Chancellor

said

introduction

of

theHuman

Rights

Bill,which

13

theEuropeanConvention

onHuman

Rightslegally

14

in

Britain,laid

down

that

everybody

was

15

to

privacyandthat

publicfigures

could

go

to

court

to

protectthemselves

andtheir

families.13.

[A]

changes [B]

makes

[C]sets

[D]

turns［A］binding［C］restraining［A］auth