預(yù)測試卷204英語二2017年全國入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

SectionⅠUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AsformercolonistsofGreatBritain,theFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesadoptedmuchofthelegalsystemofGreatBritain.Wehavea"commonlaw",orlawmadebycourts amonarchorothercentralernmentalauthoritylikealegislature.Thejury,a (2)ofordinarycitizenschosentodecideacase,isan (3)partofourcommon-lawsystem.Useofjuriestodecidecasesisa (4)featureoftheAmericanlegalsystem.FewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointheUnitedStates. (5)thecenturies,manypeoplehavebelievedthatjuries (6)reachafairerandmorejustresult (7)wouldbeobtainedusingajudge (8),asmanycountriesdo. (9)ajurydecidescasesafter (10)",ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejury'sdecisionislikelytohavethe(11)frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,whomust (12)agroupdecidewhatisright.Juriesareusedinbothcivilcases,whichdecidecriminalcases,whichdecidecasesbroughtbytheernment

amongprivatecitizens,thatindividualscommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand (15).Jurors,consisting (16)numbers,arecalledforeachcaserequiringajury.Thejudge (17)tothecaseoverseesthe (18)ofjurorstoserveasthejuryforthatcase.Insomestates, (19)jurorsarequestionedbythejudge;inothers,theyarequestionedbythelawyersrepresentingthepartiesunderrules (20)bystatelaw.[244A.previousA.A.A.

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D.orD.D.D.A. B. C. D.A.asa B.in C.at D.inmostA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.D.A. B. C. D.的對象都是law，所在句子的含義為：法律是由……君主制定。顯然兩者在意義上是不能共存的，只能選其一。根據(jù)可知，是制國家，法律不由君主制定。因此空格Bratherthan。aofcitizens作同位語，具體解釋thejury。paneltodecideacase表明陪審團(tuán)正是就A項(xiàng)符合文意，為正確答案。mass可指人，但常表示的一群、一堆，或用masses表示“人民大眾”。cluster也能指人，但強(qiáng)調(diào)簇?fù)碓谝弧窘馕觥勘绢}考查上下文語義＋形容詞辨析。空格所在部分的形容詞表明了thejury與common-lawsystem的關(guān)系。由句意可知陪審團(tuán)的職責(zé)是參與裁決，這在法律制度中是的一部分”，符合文意。文中是討論陪審團(tuán)對法律系統(tǒng)的重要性，而并設(shè)有特別表明其thejurycommon-lawsystem的關(guān)系。feature，他國家使用陪審團(tuán)制度，因此它是法律制度區(qū)別于其他國家的顯著特征，B項(xiàng)正確?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查介詞搭配。overduring，表示“在期間”，overthecenturiescentury搭配，但它們都與表示in/by/afterthetwentiethcentury在二十世紀(jì)，到二十世紀(jì)，二【解析】本題考查句內(nèi)語義＋固定短語。空格所在句子有完整的主干結(jié)構(gòu)：thejuriesreacha...resultreach?？忌袛嗄莻€(gè)短語填入使句子意思更加完asaresultinparticular。根據(jù)文意inmostcases代入文中符合邏輯，意為“陪審團(tuán)在大多數(shù)情況下能夠達(dá)到更為公平、公juriesreachafairerandmorejustresultwouldbeobtainedusingajudgealone。顯然這里包含了一個(gè)從句，由空格處的詞來連接。前文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了fairer和morejust，它們只能和than構(gòu)成。than在這里兼有連詞和代詞的性質(zhì)，相當(dāng)于thanwhat，如：Nevergivehimmoremoneythanisnecessary.不要給他超出需用的錢。整個(gè)主從句的含義為：在大多數(shù)情況下陪【解析】本題考查上下文語義?？崭袼诓糠謜ouldbeobtainedusingajudge than連接，與上文juriesreachafairerandmorejustresult進(jìn)行比較，意為“比起使用一位法官，陪審團(tuán)能夠達(dá)到更為公平、公正的結(jié)果。”由此可知，usingajudge會(huì)導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生。alone代入文中表示“只使用一位”，符合句子含義?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幮枰钊朐~來體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系?！芭銓張F(tuán)裁決經(jīng)過一群人討論”和“受到不同背景的不同人的影響”之間是因果關(guān)系。所以表示原因的because為正確選項(xiàng)。【解析】本題考查上下文語義＋名詞辨析?？崭袼诓糠值暮x是：陪審團(tuán)裁決要經(jīng)過一群人的……之后。or連接的discussion與空格處填入的名詞是并列關(guān)系，由此推斷所discussionsdeliberation，意為【解析】本題考查上下文語義。空格所在部分是：thejury'sdecisionislikelytohave(11frommanydifferentpeoplefrom引導(dǎo)的短語作后置定語修飾空格處的名點(diǎn)。input表示“知識、思想等的投入”，代入文中意為“陪審團(tuán)的決定可能匯集了不同人13which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，解釋civilcases（民事。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，屬于民事的只有【解析】本題考查句內(nèi)語義＋介詞用法?？崭袼诘亩ㄕZ從句其先行詞為manydiferentpeope，說明這些來自不同背景的不同的人（即，陪審團(tuán)成員）在決定對錯(cuò)時(shí)必須要……一個(gè)組。根據(jù)上文，陪審團(tuán)的裁決是經(jīng)過組內(nèi)討論而做出的，句中agroup即指陪審員的group，所有陪審員是作為一個(gè)group給出統(tǒng)一意見，而不可能是“、與某個(gè)什么組一起”或“為了一個(gè)組”作出裁決，因此as正確。 語為一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，空格所在的定語從句的含義為：（刑事 訟的……個(gè)人的。因?yàn)檫@里是在解釋刑事的定義，因此allege符合文意，即由提訟指控個(gè)人。witness不接that從句作賓語，應(yīng)排除；而其他兩項(xiàng)“政【解析】本題考查上下文語義＋動(dòng)詞辨析。本句介紹了陪審團(tuán)的形成過程?？崭裉幪钊氲倪^去分詞和上文的seeced并列，表示“陪審團(tuán)成員從普通市民中被選出并被……”。suon傳，文與eced實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯的銜接為正確項(xiàng)。exactnumbers表示“精確的數(shù)字”文中并非強(qiáng)調(diào)陪審團(tuán)成員數(shù)目的精確性，排除exact；equalnumbers表示“(與相比)相等的人數(shù)”，而從上下文中無法推斷出“比較”的含義，equal；certainnumbers指“某些數(shù)字”，acertainnumber指“一定數(shù)量”，它不【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞搭配?？崭裉幪钊氲倪^去分詞做后置定語，修飾thejudge，表示“被……的”，還原為主動(dòng)形式為…thejudgetothecase。attend用~to，除指“注意”外，還意為“處理；照料，”，它不符合文中用法，首先排除。apply不接人作賓語；address表示“處理，解決”時(shí)需用~(oneselfto)sth，也不符合文中用法。assignsbtosth表【解析】本題考查上下文語義。空格處填入一個(gè)名詞，說明監(jiān)督陪審團(tuán)成員的。下文進(jìn)一步解釋，會(huì)向他們詢問問題。A，B項(xiàng)代入文中無法說通，可先排除。而presence代入文中，“監(jiān)督出席”與下文無法銜接，而且也不會(huì)監(jiān)督陪審員的出席。selection符合文意，指會(huì)(通過詢問問題)監(jiān)督陪審員的?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查上下文語義＋形容詞辨析。空格處填入的形容詞修飾jurors，由上知，本段論述的是陪審團(tuán)的選拔問題，prospective代入文中意為“待選的陪審員”，符合【解析】本題考查上下文語義＋名詞辨析?？崭裉幪钊胍粋€(gè)過去分詞，(20)bystatelaw過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾rules?？墒紫扰懦鼳、C兩項(xiàng)，“州法律詮釋了規(guī)adoptdictate代入SectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Socialmediaoftenmakeitalittletooeasyforgoodpeopletobehavebadly.Whenthosegoodpeopleareyourcustomers,thoseconsequencescanbepainfulandexpensive.SomepeoplelivefortheopportunitytoventtheirunhappinessthroughorAmazon.Companiesliveinjustifiablefearthatacoupleofcomintsgoingviralcouldeventuallydamagetheirbusiness.Yes,customer-centricfirmsneedserioussocialmediastrategiesandprocessestomanagelegitimatecomintsandconcerns.Butminimizingthechallengeposedbyimpulsivedigitalbadmouthingisunwise.Companieshaveahugestakeinmakingsocialmediatformsmoresociableandmorecivil.Accountabilityandtransparencycutbothways.There'snoquestionthatconsumershavemorepowerthaneverbeforetocallattentiontobadproductsandservices.Butit'sequallytruethatcompaniesalsohavegreaterpowertocallattentiontobadcustomerbehaviors.Thesamesocialmediatformsthatcandiffusecustomercomintscansimilarlyshareunflatteringaspectsofcustomerexcess.Thatmaybeapowerfulincentiveforbetterbehavior.I'mnottalkingaboutrestaurantstweetingthenamesofreservationno-showsorpostingphotosofreceiptswithhorribletips.Myconcernisdesigningrationalandreliablemechanismsforencouragingcustomerstothinktwicebeforebehavingbadly.Socialmediamakewonderfultformsfor"nudging"peopleintomakingchoicesthatreducethechancesofunhappy Uber,thepopularandfast-growingcarhailingservice,ensuresthatitsdriverscanratecustomersjustassurelyascustomersratedrivers.Thegoalhereisobvious:createasymmetryofaccountabilityandtransparencybetweenparties.Whetheryou'redrivingorhailingacar,youknowyou'rebeingratedandthatthoseratingsarebeingshared.Thatshouldmakeyouatleastalittleself-conscious.There'snothingnewaboutusingpublicinformationtocreativelysegmentcustomerss.Butwhat'sbothqualitativelyandtativelydifferentisthatcustomerswhoordinarilymightnotthinktwiceaboutmakingasceneorbeingdifficultcannowfindthemselvesrankedandratedinwaysthatcreategenuinecosts.Haveareputationasbeinganunusuallyquarrelsomeguestatapopularhochain?Don'tbesurprisedifyoufinditimpossibletogetanyofitsdiscountrateswhenyoubook.Putanotherway:inthesameway"dynamicpricing"takespeakdemandsandvalleysintoaccount,we'llseepricesdynamicallyreflectthequalityandbehavioralreputationofcustomers s.Better-behaved spayless;troublemakerspaymore.What'ssauceforthecustomergooseissaucefortheenterprisegander:companiescanusesocialmediatoratecustomersassurelyascustomersusesocialmediatoratecompanies.Beingniceisn'tjustnice—it'sabestpracticeforbothsidesofthetransaction.[460words]Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,social shouldbeblamedforturninggoodpeopleintobadmayamplifytheunreasonablecomintsofspreadsabusivewordsfasterandwiderthangoodiscrucialtothesurvivalofcustomer-oriented【解析】首段社交環(huán)境下企業(yè)的一種擔(dān)憂：“社交很容易使好人做出不良行為，顧客的幾起不合理可能會(huì)像一樣擴(kuò)散開來，給企業(yè)造成無法彌補(bǔ)的損失”，并表明了作者對這種擔(dān)憂的理解。B選項(xiàng)符合文意，amplify是對原文acoupleofcomintsgoingviralcouldeventuallydamagetheirbusiness的概括。WhichofthefollowingistheeffectofaccountabilityandConsumersbegintoholdadominantpositioninthemarketCompaniescanexerttightercontrolovertheirCompaniesandconsumersgetmotivatedtoregulatetheirCustomerscanbeinducedtobuybadTheexampleofUberisusedtoillustratetheimportance settingequalratingstandardsfordriversandcreatingasystemofrewardsandsharingpublicinformationthroughsocial【解析】第四段首先提出作者觀點(diǎn)：應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)理性可靠的機(jī)制，讓顧客在做出不良行為之前社成的第句以Ur汽呼服司例述如進(jìn)方行其、紹Uer司操：顧在實(shí)際操作過程中發(fā)揮的作用：和乘客都會(huì)更加自覺?？梢奃選項(xiàng)正確。 s sufferfromfinancialbepubliclycriticizedonsocialberefusedbymanyoftengetabig好的客戶付錢較少，愛找麻煩的客戶付錢?？梢夾選項(xiàng)正確，financiallosses是對原genuinecostsimpossibletogetanyofitsdiscountrates…paymore等的InParagraph6，theauthorproposesdynamicpricing reflecttheupsanddownsofconsumermakecustomersmoreresponsibleand managerscalculatetheirrealenablecompaniestoincreasebusiness【解析】承接前文就“可利用合理的透明機(jī)制約束顧客不良行為”之后，第六段用“動(dòng)態(tài)定價(jià)”這一概念進(jìn)一步展示：企業(yè)按照顧客名聲好壞收取費(fèi)用。并最后總結(jié)全文：企業(yè)也可以利用社交給顧客評分以約束顧客的行為。由此可見，作者認(rèn)為采用動(dòng)態(tài)定價(jià)的方法能夠使顧客自覺規(guī)范自己的行為，變得更負(fù)責(zé)、更文明，B選項(xiàng)正確。Thefactthatpeopleconsistentlyjudgethemselvessuperiortoanaveragepeeronmostalitytraitsisoneofthecornerstonesofsocialand alpsychology.Thebetter-than-averageeffect,orBTAE,canbeagoodthing.Overratingtheirabilities,alitytraitsandprospectscanhelp eobstacles,persevereatdifficulttasksandfeelbetterthemselves.Itcanalsobeabadthing:thosewhoare,say,lazyorselfishbutunderestimateextentoftheseproblemswillnotbemotivatedtoIngeneral,however,ithasbeenassumedthattheBTAEisself-limiting:ifanindividual'sclaimsofsuperiorityaretoounusual,nobodywillbelievethem.BelievingthatIcandoalittlebetterthanmyteam'saverageofaneight-minutemaymotivatemetoimprovemytime.BelievingthatIcanruntwiceasfastastheaverageissimplysettingmyselfupforfailure.Realitycanonlybedistortedsofarbeforeitsnaps.AlthoughtheBTAEiswidelycitedinpsychologyliture,itisnotusuallymeasuredagainstanobjectivestandard.Sowhetherornotpeopleactuallyarebetterthanaverageintermsofaparticulartraitcannotgenerallybejudgedclearly—perhapstheirclaimactuallyisrationalratherthanself-enhancement?AnewstudyseekstoaddressthisbydemonstratingtheexistenceoftheBTAEinagroupofpeoplewhosealitytraitsaretooirrefutablynegativetoconvincinglyproveotherwise:convictedprisoners.Researchersinterviewed85prisonersatajailinthesouthofEngland,atleasttwo-thirdsofwhomhadbeenconvictedofrobberiesorviolentcrimes(somedidnotdisclosetheiroffence).Allwereaskedtoassesshowtheycomparedwithboththeaveragefellowprisonerandtheaveragememberofthe(non-prison)community.Unsurprisingly,theprisonersratedthemselvesbetterthantheaverageinmateoneverytrait:theyconsideredthemselvesmoremoral,trustworthy,honest,dependable,compassionate,generous,law-abiding,self-controlled,andkindertoothers.Remarkably,theyalsoratedthemselvesbetterthantheaveragememberofthenon-prisoncommunityoneightoutoftheninetraits.Theexceptionwas"law-abidingness",where,althoughtheydidnotratethemselvesaboveaverage,theyratedthemselvesasequallylaw-abiding—perhapsthestudy'smostsurprisingfinding,giventhattheywerebehindbars.Fortheresearchers,theresultsofferedevidencethattheBTAEismeasuringself-enhancementratherthanarationalself-assessment,particularlygiventheirfindingsonprisoners,law-abidingnessandhonestyincomparisontothebroadercommunity(theharshdifferencebetweenthetwocommunitieseffectivelyoffersanobjectivestandard).Thefindingsalsooffersomeinsightintowhypreviousresearchhasshownthatprisonersconsistentlyunderestimatethelikelihoodthattheywilloffendagainwhenreleased;intheirminds,theyarealreadylaw-abidingcitizensdespitetheirimprisonmentforpreciselytheoppositebehaviour.[460words]Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theBTAE abaselesseffectinsocialahard-wiredresponsetopeeramixedblessingforindividualamaincauseofundesirable隨后第二、三句BTAE的益處：助人迎難而上，第四句它的敝處：使人缺乏動(dòng)力提升自我。由此可見，作者在第一段中主要論述了BTAE的雙效性：它是一個(gè)對個(gè)人發(fā)展利弊并存的事物。C選項(xiàng)正確。Bysaying"Realitycanonlybedistortedsofarbeforeitsnaps"(Line5,Para.2),theauthorindicatesthat theBTAEmaybeadvantageouswithinself-claimsofsuperiorityaretoounusualtorealisticself-ratingsmotivateoneselfto【解析】第段第一第一分句分號前容）首優(yōu)于常效應(yīng)（AE具有我限制性，第二分句（分號后內(nèi)容）隨即解釋自我限制性：若是自我抬高過于夸張則無人相信，換句話講，AE應(yīng)該要有個(gè)度；第二、三句緊跟著以八分鐘一英里賽跑平均速度為例進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明第一句：若是覺著自己能比平均速度跑得稍好，尚且可以給自己動(dòng)力加查句)總結(jié)：實(shí)要有個(gè)度(則事實(shí)就繃了，不成其為事實(shí)了。上四句間關(guān)系可，一為段段主句AE有自限性，第二、三句為具體例證解說明：TAE在一定限度范圍內(nèi)是有益的，第四句則為總結(jié)陳詞，TAE（對個(gè)人事實(shí)情況的抬高）要有個(gè)度，否則將無人相信，因?yàn)槭聦?shí)已非事實(shí)。由此可見，第四句實(shí)為第一句同義表，也第二三句所現(xiàn)的想，即AE在合理限度才有益，AIt'simpliedinParagraph3thatthealitytraitsofconvictedprisoners y y【解析】第三段末句中whose定語從句在新研究的研究對象時(shí)候明確：這群人的個(gè)性特征已經(jīng)到無可辯駁，罪大惡極（tooirrefutablynegativetoconvincinglyproveotherwiseResearchersfoundthat covereduptheirterriblecrimesfromtheirfellowexhibitedtheBTAEoneveryalityviewedthemselvesasequallylaw-abidingasother【解析】第四段第三、四、五句均在介紹研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，分別為：罪犯認(rèn)為自己在每一項(xiàng)個(gè)性特征上都比他獄友要(第三句；他們認(rèn)九項(xiàng)中有八項(xiàng)要非罪犯好(四句“”這一項(xiàng)即便罪犯不覺著比非罪犯好，也是跟他們一樣好(第五句。就此，可句除D選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樽锓浮啊边@一項(xiàng)上自為比獄友要；其次除B選項(xiàng)，很顯在“”項(xiàng)上罪并沒表現(xiàn)完全的AE；最后，據(jù)第四、五句合二為一可推知，罪犯們實(shí)際上認(rèn)為比非罪犯還更加“良民”，更加CItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheresearch providedevidencethattheBTAEisrationalratherthanself-offeredanobjectivestandardthattheBTAEcanbemeasuredhelpedunderstandwhyprisonersoverestimatethelikelihoodtocommitfutureexinedwhyprisoners'mindsarenotmatchedbytheir【解析】第五段第二句明確，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于解釋以往的研究結(jié)果，諸如罪犯為何低估自己日后的可能性（暗示日后可能性高于罪犯預(yù)估，罪犯為何自己認(rèn)為自己是奉公的好公民而事實(shí)卻因嚴(yán)重而被關(guān)牢獄。換言之，此次研究結(jié)果有助于解釋罪犯為何心理與行為不一致，DC選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)反向干擾，將原Scientistshavelonghadcausetocominabouthowthepublicviewsthemandtheirwork.Comintsrangefromobjectionstodenialism.Lay,though,theculturallamentsseemoutofdate.IntheUS,scienceis ingcoolagainamongnon-scientists.Theevidenceisallaroundus,intheformofapopularculturepulsingwithcontentcelebratingscience.CBS'sTheBigBangTheoryisthenumberonecomedyshowonTV,watchedbyabout20millionpeoplepernight.Thisisashowinwhichscienceypeoplesayscienceythings,andpeoplecan'tgetenoughofit.FoxandNationalGeographic'sremakeoftheclassicaryCosmosismakingscienceintoaweeklyconversationstarter.Itappearsthatahandfulofinfluentialentertainersmadeuptheirmindthatsciencerocks.Andtheyhadbigenoughmegaphonestospreadtheword.Buthere'swhereaheavydoseofconfusionentersthepicture,nottomentionsomeprettyunrealisticexpectations.Thereisnodoubtthatscienceismorevisibleinculturethesedays.ThereisalsonodoubtthatthemanyfansofCosmoshopeandbelievethatthiswillsolvethedenialproblem.Theyexpectittomakepeoplemorerational,moreacceptingofwhatscientistshavetosayaboutcontroversialtopics,andlesswillingtodismissknowledgebecauseitswiththeirbeliefs,valuesandideologies.Dreamon.Alltheevidencesuggeststhatyoucanhaveascience-infusedpopularculturethatisalsosteepedwithdenialism.Onedoesn'tnegatetheother,becausethetwooperateonverydifferentlevels.Ihaveneverheardofasciencedenierwhodidn'tclaimtobeenamouredwithscience.Deniersinvariablycultivatetheirown"scientists",and"experts"andtrotoutscientific-soundingargumentstosupporttheircontrarianpositions.Whatismore,psychologicalresearchsuggeststhatmorescientificallylitepoliticalconservativesarebiggerdeniersofclimatechangethanconservativeswhodon'tknowmuchaboutscience.Whatweneedtodoisseparatetheconceptofscienceengagementfromthatofscience—topullapartdazzlingandfascinatingfromconvincingandpersuading.Why?Becausethenwewillseethatsciencedenialisaalandpsychologicalphenomenon,rootedinbeliefandidentity,whichcan'tbewashedawaybyawaveofscienceboosterism.Toscience'sinfluentialfriendsinshowbiz,wecan'tthankyouenoughforshowingthatscienceiscoolagain.Butifthismatterstoyouasmuchasitappearsto,thenpleaserecognisethatthetaskhasjustbegun.Nowcomesthehardpart:showusnotjustthatscienceiscoolandfascinating,butthatsciencedenialisdestructiveorevenimmoral.Showusthatitamountstosuccumbingtooneoftheleastflatteringaspectsofthehumanpsyche:puttingselfservingbeliefsaheadoffactsandaheadofpeople.[489words]ThecomedyshowTheBigBangTheoryiscitedasanexampletoshow scientistshavestoppedtheircomints ecoolthepublichaveabandonedtheirdenialandacceptsciencescienceisagainbeingcelebratedbythepopularsomeentertainersareinfluentialenoughtospread【解析】由題干中關(guān)鍵名詞TheBigBangTheory《生活大》定位到第二段。但判斷事例寫作目的需要聯(lián)系上下文。本文第一段現(xiàn)象“科學(xué)再度流行起來，流行文化中充溢著可見，文中列舉兩個(gè)事例是為了說明第一段現(xiàn)象“科學(xué)再度受到流行文化的頌揚(yáng)”，C選項(xiàng)正確，scienceisagainbeingcelebratedbythepopularculture是對原文scienceis coolagainamongnon-scientists...popularculturepulsingwithcontentcelebratingscience的"Unrealisticexpectations"(Line2,Paragraph3)mainlyrefersto producingsciencefictionmakingsciencemorevisibleindeliveringscientificknowledgetothepersuadingpeopletoacceptscientific【解析】第三段首句先，“科學(xué)題材流行”現(xiàn)象之中有些“不切實(shí)際的期“不切實(shí)際的期望”主要指“說服人們接受科學(xué)主張、”，D選項(xiàng)正確，persuadingpeopletoacceptscientificclaimsmoreacceptingofwhatscientistshavetosay…andlesswillingtodismissknowledge...的概括和改寫。ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs4and5that dropsinascience-infusedpopularoriginatesfromthecomplexityofscienceiscloselyrelatedtothelackofscientificisstronglyassociatedwithvaluesand【解析】第四段作者，“頌揚(yáng)科學(xué)的文化”與“科學(xué)否定主義”是兩個(gè)不同層面的問題(科學(xué)否定者并非是因?yàn)槿狈茖W(xué)的了解，且對于政治立場相同的來說，可能科學(xué)知識越多反而對科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)的排斥越強(qiáng)烈。第五段則進(jìn)一步明確：“否定科學(xué)”是一種個(gè)人的、心理的現(xiàn)象，深植于個(gè)人的信仰與，而這兩者并不是僅憑著“對科學(xué)的一陣熱捧”就能磨滅掉的?？梢奃選項(xiàng)正確，tronglyassocaedwithvauesandbelefs是對Theauthorbelievesthattheentertainmentbusiness provethatscienceisreallydemonstratethatsciencecanberevealtheimmoralityofdenyingemphasizethegreatmissionof破壞性、甚至不道德；科學(xué)是在以個(gè)人之利對抗人類之福”?？梢?，C選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了作者的建議，revealtheimmoralityofdenyingscience是對原文showus…thatsciencedenialisdestructiveorevenimmoralputtingself-servingbeliefsaheadoffactsandaheadofpeopleWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthisInfusingintopopculturecanmakesciencemoreCelebratingsciencecomessidebysidewithdenyingMakingsciencecoolwon'twinovertheDenialismwillbringuswith 【解析】標(biāo)題是對全文主旨的概括，本文第一、二段“科學(xué)成為界熱門題材”的現(xiàn)象；第三至五段“試圖利用大眾文化的強(qiáng)大影響消除科學(xué)”是“不切實(shí)際的期望”，因?yàn)椤胺穸茖W(xué)并不是因?yàn)槿狈茖W(xué)知識，而是價(jià)值觀、信仰等個(gè)人因素起到主導(dǎo)作用”；末段作者給出建議：界不僅需要告訴人們科學(xué)很酷，更需要告訴人們“科學(xué)具有壞性甚至道德；科是在以之利對抗類之”。見C選項(xiàng)是對全文主旨的概括，Makngsceneool體現(xiàn)了本文針對現(xiàn)象“科學(xué)成為流行文化熱門題材”，wo'twnoereenassYouhadarun-inwiththetaxmanmorethanadecadeago,asaresultofwhichyourhousewasputupforauction.Eventhoughtheissuehadlongsincebeenresolved,anonlinesearchofyournamestillpulleduptheinformation.Shouldthesearch-engineserviceberequiredtotakedownthelink?ThatwasthequestionputtotheEuropeanCourtofJustice.ASpaniardhadaskednottodisylinkstonoticesinanewspaperpublishedin1998.Theanswerthecourtgavewas,tothesurpriseofmany,thatshoulddoasheasked.Predictably,thedecision,whichcannotbeappealedagainst,triggeredawaveofinternetalarm.calledtheruling"disappointing".Somesoundedwarningsthatitwouldmakelifeimpossiblenotjustforsearchenginesbutmanyotheronlineservices.ActivistssuchastheOpenRightsGroupsawagravethreattospeechonline.Onlinecensorshipcould erampant,itbelieves,ifsearchenginesaredtoremovelinkstolegitimatepubliccontent.Therealityislikelytobelessdisastrous.Thejudgesdidnotrequirethenewspapertotakedownthenoticesinquestion.alsodoesnothavetostoplinkingtoall information,butonlytodatathatare"inadequate,irrelevant…orexcessive"andifthereisnostrongpublicinterestinhavingeasyaccesstotheinformationinquestion.Whatismore,canturndownarequesttotakealinkdown.fearsthatitwillnowbefloodedwithrequeststocutlinks.Thenumberofrequestshasapparentlyalreadyjumpedsincetherulingwashandeddown.Thefirmalsoworriesthathavingtobalanceprivacyrightsagainstdomofinformationwillcreateahugeburden,whichnoneofitscleveralgorithmswillbeabletospiritaway.Thatsaid,demandsforprivacymaynotbeoverwhelming.OnlyacoupleofhundredthousandhavetoldtoblurpicturesoftheirhousesonitsStreetViewservice.Andthefirmalreadyhasaprocedure,whichworksprettywell,fortakingdowncertaintypesofcontent,suchasonlines,whencopyright-ownerscomeknocking.Still,therulingraisesimportantquestions.Oneiswhetheritcaneverbeeffectivelyend.Thedecisioncouldverywellshieldmanypeopleincasesoflegitimatepublicinterest—abusinessman,say,whowantedtorunforpublicofficeandclearhisbasementofskeletons.Andthereisadangerthatnotjustonlinegiantssuchasand ,butinnovativestartupswillbeweigheddowniftheyareheldresponsibleforwhattakesceontheirservers.Thebestthingaboutthecourt'sdecisionisthatithasrevivedthedebateonhow(andwhether)theinternetshouldberegulated. eislikelytobemessy.Thedigitalrealm,likeogueone,willcontinuetodefyattemptstosimplifyit.[485TheSpaniardaskedtotakedownalink itpostedhishouseforitmadeupinformationaboutitshowedlongpastinformationaboutitshowedinformationinconsistentwithnewspaper【解析】第一段說明“谷歌被要求撤銷某一”的來龍去脈：一位西班牙人十多年前因與發(fā)生爭執(zhí)而房子被拍賣，盡管此事早已解決，而如今網(wǎng)上搜索依然會(huì)扯出該信息。故西班牙人要求谷歌停止到在1998年報(bào)紙上的這份通告。概括該內(nèi)容可知，西班牙人之所以要求谷歌撤銷某一是因?yàn)樗@示了他很久之前的、早已過時(shí)的信息，C選項(xiàng)符合文意。ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatthe allowedtolink alprohibitedfromlinkingtonewspaperdeniedtherequestfortakingalinkrequiredtoprovideeasyaccesstopublicinterest【解析】第三段，們并沒有要求報(bào)紙撤下當(dāng)年的公告，也沒有要求谷歌停止官們總體上是允許谷歌到個(gè)人信息的，A選項(xiàng)正確。Theauthorthinksthatunderestimatestheburdenofbalancingprivacyagainstworriestoomuchaboutthedemandsforonlineisoverconfidentaboutitsalgorithmsandconcernsrightlyabout domof 與信息自由將成為一種負(fù)擔(dān)。作者在第五段緊接著對上述兩種擔(dān)憂分別作出反駁：一是大眾對隱私的需求沒那么強(qiáng)烈；二是谷歌已經(jīng)有一套行之有效的程序。由此可以看出作者認(rèn)BTheexampleofthebusinessmanismentionedtoshowthatthe couldbemanipulatedtocoveralmaybeopposedinthenameofpublicstandsinfavoroftheinterestsofbusinesspreventspeoplefromsupervisingthepublic【析據(jù)人eusnesan定到第六段。該，的為很多以合法的公共利益為借口的人提供庇護(hù)，接著舉出商人的例子具體闡釋：一個(gè)想要競選職商可用清除己前可見A選符合文。TowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyTheexecutionofthecourt'sdecisioncallsforaclearTheruling'ssignificanceliesinitssettlementofthedebateaboutinternetThemessydigitalworldshouldbesimplifiedwithTherulingisposingathreattobothonlinegiantsandinnovative【解析】作者對法案的看法主要集中在第六、七段。第六段的三個(gè)弊端：一D選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)第三個(gè)弊端，為正確項(xiàng)。PartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEERT.(10points)Inoureraoflimitlessappetitefortemporaryblockbusterexhibitions,oneofthegreatestchallengesfacingmuseumdirectorsisthequestionofwhattodowiththeirpermanentcollections.BuildingthePicture,anewdisyabouttheuseofarchitecturewithinItalianRenaissancepaintingsintheSunleyRoomoftheNationalGallery,isaperfectexampleofhowtogoaboutit.Theconceitbehindtheshowisclever.Ifwe'rehonest,notmanyofuspaytoomuchattentiontothefantasticalbuildingsinthebackgroundsofItalianRenaissancepaintings:usually,thefiguresintheforegroundsaremoreengrossing.Sotheexhibition'snners—AmandaLillieoftheUniversityofYork,andtheNationalGallery'sCarolineCampbell—decidedtoflipthisonitshead,inordertoprobehowandwhysoftheperiodincorporatedarchitecturalstructuresintotheirwork.It'saneatwayoffresheningupresponsestofamiliarworksofart. esclearisthatItaliansofthe14th,15thand16thcenturiesallpaintedbuildingsnotonlytotakeadvantageof—inordertoaddstabilitytotheircompositions—butalsotoaugmentnarrativeandatmosphere.Yetthemannerinwhichtheydidsodifferedenormously.TaketwopaintingsthatdepictsfromthelifeofZenobius,a5th—centurybishop,andoneofthepatronsaintsofIntheearlierpicture,paintedaspartofamuchlargeraltarpiece,byDomenicoVenezianoduringthe1440s,thesceneunfoldsagainstarealisticbackgroundprovidingastrongimpressionofthecity'sstreets.ThelinkbetweenthebishopandFlorenceisthusemphasised.Inthelaterpainting,executedbySandroBotticelliaround1500,thecontrastingappearanceofthebuildingshelpstobreakupthecomposition,sothatweunderstandwearelookingataseriesofdifferentmomentsfromthebishop'slife.Botticelliwaslessinterestedinprovidinga“correct”viewofFlorence,andmoreconcernedwithmoodandpictorialeffect.ThesubjectivetastesofindividualswereofprimaryimportancewhenitcametopaintingbuildingsduringtheRenaissance.Surprisingly,thelongerweconsiderthebuildingsinthisexhibition,thestrangerthey e.InTheAbductionofHelen(c.1450—55),ZanobiStrozzioffersadelicateyetimprobablepinkpalaceasanogueforthebeautyofthecentralcharacter.InhisAnnunciation,CarloCrivelliissoobsessedwithelaboratearchitecturaldecorationandtexturethattheeffect,unexpectedly,isthedisruptionofperspectivalrecession:patternalmosttrumpsillusion.AndinthelargealtarpiecebegunbyGianfrancescoMaineributcompletedbyLorenzoCostaprobablyin1499,allsortsofsubtletricksandambiguitiespermeateasumptuoussettinginwhichtheenthronedVirginandChildaresurroundedbysaints,untiloursenseofshallownessanddepthesperplexed.AsthearthistorianTJClarkputsitinoneofthefi panyingtheexhibition,“It'sasif[Renaissance]paintingabsolu yrevelsinitsabilitytomakeuncanny,impossiblebut yconvincingotherworlds."Theuncannymadeconvincing:that'snotbadformulaforexiningwhyItalianRenaissancearthasenduredforsolong.[520A.depictsZenobius,differentlifeperiodswithbuildingsof41.DomenicoB.freshensuptheknowledgeaboutthelinkbetweenZenobius42.SandroC.usestherealviewofFlorenceasthebackgroundofhis43.ZanobiD.demonstratestheholinessoftheVirginandChildwithuncanny44.CarloE.confuseshisobserverswithdelicate45.LorenzoF.usesafantasticalpalacetoreflectthebeautyofthefigureG.takesadvantageoftoshowdetailsandstructuresCusestherealviewofFlorenceasthebackgroundSandroBotticelliSandroBotticelli的畫作中，差異鮮明的建筑外觀使得人們認(rèn)識到正在的是主教（即第三段末尾提到的Zenobius）不同人生時(shí)期的故事，正確項(xiàng)A中，Zenobius'differentlifeperiods對應(yīng)原文aseriesofdifferentmomentsfromthebishop'slife；選項(xiàng)中buildingsofvariouslooks對應(yīng)原文thecontrastingappearanceofthe【解析】根據(jù)題干ZanobiStrozzi定位到第六段第三句。該句，Strozzi將奇異的粉色宮F中，usesafantasticalpalace對應(yīng)原offersadelicateyetimprobablepinkpalace；toreflectthebeautyofthefigureinforegroundasanogueforthebeautyofthecentralcharacter?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)題干CarloCrivelli定位至第六段第四句。句中obsessedwithelaboratearchitecturaldecorationandtextureCrivelli作品中對建筑裝飾和結(jié)構(gòu)的詳盡描摹，對應(yīng)Gshowdetailsandstructuresofarchitecturestheeffect…disruptionofperspectivalrec