2024屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)高考題型組合練（人教版）選擇性Unit4AdversityandCourage

選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit4AdversityandCourage高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AUntilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthenewsamplesfromChang’e5willchangethis.They’refromnearMonsRümker，avolcanicmountainwheretherockisthoughttobemuchyounger—about1billionyearsold.Therearealotofreasonsscientistsareeagertostudythisyoungerrock，oneofwhichisthatitcouldhelpusmorepreciselydatenotonlythemoon，butmanyrockyplanetsandotherobjects.Here’showthatworks:Scientistsdatelunarrockbyusingsomethingcalledachronologycurve(年代學(xué)曲線)，saysJolliff，ascientistatWashingtonUniversityin，theyestimatetheageoftherockbycountingthenumberofcratersintheareatherockcomesfrom;thoseincreaseasobjectsstriketherockovermakethisestimation，scientistsneedtomatchthenumberofcraterstoaprecisenow，theyonlyhavedatapointsforlunarrockthatis3to4billionyearstechniquescandatethenewsampleextremelyaccurately，andoncescientistsknowitspreciseage，theycanaddavaluabledatapointtotheirchronologydatingsystemwillalsohelpusmoreaccuratelyestimatetheageofallsortsofobjectsinspace，likerockyplanetsandothermoons.Anotherreasonscientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrockistofindoutmoreabouthowvolcanismworksonthesaysthatit’sunclearwhytherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonforsuchalongperiodofofthemoon’svolcanicactivity，hesays，isthoughttohaveoccurred3or4billionyearsago，whenthemoonwasstillprettysincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.“That’ssomethingthatyoucanfindoutofthesamplesbystudyingtheminthelab，”Jolliffsays.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。嫦娥五號(hào)帶回的樣本使得研究月球上的新巖石成為可能，而研究這種巖石的好處是什么呢？文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A．Thefactofbeingunabletostudythenewrock.B．ThenewrockfromnearMonsRümker.C．Oneofthereasonstostudythemoon’snewrock.D．Thestudyofthemoon’syoungerrock.答案A解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段中“Untilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.”并結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可推斷，this指的是上文中提到的“科學(xué)家無(wú)法研究月球上的新巖石”這一事實(shí)。故選A。2．Scientistsresearchthisyoungerrockbecausetheycan.A．ensuretherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonB．morepreciselydateonlythemoonC．datelunarrockbyusingachronologycurveD．explorehowvolcanismworksonthemoon答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句可知，科學(xué)家們研究這些新巖石是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蛱剿髟虑蛏系幕鹕交顒?dòng)是如何發(fā)生的。故選D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrock.B．Scientistscan’tknowwhyvolcanicactivityexistsonthemoon.C．Themoon’svolcanicactivityoccurred3or4billionyearsago.D．It’sclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.”可推斷，科學(xué)家們不知道月球上為什么會(huì)有火山活動(dòng)。故選B。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowScientistsStudytheYoungerRockB．WhytheResearchIsImportantC．WhytheYoungerRockIsWorthStudyingD．WhatScientistsDotoStudytheYoungerRock答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章首段前兩句引出了科學(xué)家能對(duì)月球上的新巖石進(jìn)行研究的話題，接下來(lái)對(duì)研究這種巖石的好處進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。因此C項(xiàng)(為什么新巖石值得研究)能夠準(zhǔn)確概括文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選C。BIn2016，inanIllinoistowncalledCahokia，awomanwassenttoprisonjustbecauseshefailedtotendherlawn(草坪)．In2019，aFloridamanwasfined$30,000bythecityofDunedinforallowinghisgrasstogrowmorethan10inchesinexamples，whileextreme，arenotrareoccurrenceinAmerica.Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses(lawns，parks，athleticfields，etc.)coverover40millionacresinthecontinentalU．S.，anarealargerthananycropAmericansspendasmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingtheseimpressivedataaretheresultofAmericans’settingmuchstorebythesepiecesofgreeneryforseveralcenturies.Centuriesago，onlythosewithconsiderablewealthcouldowntheresourcesneededtomaintainthesethemodernworld，lawnshavegraduallychangedfromtheestatesofthewealthytothefrontyardsofcommonAmerica，millionsoffamiliesnowproudlypresenttheirgrasstotheirneighborsanddriversbycarefullyweeding，watering，fertilizingandmowingthesesmall-scalerepresentationsofthegrounds.Withthiscontextinmind，it’seasytoseewell-tendedlawnsintendtouselawnstocreateanimpressionoforderortoindicateasenseofpersonalrelativehealthandattractivenessofthegrassintheiryardbecomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.However，withsomanyacrescoveredbythegrass，theinfluenceassociatedwithlawnmaintenanceismorethanjustbeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestoU．ofAgricultureestimatesthatlawnsaccountforabouthalfofhomeowner’swateruse，muchofwhichis，Americansarereportedtouse80millionpoundsofchemicalsontheirlawnseachprocessoftendingthelawnalsocontributestoairpollution.Thesesurprisingdatameanweneedtoquestionwhetherlawnsprovideuswithenoughbenefittojustifytheirwidespreadexistence.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)人對(duì)草坪的情有獨(dú)鐘有著歷史淵源，但大面積的草坪對(duì)環(huán)境有著重大的負(fù)面影響。5．Whyarethetwolawn-relatedcasesmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToexplaintheeffectivenessofAmericanlaws.B．ToshowthesignificanceoflawnsinAmericansociety.C．TostressAmericans’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．TorevealthecostofmaintaininglawnsinAmericans’dailylife.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段介紹的兩個(gè)案例并結(jié)合下文美國(guó)人對(duì)草坪的喜愛(ài)與重視可知，作者通過(guò)這兩個(gè)案例說(shuō)明了草坪在美國(guó)社會(huì)的重要性。故選B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthesecondparagraphmean?A．Makingfulluseof.B．Facingtheconsequenceof.C．Attachinggreatimportanceto.D．Shoulderingtheresponsibilityfor.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線處的上文“Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses...asmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingthesegrasses.”可知，草坪在美國(guó)大陸占地面積很大，美國(guó)人為維護(hù)草坪花了很多錢。由此可知畫線處表示美國(guó)人對(duì)草坪非常重視。故選C。7．WhydoAmericanshaveapreferenceforwell-tendedlawns?A．Becauseofthepsychologicalfunctionoflawns.B．BecauseofthepopularityoflawnsinAmericans’life.C．Becauseofthepurposeofplacingbarometersinlawns.D．Becauseofthemethodofplantinghealthyandattractivelawns.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Peopletendtouselawnsto...becomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.”可推斷，美國(guó)人喜歡精心照料的草坪是因?yàn)椴萜涸谌藗兊男睦順?gòu)建方面的功能。故選A。8．WhatcanweknowaboutthelawnsintheU．tothepassage?A．Theywillbeexpandedtocovermorelands.B．Theycausesignificantenvironmentalconcerns.C．Theywillmotivatepeopletobehealth-conscious.D．Theycanpromotethedevelopmentofthechemicalindustry.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Tobeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain...alsocontributestoairpollution.”可知，大面積的草坪造成了重大的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空Iamasinglefatherwithtwoyounghadbeena(n)1year：Beingoutofwork2meofareliableincomeandthusIwasalwayslowonhatedto3myasNewYearapproached，withlittlechoice，Iwas4totellthegirls，“Itlookslikeourgiftwillbethegiftofour5foreachother.”Still，Icouldn’tstopfeeling6.Then，unexpectedly，a(n)7happenedto8$1,000inagivethema9，IkeptitasecretandwentshoppingonmyhomeIwrappedpresentsinthebasementformygirls，allthetime10，“Boy，howamazedtheywillbe！”Thenextmorning，to11thegifts，Iwenttothelivingroomand12.Therewerealreadydozensofpresents—allwithmynameongirlshadfelt13thatDadwouldn’tbegettinganygifts，sothey’d14wrappedtheirfavoritestuffedanimalsandothertoyssothatIwouldhaveahappynewyear.AsIstaredatthegiftsthrough15eyes，IpromisedmyselfthatthiswasthebestNewYearthatIhadeverhad.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者因?yàn)槭I(yè)無(wú)法給女兒們買禮物，非常內(nèi)疚，于是用一次比賽中意外贏得的一千美元秘密地給女兒們買了禮物。第二天去客廳擺放禮物時(shí)，作者卻看到女兒們已經(jīng)為他準(zhǔn)備好了禮物，作者對(duì)此非常感動(dòng)。1． B．happyC．typical D．rough答案D解析ordinary普通的；happy快樂(lè)的；typical典型的；rough艱難的。根據(jù)后文“Beingoutofwork”可知，作者失業(yè)了，所以日子很艱難。2． B．robbedC．informed D．convinced答案B解析remind提醒；rob剝奪，使失去；inform通知；convince說(shuō)服。根據(jù)空后的“thusIwasalwayslowonmoney”可知，作者總是很拮據(jù)，可知失業(yè)讓作者失去了可靠的收入。3． B．warnC．push D．control答案A解析disappoint使失望；warn警告；push推；control控制。結(jié)合上文及常識(shí)可知，作者因?yàn)槭I(yè)沒(méi)有可靠的收入，無(wú)法給女兒們買禮物，此處應(yīng)是表示作者討厭讓女兒們失望。4． B．chosenC．expected D．forced答案D解析ask要求；choose選擇；expect期待；force迫使。根據(jù)空前“withlittlechoice”可知，作者別無(wú)選擇，故他是被迫告訴女兒們。5． B．requestC．respect D．pity答案A解析love愛(ài)；request要求；respect尊重；pity遺憾。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，作者買不起禮物，所以禮物只能是他們對(duì)彼此的愛(ài)了。6． B．panicC．guilty D．pleased答案C解析responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；panic恐慌的；guilty內(nèi)疚的；pleased高興的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，作者無(wú)法在新年給女兒們買禮物，因此覺(jué)得內(nèi)疚。7． B．miracleC．opportunity D．failure答案B解析idea想法；miracle奇跡；opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；failure失敗的事。根據(jù)空前的unexpectedly和空后的“$1,000inacontest”可知，作者在比賽中贏了1000美元，這是一個(gè)出乎意料的奇跡。8． B．discoveredC．donated D．won答案D解析lose失去；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；donate捐贈(zèng)；win贏得。根據(jù)后文“$1,000inacontest”和常識(shí)可知，此處指在比賽中贏了1000美元。9． B．favorC．surprise D．lesson答案C解析gift禮物；favor幫助；surprise驚喜；lesson課程。根據(jù)后文“Ikeptitasecretandwentshoppingonmyown”可知，作者秘密地去買了禮物，是為了給女兒們驚喜。10． B．doubtingC．remembering D．thinking答案D解析wonder想知道；doubt懷疑；remember記得；think思考。后文“Boy，howamazedtheywillbe！”是作者內(nèi)心的想法，此處表示作者在包裝禮物時(shí)一直在思考。11．out B．setupC．handover D．gettogether答案A解析layout擺放，展示；setup建立；handover移交；gettogether收集。根據(jù)空后的“thegifts，Iwenttothelivingroom”可知，第二天早上，為了擺放禮物，作者走進(jìn)客廳。12． B．frozeC．waited D．rested答案B解析hesitate猶豫；freeze驚呆；wait等待；rest休息。根據(jù)后文“Therewerealreadydozensofpresents—allwithmynameonthem.”可知，客廳里已經(jīng)有幾十份禮物了——上面都有作者的名字，因此作者驚呆了。13． B．coolC．bad D．natural答案C解析thirsty口渴的；cool涼爽的；bad難過(guò)的；natural自然的。根據(jù)后文“Dadwouldn’tbegettinganygifts”可知，女兒們因?yàn)榘职值貌坏饺魏味Y物而感到難過(guò)。14． B．carefullyC．slightly D．nervously答案B解析tightly緊緊地；carefully認(rèn)真地；slightly稍微；nervously緊張地。根據(jù)后文“wrappedtheirfavoritestuffedanimalsandothertoyssothatIwouldhaveahappynewyear”可知，女兒們應(yīng)是認(rèn)真地包好禮物，希望父親度過(guò)一個(gè)快樂(lè)的新年。15． B．charmingC．watery D．picky答案C解析burning燃燒的；charming迷人的；watery淚眼汪汪的；picky挑剔的。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者被女兒們的舉動(dòng)所感動(dòng)，因此應(yīng)是淚眼汪汪地看著這些禮物。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedby，anonlinesurveyplatform，some96percentofsurveyedyouthsaidtheywerewillingtopurchaseguochaoproducts,1.refertoproductsbyhomegrownbrands.2.thesametime,percentofrespondents3.(voice)theirexpectationsformorevideoprogramsdiggingdeeperintotraditionalChineseagegroupoftheintervieweesrangedfromthepost-80stothepost-2000sgenerations，withthelatter4.(account)forpercent.“Nowadaysweare5.(deep)connectedwithmostcountriesintheworld，whichresultsinacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheoutsideworld，yetwestillhaveconfidenceinourownsenseofpride6.(base)onrationalthinking，”saidprofessorSuJunbinofXiamenUniversity.Unlikeoldergenerationswho