初中賓語從句詳細講解與練習(xí)

PAGE11初中賓語從句詳細講解與練習(xí)賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語動詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如：

Iknowtheman.而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如：

Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.

主句引導(dǎo)詞從句賓語從句三大塊:1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時態(tài)。Ⅰ.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老師說我是個好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1.Iknow…2.Shesays…3.Tellyourfriend…（that）1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.2.當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：①與ornot連用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②在介詞之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…Whatisthis?Whatareyoudoing?Wheredoyoulive?Whendoeshegetup?Howdidyougotowork?Whowillyouplaywith?Ⅱ.賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句式連詞語序例句陳述句That不變Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.注意事項:(一)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時，語序不變：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是_________時態(tài)。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的_________時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即學(xué)即練]子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15）WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.單項選擇1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.when B.if C.whether D./答案：Dhope后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案：A從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來看我們的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whether B.why C.what D.how答案：A本句表達一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.Lilived答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除A、B兩項。從句意判斷問的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；bought B.has；boughtC.did；buy D.does；buy答案：Adoyouthink是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor D.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除A、B兩項，由lastweek判斷應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestarted B.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstart D.whenwillwestart答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.that B.how C.what D.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字《誰動了我的奶酪》，本句含義是“一個讀者問書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名WhoMovedMyCheese，它本身含有一個who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個獨立的完整的東西。例2Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathow B.howthat C.whenthat D.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾·蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)……時”，本句中的that是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時間狀語的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或另一個含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimal