中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧（附詳解）

閱讀技巧

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題

1.題型特點

這類題在閱讀理解中所占比例較大。它常常針對文章中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)進行提問,即針對(w)h-問題，如用

when,where,why,how,who,which,what等進行提問，目的在于測試學(xué)生對說明文章中心思想的支撐事實和細(xì)節(jié)

的理解能力。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要的設(shè)問方式

①Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?

②Whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentionedinthepassage?

③Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?

?Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?

⑤WhichofIhefollowingshows/givesIherightrelationship/positionof...?

⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧

所謂“事實細(xì)節(jié)，，，是指在閱讀理解的短文中客觀存在的事實。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的答案一般都可以在原文中找

到。一般來說，應(yīng)在短文中找出相關(guān)信息的位置，確定試題測試的考點。當(dāng)然，有的試題還得對原文所提供的事

實進行一定的分析比較，才能做出正確的選擇。

(1)搜尋直接答案的閱讀技巧

先閱讀所給的問題，判斷其是否適合采用直接搜尋的閱讀方法。如果所提問題是文章中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容(即直

接性答案),就可直接搜尋答案。

(2)搜尋間接答案的閱讀技巧

①閱讀文章所給的問題，判斷哪些題目可以依靠通讀來解決。比如概括文章主題，給無標(biāo)題文章選標(biāo)題,

指出作者的觀點、意圖等的題目就需要依靠通讀來解決。

②用較短的時間大體上瀏覽一下閱讀材料，注意文章有可能涉及什么內(nèi)容，屬于什么體裁,以及文章安排

的大體輪廓等。

③從頭到尾閱讀一遍。一般來說，第一段或前幾句包含作者的基本思想和下文的發(fā)展線索,它是全文展開

的基礎(chǔ)，為下文發(fā)展搭建了理論框架。認(rèn)真閱讀第一段或文章的前幾句，盡量抓住其中的主要情節(jié)和論點，把握

全文發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。

④有些細(xì)節(jié)題容易出錯主要有幾種情況:

a.干擾項多。類似的內(nèi)容多而雜，需要從中找出準(zhǔn)確答案。例如:短文同時出現(xiàn)多個朋友，過去現(xiàn)在的十幾

種愛好，細(xì)節(jié)題考某人過去的愛好，需要在多而雜的內(nèi)容中，帶上問題，逐一去尋找，比對，找到正確選項。

b.迷惑性強。例:文中出現(xiàn)總金牌數(shù)洞題問的是奧運金牌數(shù)，粗心的考生易錯選總金牌數(shù)。這類題要看清

關(guān)鍵信息。

例1

LiShizhen（李時珍）wasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinesehistory.HewasborninQichun,Hubeiin

1518.

BothofLiShizhen'sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwho

traveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs（藥草）andmedicationsandcured（治愈）people.Hisfatherwasa

doctorwhowroteseveralbooks.

LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen'sfatherwantedhim

toenterpolitics（從政）.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry-levelexamination,buthewas

neverabletopasstheimperial（帝國的）examination.

Whenhewas38,hecuredthesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt（宮廷）.A

fewyearslater,hebecameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.

Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather^dream,hedidn'twanttocontinueworkingfbrthecourt.Oneyearlater,

heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.

LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica（《本草綱目》）.Hespent27years

writingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissuchasuccessfulbook.

NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

1.WhatwasLiShizhen'sgrandfather?

A.Anofficial.B.Aprince.C.Acountrydoctor.

2.WhatdidLiShizhen'sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?

A.Tobeadoctor.B.Toenterpolitics.C.Tobeaprince.

3.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured.

A.hisgrandfather

B.thesonofthePrinceofChu

C.anofficialinthatcountry

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?

A.Workingforthecourt.

B.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.

C.Hislongtraveling.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.LiShizhen'slife.

B.LiShizhen'sgrandfatherDslife.

C.LiShizhen'sfather'slife.

例2

Animalsgrowupindifferentways.Somenewbornanimalsarehelplessbuttheirmothersprotectthem.Anewborn

kangarooisverysmall.Itisonlyafewcentimeters(cm)long.Itclosesitseyesanddoesn'thavehair.Itstayssafein

itsmother'spouch(育JL袋)fbralongtime.

Anewbornmonkeycannotwalk.Itsmothercarriesiteverywhere.

Otherbabyanimalscanwalksoonafterthey'reborn.Theylearntorunwiththeirmotherswhendangerisnear.

Ababyzebracanrun,anhourafteritisborn.

Somebabyanimalsareborninaplacethatissafe.Babywolvesareusuallyborninbigholeswithlittlelight.

Otherbabyanimalsarebornintheopen.Ababyelephantisoftenbornonopenland.

Animalsthatdrinktheirmothers*milkarecalledmammals.Amotherbear'smilkisrich.Babybearshave

milkforafewmonths.Thisisthesamewithbabyzebras.Asbabyanimalsgrow,theyneedsolid(固體的)food.

Babylionseatwhattheirmothercancatch!

1.Accordingtothepassage,manynewbornanimalsneedtheirmothers9helpbecausethebabiescan't.

A.lookafterthemselvesB.eatanyfoodC.walkbythemselves

2.Anewbornmonkey'smothercarriesiteverywherebecause.

A.itisverysmallB.itcan'twalkC.itclosesitseyes

3.Babywolvesareusuallybornina(n)place.

A.openB.brightC.safe

4.Newbommammals5mainfoodis.

A.mothers,milkB.solidfoodC.smalleranimals

5.Howmanykindsofbabyanimalsarementionedinthispassage?

A.Six.B.Seven.C.Eight.

二、詞義猜測題

題型特點

這類題型旨在考查學(xué)生利用上下文對詞、詞組以及句子的辨別能力。利用上下文猜測詞義是閱讀理解

的基本技巧之一，也是我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的主要方法。在閱讀過程中,有些同學(xué)一遇到生僻詞語就查詞典，這是不可

取的。一遇到生僻詞語就查閱詞典不但會使我們養(yǎng)成依賴詞典的習(xí)慣，而且還會影響閱讀速度。我們閱讀漢

語文章時遇到不認(rèn)識的詞語是否都查詞典呢?答案是否定的?？墒俏覀兪侨绾卫斫馑鼈兊哪?利用上下文提示

猜測詞義就是訣竅。

詞義猜測題的類型主要有三種:熟詞新義要求學(xué)生在某一特定的語言環(huán)境中推斷某一多義詞的正確意思;

生詞釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出詞義;難句釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍稍大的上下文推斷句意。

2.詞義猜測題主要的設(shè)問方式

①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase...inChinese?

②Theunderlinedword...refersto/probablymeans...

③Theunderlinedword...couldbereplacedby...

④Whatisthemeaningof...

⑤Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword...?

3.詞義猜測題的解題技巧

(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義

通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞所在部分與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞義。有時文章借助

關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示因果關(guān)系。

例Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

解析通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。

(2)通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測詞義

在文章中,有時作者為避免重復(fù)，或為了表達同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，

我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉的詞語推測不熟悉詞語的含義。

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞,

也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。

例ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.

解析此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均為生詞旭只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都

屬于“行星”這一領(lǐng)域。

(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義

有時作者為了說明相反的兩件事或人，使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進行對比，我們可以

利用已知單詞推測未知單詞的詞義。

通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否

定意義的詞語。

例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

解析根據(jù)“notatallashandsome..."我們不難推測出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。

(4)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義

在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些生詞，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞義,而它們對文章的理解又有著

舉足輕重的作用。此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。

⑸通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測詞義

定義或解釋形式多樣，常由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,be

knownas,define,represent等詞匯或破折號來表示。作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、

難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等進行解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性,利用它們猜詞義比較容易。如果生

詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。

例Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.

解析從drought所在的句子我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought,由此可見

drought的意思是“久旱，旱災(zāi)而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatis,in

otherwords,becalled或破折號等來表示。

(6)通過舉例來猜測詞義

恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。

例Bananas.oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

解析pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大概的意思。從

句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說,

是菠蘿和椰子。

(7)通過描述猜測詞義

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的描寫。

例ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.ltisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughit

cannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

解析從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類，即企鵝。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥

類的生活習(xí)性。

（8）根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義

①有些單詞并不能直接猜測出其詞義,但可以根據(jù)上下文的提示猜測出其詞義。

例OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomething

positiveoutofit.

Itwasn'tuntilafewweeksafterSeptember11thatIbegantoseethatperhapssomegooddidcomefromthis

tragedy.

Theword"positive^inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.terribleB.badC.good

解析根據(jù)上文“我一直認(rèn)為不管世間的事物有多么糟，你還是能發(fā)現(xiàn)它積極的一面。”因此答案是C。

②在句子或段落中,若事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。

例Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.ldon?tliketobewithhim.

Theunderlinedphrase“allwet“means.

A.drunkB.sweatingC.wrong

解析根據(jù)下文“我不喜歡跟他在一起''可知，他如果認(rèn)為能約我出去，那就“錯了”。因此C是正確答案。

（9）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義

有時，我們利用自己的生活常識，便可知道生詞的含義。

例Adeaf-and-dumbguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.

解析從句子意思可知他想買釘子，那么賣釘子的商店無疑是五金店。

（10）利用單詞的發(fā)音進行推測

英語中有些單詞來自漢語，與漢語的發(fā)音有些相似，另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時采用音譯，如:sofa（沙

發(fā)）,coffee（咖啡）,typhoon（臺風(fēng)）,aspirin（阿司匹林）,nylon（尼龍）等。因此,利用單詞的發(fā)音也是一種猜測的手段。

例TheOlympicGamesbeganinthe5thcenturyBC.

OnedayitwasrevealedthatMrsMorelhadcancerandwasbeyondanyhelpexceptthatofmorphine.

解析上面這兩個句子中面線的兩個詞，只要我們能準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音,就能知道它們的意思分別是“奧林匹克'’和

“嗎啡”。

例1

Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andwe

oftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.

Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.These

characteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyou

willneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics:

SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.Giveyourrobot

sensors(傳感器):lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtaste

sensors(tongue).

MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment.Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsor

bedrivenbysmallengines(發(fā)動機).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.

EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself.Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight;somemight

withelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(電￥也).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyour

robotneedstodo.

IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof'smarts".Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”.

Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.

l.Theunderlinedword"苴"inParagraph2isabout.

A.thetoyB.thecharacteristicC.themachine

2.Thechemicalsensorsmayhelparobotto.

A.seeB.catchC.smell

3.Inhowmanywayscanarobotpoweritselfaccordingtothepassage?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

4.TheChinesemeaningof"Intelligence^inthelastparagraphis.

A.能源B.勤奮C.智能

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.

B.Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.

C.Todescribethemovementofarobot.

例2

RachelCarson（1907—1964）wasapioneeroftheworld'senvironmentalmovementthroughherwritingabout

theprotectionofthenaturalworld.Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople.ltdescribes

theharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic（有害的）chemicalsonfarmland.

Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries.In1951shepublishedherfirstbook,The

SeaAroundUs,whichbecameabestseller.Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting.

Shewasagiftedwriter.Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists.

Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletelychangedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature.It_paintedableak（荒

涼的）futureforthewholenaturalworld.Itledtoanationwideban（禁止）ontheuseofadeadlychemicalcalled

DDT,andothertoxicpesticides（農(nóng)藥）thatfarmersusedfortheircrops.Manypeoplesaythebookledtothe

creationofAmerica'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.

Sinceherdeath,Carson'snamehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment.Thereisnowa

yearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize.NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreat

contributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection.In1980,16yearsafterherdeath,shewasawardedthe

PresidentialMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica.

1.WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962?

A.Shestartedtowritebooks.

B.HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous.

C.HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwell.

2.WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob?

A.Shegotanaward.

B.ShepublishedSilentSpring.

C.TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoney.

3.WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection?

A.Itdescribesasilentspring.

B.Ittoppedthebooksaleslists.

C.ItchangedhowAmericathoughtaboutnature.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Jf'inParagraph3mean?

A.ThebookSilentSpring.

B.ThewayAmericathought.

C.TheUSBureauofFisheries.

5.WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom?

A.Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection.

B.ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheries.

C.ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarsonBookPrize.

三、主旨大意題

1.題型特點

要求在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解答這種題型時,不能只憑文中的只言

片語而斷章取義,比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題，都需

要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中

隱含的信息。

2.主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問方式

①What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

②Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

④Thewritermeanstotellusthat.

⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

@Thepassageismainlyabout.

?Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

⑧What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

⑨Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

⑩Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

3.主旨大意題的解題技巧

(1)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主旨;串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié)，推斷文章中心思想。所謂關(guān)鍵詞，即文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題

有關(guān)的實詞，如名詞、動詞等。冠詞或介詞等虛詞均不在關(guān)鍵詞之列。需要注意的是，為了避免同一詞的過多

重復(fù),文章有時會使用這個詞的同義詞、近義詞，或用代詞指代。我們知道,并不是所有文章都包含明確的主題

句,比如大多數(shù)記敘文。記敘文的中心思想多隱藏在具體的細(xì)節(jié)中，作者通過眾多的細(xì)節(jié)事實對一個中心點進

行論述。因此，我們必須善于串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié),從中歸納文章的中心思想。

(2)注意段落主題句，歸納文章大意。

段落的主題通常由被稱為主題句(TopicSentence)的句子來表示。主題句有兩個功能:①介紹段落的主題

(Topic);②闡述控制概念(ControllingIdea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子討論的內(nèi)容。

主題句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句，偶爾在段落中間。我們在閱讀非故事性文章(如科普類文章)的時

候，主題句尤為明顯。有的文章無明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中。

①主題句位于段首

主題句位于段首是由作者先立論，后擺事實講道理的寫作手法形成的。這種段落稱作演繹型段落。據(jù)有

關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明，在英語議論文或說明文中，有60%~90%的主題句是段落的第一句。

a.尋找主題句

有些段落,有明顯的引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞，常見的信息詞有:forexample,anexampleof.lhemostimportant

example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。

在閱讀中，應(yīng)盡量利用上述信息詞確定主題句的位置。從段落中的forexample可以斷定，前一句話是主題

句。如果無明顯的信息詞，可先假設(shè)第一句話為主題句，在第二句話前面添加一個forexample,看看第二句話是

否可以支撐第一句話，如果第二句話不能支撐第一句話，便在其他地方找出主題句。

b.選擇答案

先徹底弄懂主題句的句意,然后閱讀所給的選項，選擇與主題句句意相吻合的答案，如主題句的再現(xiàn)，主題

句句意的轉(zhuǎn)述或推論等，排除與主題句句意無關(guān)的答案,如支撐細(xì)節(jié)和文章中未曾闡述的事實等。

②主題句位于段末

主題句位于段末是作者采用了先擺事實，后做結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。

③主題句位于段落的中間

主題句偶爾也出現(xiàn)在段落的中間，但不一定就在正中間。有時，第一句并非主題句，而是承上啟下的過渡

句。在這種情況下，第二句便成了主題句。此外，主題句也可能是段落的倒數(shù)第二句。

例1

TheSilkRoadisthenameofdifferentroadsthatlongagoconnectedEurope,AfricaandAsia.Peoplereached

thesedifferentplacesalongtheseroads.ScientistsbelievepeoplebegantotraveltheSilkRoadabout3000years

ago.BythetimetheChinesesilktradebecameimportantintheworld,theSilkRoadcoveredalmost6500

kilometers.ItwentfromRometoChina,whichisfromtheWesttotheFarEast.

MerchantstravelledalongtheSilkRoadtocarrysilk,ofcourse.Theyalsocarriedandtradedotherthingslike

spices（香料）,cloth,jewelsandgold.

Alongandaroundtheseancientpaths（小路）,havecomemanyfascinatingandmysteriousstories.

ItissaidthatRomansoldierswholostawartravelledthroughcentralAsia.Theydecidedtolivesomewhere

neartheancientChinesevillages.SomeoftheseRomansmarriedlocalChinesewomenandthelegendofthe

blond-haired,blue-eyedtribesofChinawasstarted.

SomehistoriansbelievethatthepeopleofKashmirweretakenawayfromtheircountryIsrael.Theywere

prisoners（俘虜）ofwaralmost2800yearsago.PeoplesaythatthesepeopletravelledalongtheSilkRoad.They

kepttheirJewishwayoflifeforalongtime.

Duringitsbusiestperiod,theSilkRoadallowedpeoplefrommanydifferentculturesandcountriestomeet

eachotherandmix.TheSilkRoadallowedthesharingofvaluablethingsandnewideas.Itincludedpeopleand

tradinggoodsfromdifferentareas.AllthesepeoplestravelledtheSilkRoad,andtheysharedgoods,stories,

languages,andcultures.

Inmoderntimes,theoldSilkRoadroutes（路線）arestillused,butnowtheyarecrossedbytrainsinsteadof

camelsandhorses.ThereisevenaSilkRouteMuseuminJiuquaninChina.Ithasover35,000objectsfromall

alongtheSilkRoad.Inthisway,Chinaprotectsthehistoryofmanycountriesandpeoples.

Litisclearthat.

A.theSilkRoadwasdividedintoEurope,AfricaandAsia

B.RomansoldierswouldliketotravelalongtheSilkRoad

C.peoplecouldtraveltodifferentcountriesalongtheSilkRoad

2.Theunderlinedword"Merchants^inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.foreignersB.businessmenC.soldiers

3.Accordingtothepassage,.

A.theSilkRoadbeganwiththewars

B.theSilkRoadcoveredalmost6500kilometersinChina

C.peoplebegantotraveltheSilkRoadabout3000yearsago

4.TheoldSilkRoadroutesarestillusedbecause,

A.peoplecankeepontravellingandtradingalongthem

B.thehistoriansandscientiststhinkhighlyofthem

C.ChinawillmakegooduseoftheSilkRoadagain

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe.

A.StoriesalongtheSilkRoad

B.SilkRouteMuseum

C.TradeforSilk

例2

Whatisthedifferencebetweenafear（害怕）andaphobia?Youmighthaveafearofdogsifyouhaveeverbeen

bittenbyone.However,ifyouavoidwalkingdownstreetswhereyouthinktheremightbeadog,youmayhavea

phobia,whichisastrongunnaturalfear.Ifthefearhasstartedtochangeaperson'slife,heorsheprobablyhasa

phobia.Differentsurveyssaythatbetween10and80percentofushaveatleastonephobia.

Youcanprobablyguesswhatsomeofthemosf'popular^phobiasare.Flyingmaybethesafestwaytotravel,

butmanypeoplearescaredofdoingit.Fearofheightsisalsoverycommon.Forexample,Spider-ManactorTobey

Maquirecan'tstandhighplaces.However,Tobeyisnotafraidofspidersthatmostpeopleareafraidof.Rupert

Grint,whoplaysintheHarryPottermovies,isinfearofspiders.'Tnonesceneofthemovie,wecomeintothelarge

spider'shole,andtherewemeetaspiderthatisthesizeofanelephantandreallyscarybecausehehasthesehairs.

I'mreallyscaredofspiders,?,hesaid.

.Forexample,catsareverycuteformostofus,butnotforsuchpowerfulpeopleinhistoryas

AlexandertheGreatandNapoleanBonaparte.ActorNicoleKidmansaysJI'mnotscaredofsnakesorspiders,but

I'mscaredofbutterflies.SometimeswhenIcamehomefromschool,thebiggestbutterflyyouhadeverseenwould

bejustsittingonourfrontgate.Iwouldclimboverthefence,moveslowlytothesideofthehouse,ordoanything

toavoidhavingtogothroughthefrontgate."Clowns（小丑）arenotsofunnyfbractorJohnnyDepp,whose

childhoodmemoryofthe46paintedfacesandfakesmiles^stillmakeshimscared.Someotherweirdf怪誕的）phobias,

includingchewinggum,olddoorsorwindowsandfootsteps,alsofearsomefamouspersons,suchasOrahWinfred,

BillyBobandSigmundFred.

1.RupertGrintwhoactedinHarryPotterisscaredof.

A.dogsB.snakesC.spiders

2.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorscanbeaphobiaforthesepersons?

A.Cathydislikeskeepingapetcatathome.

B.Dorisshoutscrazilywheneverhearingfootstepsatnight.

C.Lindafeelsverytiredclimbingthemountains.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestfor""inParagraph3?

A.Somepeoplehavephobiasthataremoreunusual

B.Noresearchhasbeenreportedwhatcausesthephobias

C.Doctorssaythatmostphobiascanbetreatedsuccessfully

4.Wecaninfer（推斷）fromthepassagethat.

A.peoplearebomwithphobias

B.phobiasarecommoninourdailylife

C.famouspeopleareeasiertogetphobias

四、推理判斷題

1.題型特點

推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對文章言外之意的理解。這種題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案,

而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者

的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，獲取作者在文章中沒有直接表述出來的態(tài)度、觀點等。這種

類型的題主要有三種形式:語義推理題、結(jié)論推理題和出處推理題。語義推理題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章、段落或

句子的表層信息推斷出深層含義,比如推斷文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;結(jié)論推理題和出處推

理題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章中所列舉的事實推斷出符合邏輯的結(jié)論或文章的出處。

2.推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問方式

?Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...

?Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnaccordingtothepassage?

③Thewritersuggeststhat...

④Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat...

⑤What'sthewriter'sattitudetoward...?

⑥What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthepassage?

?Fromthepassage,weknow...

⑧Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...

3.推理判斷題的解題技巧

中考的閱讀理解不僅要求考生讀懂短文中的每個句子,而且還要求能理解句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。有的試

題要求根據(jù)中學(xué)生必須具有的常識，對所讀的短文進行一定程度的推斷;有的試題還要求了解其內(nèi)在的邏輯

關(guān)系，從而對所讀的內(nèi)容形成較深層的理解。一般來說,這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，必須根據(jù)原

文提供的有關(guān)信息,進行合理的推斷才能回答。完成推理判斷題，通常應(yīng)注意以下兩點：

⑴特別留心特定細(xì)節(jié)

所謂“特定細(xì)節(jié)”，就是問題所涉及的范圍和對象中的細(xì)節(jié)事實。它一般包括事實根據(jù)、名字（人物或地點）、

數(shù)字（日期或統(tǒng)計數(shù)字）、關(guān)鍵詞語的其他表達方法（同義詞、近義詞、反義詞）等。

（2）注意作者的語氣和態(tài)度

作者的語氣和態(tài)度通常體現(xiàn)在短文所使用的措辭和句式上。要特別注意感情色彩比較濃重的形容詞和

副詞，特別留心短文句子的長度和結(jié)構(gòu)。從措辭上我們可以推斷出作者對所討論話題的態(tài)度（肯定或否定，贊成

或反對，褒揚或諷刺，喜好或厭惡等）;從句式的長短和結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出作者討論問題的語氣（鄭重其事還是輕

松活潑，實事求是還是夸大其詞，真摯熱誠還是冷嘲熱諷等）。

例1

InParis,onefreezingwinterevening,!washavingdinnerwithmyfriend,Mr.Dupin,thefamousdetective.We

hadjustfinishedourmeal,whentherewasaloudknockingatthedoor.Dupinopenedit.TherestoodMr.Germain,the

chief（警長）oftheParisPolice.

Wewelcomedhimwarmly,forhewasanoldacquainiance（熟人）whomwehadn'tseenforalongtime.

“Ineedyourassistance.^saidGermain.44!metacase（案件）thathasbeengivingmeagreatdealoftrouble.,,4it

isverysimplebutverystrange.^^

“Also,pleasekeepthissecret.IfanyonefoundoutthatItoldyouthis,Iwouldcertainlylosemyjob.^^

“Well,then,"saidtheChie￡”Ihavelearnedthataveryimportantletterhasbeenstolenfromtheking.Weare

surewhostoleitandthattheletterisinhishouse.”

“Butwhowoulddaredosuchathing!5*!cried.

“Thethief,“saidGermainsoftly,t6isamanwhodaresdomanydangerousthings.Heisoneofthemostpowerful

andimportantministersinthegovemment.HeisMinisterDanton!,9

“Haveyousearchedhishouse?^^

“Alotoftimes.WhileMinisterDantonwasout,alotofwell-trainedpoliceofficerscarefullysearchedthe

entirehouse,roombyroom.Infact,weexaminedeverythinginthehousebutfoundnothing."...

Amonthlater,DupinaskedGermainandmetohishouse.Therehetookoutaletterandhandedittothe

Chief.Wewerebothverysurprised.

Dupinexplained,knowMinisterDantonverywell.Hecouldnothidetheletterinanyoftheusualhiding

places.Irealizedthathemighthavelefttheletteroutintheopen,rightundereveryone'snose,wherenoonewould

searchfbrit.”

“ThenIvisitedhimwithmydarkglassesontohelpmeobserve（觀察）better.Whilewewerechatting,a

dirty,tornletterintheletterholdersuddenlycaughtmyeyes-unusualfbrtheMinister,whoiscarefulandneat.”

“Iwassureitwastheletter.,,

“ThenIpurposelyleftmyglovesbehindsoIcouldcomebackagain.^^

“Thenextmorning,!hiredamantofireagunonthestreet.WhiletheMinisterwenttoseewhathappened,!

stoletheletterbyreplacingitwithasimilarone.^OnitDupinwrotethesewords:

Yourplanwasgood,butminewasbetter.

Asyoucansee,Itooktheletter.

一BasedonastorybyEdgarAllanPoe

1.Theunderlinedword"assistance^inthethirdparagraphprobablymeanshere.

A.hobbyB.helpC.habit

2.Whoisthebestatsolvingdifficultcasesaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriter.B.Mr.Germain.C.Mr.Dupin.

3.DupindidallthefollowingthingstohelpgettheletterbackEXCEPT.

A.wearinghisdarkglasseswhenvisitingDanton'shouse

B.leavinghisglovespurposelybehindinDanton'shouse

C.writingsomewordsontheletterheputintotheletterholder

4.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

A.DupinandDantonarealsoacquaintances

B.Dupinandthewriterarebothdetectives

C.Dantonandthewriterarenewfriends

例2

Doyouknowwhatyou'dliketobewhenyougrowup?Ittakesmostpeoplemanyyearstofindthisout.For

theyoungartistAlexandraNechita,itneverreallyseemedtobeaquestion.Fromthedayshebegandrawingatthe

ageoftwo,shewasanartist.

AlexandraNechitawasborninRomaniain1985andmovedtoCaliforniawhenshewasstillababy.Asalittle

child,shelovedcolouringinhercolouringbooks.Herparentshopedshecouldspendmoretimeplayingwithother

children,sotheytookawayhercolouringbooks.Alexandrabegandrawingherownpicturesandcolouringthemin.

BythetimeAlexandrawassevenyearsold,shehadbegunpaintingwithoilpaints.WhenAlexandratooka

localartclass,herteacherwasamazedattheyoungartist'sunusualstyleofpainting.Alexandra'sworkwassimilar

insomewaystothepaintingsbyfamousartistslikePicasso.Theseartistsdidnotusearealisticstyleofpainting.

Theyallowedtheirimaginationstoplayanimportantpartintheirwork.Theinterestingthingwasthatlittle

Alexandrahadneverseentheworkoftheseartists.Peoplecalledher“LittlePicasso,,.Thiswasagreathonour,but

Alexandra'sstyleofpaintingwasallherown.

Alexandra'sfirstpublicshowwasheldataLosAngelespubliclibrarywhenshewasonlyeightyearsold.

PeoplewereamazedathowyoungAlexandrawas,butmostlytheylovedherimaginativeartwork.Itdidnottake

longforAlexandraandherworktobecomefamous.Sheappearedontelevis