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郵箱：happylifemxy@

本節(jié)知識(shí)先是對(duì)DirectX11關(guān)于2D紋理映射方面基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的一個(gè)講解，然后通過(guò)一個(gè)demo的創(chuàng)建過(guò)程來(lái)將學(xué)到的理論知識(shí)付諸實(shí)踐。

一、引言

在之前我們提到過(guò)，紋理實(shí)際上就是映射到物體表面的數(shù)據(jù)。其實(shí)，紋理也可能是其他的一些信息片段，比如用于映射的常規(guī)映射值，用于控制透明度的alpha值，等等。通常情況下，紋理是通過(guò)一個(gè)叫做紋理映射的過(guò)程來(lái)映射一幅圖像到表面上的顏色值，這種功能能顯著地增加所繪制場(chǎng)景的細(xì)膩感和真實(shí)感。紋理和游戲開(kāi)發(fā)中需要的其他數(shù)據(jù)一樣，通常都是在運(yùn)行時(shí)加載的。由于紋理是Direct3D重要的組成的部分，微軟為我們提供了眾多功能強(qiáng)大而豐富的Direct3D內(nèi)建的函數(shù)，來(lái)處理紋理相關(guān)的操作。

二、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)講解

1.紋理的加載

在Direct3D11中，我們通常使用D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile函數(shù)用于從硬盤(pán)文件中加載紋理。這個(gè)函數(shù)支持非常豐富的圖像格式，比如BMP,PNG,以及DDS。D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile函數(shù)擁有六個(gè)變量，具有以下的函數(shù)原型：

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?HRESULT

D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile(

ID3D11Device*

pDevice,

LPCTSTR

pSrcFile,

D3DX11_IMAGE_LOAD_INFO*

pLoadInfo,

ID3DX11ThreadPump*

pPump,

ID3D11Resource**

ppTexture,

HRESULT*

pHResult

);

D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile函數(shù)的第一個(gè)的參數(shù)為ID3D11Device類(lèi)型的指針變量。第二個(gè)參數(shù)pSrcFile為被加載文件的文件路徑和文件名。第三個(gè)參數(shù)pLoadInfo為一個(gè)圖形信息結(jié)構(gòu)體。它為一個(gè)可選的參數(shù)，并允許我們通過(guò)指定CPU訪問(wèn)的標(biāo)識(shí)、內(nèi)部格式、寬度和高度來(lái)控制圖像紋理的加載方式。第四個(gè)參數(shù)pPump用于多線程加載紋理時(shí)的異步處理。第五個(gè)參數(shù)ppTexture用是紋理對(duì)象被調(diào)用時(shí)這個(gè)函數(shù)創(chuàng)建出的地址。如果D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile函數(shù)調(diào)用成功，這個(gè)變量就會(huì)擁有一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的紋理供使用。最后一個(gè)參數(shù)pHResult是指向線程返回值的指針。

若此線程的參數(shù)不為空，pHResult必須為一個(gè)有效的內(nèi)存地址。在Direct3D中我們能夠使用很多函數(shù)載入各種琳瑯滿目的圖像文件格式，下面我們對(duì)他們進(jìn)行一個(gè)詳細(xì)的列舉：

WindowsBitmap(BMP)JointPhotographicExpertGroup—i.e.,JPEG(JPG)PortableNetworkGraphics(PNG)TaggedImageFormat(TIFF)GraphicsInterchangeFormat(GIF)DirectDrawSurface(DDS)WindowsMediaPlayer(WMP)

2.紋理接口

紋理接口通常用于管理一個(gè)特定類(lèi)型的圖像數(shù)據(jù)。目前Direct3D紋理接口主要有三種類(lèi)型，他們分別是：ID3D11Texture1D——用于1D或者條形的紋理ID3D11Texture2D——用于2D數(shù)據(jù)，這也是最常用的紋理資源類(lèi)型、ID3D11Texture3D——用于表示3D數(shù)據(jù)的紋理資源類(lèi)型上述3種紋理資源類(lèi)型都包含一個(gè)或者多個(gè)子資源。而游戲開(kāi)發(fā)中使用的大多數(shù)紋理類(lèi)型基本上都為二維的，他們都需要轉(zhuǎn)化為ID3D11Texture2D型資源后再使用。而這些子資源代表了紋理中不同的

MIP等級(jí)。譬如Adobe’sPhotoshop這類(lèi)的圖像編輯器是創(chuàng)造2D紋理的最得力幫手。

3.紋理細(xì)節(jié)

在游戲開(kāi)發(fā)的過(guò)程中，常常我們需要從加載的紋理中得到一些特定的信息，比如說(shuō)維度或者像素格式。這時(shí)候隸屬于ID3D11Texture2D中的GetDesc函數(shù)就可以派上用場(chǎng)了。這個(gè)函數(shù)的功能是為我們填充D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC結(jié)構(gòu)體中的各種細(xì)節(jié)，從而通過(guò)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體作為載體，有關(guān)的各類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)就一目了然了。

D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC是專(zhuān)用于2D紋理的紋理描述結(jié)構(gòu)體家族中的一員。對(duì)于其他的兩個(gè)維度，Direct3D11為我們準(zhǔn)備了D3D11_TEXTURE1D_DESC用于1D紋理，D3D11_TEXTURE3D_DESC用于3D紋理。

作為最常見(jiàn)的紋理，二維的D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC聲明形式如下：

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?typedef

struct

D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC

{

UINT

Width;

UINT

Height;

UINT

MipLevels;

UINT

ArraySize;

DXGI_FORMAT

Format;

DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC

SampleDesc;

D3D11_USAGE

Usage;

UINT

BindFlags;

UINT

CPUAccessFlags;

UINT

MiscFlags;

}

D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC;

三、DirectX112D紋理映射demo的創(chuàng)建

這里，我們先介紹一下這個(gè)demo的組成結(jié)構(gòu)：如圖，頭文件有Dx11DemoBase.h以及Texture2DDemo.h源文件有Dx11DemoBase.cpp，Texture2DDemo.h以及main.cpp

在之前的TriangleDemo的基礎(chǔ)上，我們?cè)偬砑右粋€(gè)叫做TextureDemo的類(lèi)，以及添加一個(gè)叫做colorMap_的D3D11ShaderResourceView類(lèi)型的著色器資源視圖和一個(gè)D3D11SamplerState類(lèi)型的喚做colorMapSampler_的采樣狀態(tài)。著色資源視圖簡(jiǎn)單的來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)用于訪問(wèn)資源的對(duì)象。當(dāng)我們加載紋理到內(nèi)存中的時(shí)候，必須創(chuàng)建一個(gè)著色器資源視圖來(lái)通過(guò)著色器獲取數(shù)據(jù)，而這些數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被綁定到輸出程序集當(dāng)中。著色器資源視圖也有其他的作用，比如為DirectCompute提供異步運(yùn)算時(shí)需要的數(shù)據(jù)，本節(jié)我們主要是介紹其在紋理方面的運(yùn)用。ID3D11Texture2D代表數(shù)據(jù)的緩存，而著色器資源視圖允許我們?cè)谥髦胁榭催@個(gè)緩存的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)。采樣器聲明（samplerstate）允許我們?cè)L問(wèn)的紋理采樣的狀態(tài)信息。后面將對(duì)其做更多更詳細(xì)的講解。TextureDemo類(lèi)的頭文件代碼書(shū)寫(xiě)風(fēng)格如下：

代碼段一

TextureDemo.h對(duì)TextureDemo類(lèi)的輪廓書(shū)寫(xiě)

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?#ifndef

_TEXTURE_2D_DEMO_H_

#define

_TEXTURE_2D_DEMO_H_

#include"Dx11DemoBase.h"

class

TextureDemo

:

public

Dx11DemoBase

{

public:

TextureDemo(

);

virtual

~TextureDemo(

);

bool

LoadContent(

);

void

UnloadContent(

);

void

Update(

float

dt

);

void

Render(

);

private:

ID3D11VertexShader*

solidColorVS_;

ID3D11PixelShader*

solidColorPS_;

ID3D11InputLayout*

inputLayout_;

ID3D11Buffer*

vertexBuffer_;

ID3D11ShaderResourceView*

colorMap_;

ID3D11SamplerState*

colorMapSampler_;

};

#endif

由于我們正在執(zhí)行紋理映射這項(xiàng)操作，我們需要對(duì)頂點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)體的代碼進(jìn)行更新，使其包含兩個(gè)浮點(diǎn)型的變量。這項(xiàng)工作可由XMFLOAT2結(jié)構(gòu)體來(lái)完成。

代碼段二中展示了這個(gè)demo中頂點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)體，LoadContent,函數(shù)和UnloadContent函數(shù)的寫(xiě)法

代碼段二

頂點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)體以及LoadContent和UnloadContent的書(shū)寫(xiě)

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?struct

VertexPos

{

XMFLOAT3

pos;

XMFLOAT2

tex0;

};

bool

TextureDemo::LoadContent(

)

{

...

Load

vertex

Shader

...

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC

solidColorLayout[]

=

{

{

"POSITION",

0,

DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,

0,

0,

D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,

0

},

{

"TEXCOORD",

0,

DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,

0,

12,

D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,

0

}

};

unsigned

int

totalLayoutElements

=

ARRAYSIZE(

solidColorLayout

);

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateInputLayout(

solidColorLayout,

totalLayoutElements,

vsBuffer->GetBufferPointer(

),

vsBuffer->GetBufferSize(

),

&inputLayout_

);

...

Load

Pixel

Shader

...

VertexPos

vertices[]

=

{

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

1.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

1.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

1.0f

)

},

};

...

Create

Vertex

Buffer

...

d3dResult

=

D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(

d3dDevice_,

"decal.dds",

0,

0,

&colorMap_,

0

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"Failed

to

load

the

texture

image!"

);

return

false;

}

D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC

colorMapDesc;

ZeroMemory(

&colorMapDesc,

sizeof(

colorMapDesc

)

);

colorMapDesc.AddressU

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.AddressV

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.AddressW

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.ComparisonFunc

=

D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;

colorMapDesc.Filter

=

D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;

colorMapDesc.MaxLOD

=

D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateSamplerState(

&colorMapDesc,

&colorMapSampler_

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"Failed

to

create

color

map

sampler

state!"

);

return

false;

}

return

true;

}

void

TextureDemo::UnloadContent(

)

{

if(

colorMapSampler_

)

colorMapSampler_->Release(

);

if(

colorMap_

)

colorMap_->Release(

);

if(

solidColorVS_

)

solidColorVS_->Release(

);

if(

solidColorPS_

)

solidColorPS_->Release(

);

if(

inputLayout_

)

inputLayout_->Release(

);

if(

vertexBuffer_

)

vertexBuffer_->Release(

);

colorMapSampler_

=

0;

colorMap_

=

0;

solidColorVS_

=

0;

solidColorPS_

=

0;

inputLayout_

=

0;

vertexBuffer_

=

0;

}

UnloadContent函數(shù)釋放了新對(duì)象，而LoadContent函數(shù)進(jìn)行了紋理圖像的加載。我們可以使用Direct3D中的D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile函數(shù)（這個(gè)函數(shù)名是不是略長(zhǎng)啊，哈哈），來(lái)加載一個(gè)紋理然后在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的調(diào)用之中創(chuàng)建著色器資源視圖。這個(gè)函數(shù)在我們想畢其功于一役的時(shí)候，即希望加載一個(gè)紋理連著創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的著色器資源視圖一步到位的時(shí)候，非常的好用。D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile函數(shù)的變量和D3DX11CreateTextureFromFile函數(shù)的相似度很高，這員大將有以下原型：

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?HRESULT

D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(

ID3D11Device*

pDevice,

LPCTSTR

pSrcFile,

D3DX11_IMAGE_LOAD_INFO*

pLoadInfo,

ID3DX11ThreadPump*

pPump,

ID3D11ShaderResourceView**

ppShaderResourceView,

HRESULT*

pHResult

);

LoadContent函數(shù)代碼的最后一段完成的功能是采樣器聲明（samplerstate）的創(chuàng)建。為了創(chuàng)建一個(gè)采樣器聲明（samplerstate）的對(duì)象，很容易就可以通過(guò)功能聯(lián)想到函數(shù)名——CreateSamplerState。這個(gè)函數(shù)以采樣器描述作為其一個(gè)參數(shù)。而采樣器描述擁有以下的聲明：

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?typedef

struct

D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC

{

D3D11_FILTER

Filter;

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE

AddressU;

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE

AddressV;

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE

AddressW;

FLOAT

MipLODBias;

UINT

MaxAnisotropy;

D3D11_COMPARISON_FUNC

ComparisonFunc;

FLOAT

BorderColor[4];

FLOAT

MinLOD;

FLOAT

MaxLOD;

}

D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC;

為了渲染我們的幾何紋理，我們必須添加紋理資源以及設(shè)置采樣器描述。這兩項(xiàng)特殊的任務(wù)分別分配給PSSetShaderResources函數(shù)以及PSSetSamplers函數(shù)來(lái)完成，設(shè)置這些數(shù)據(jù)到像素著色器之中。PSSetShaderResources函數(shù)具有以下原型：

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?void

PSSetShaderResources(

UINT

StartSlot,

UINT

NumViews,

ID3D11ShaderResourceView*

const*

ppShaderResourceViews

);

PSSetSamplers函數(shù)也以起始點(diǎn)StartSlot以及采樣數(shù)量NumViews作為其參數(shù)。我們?cè)谥癲emo里面關(guān)于Render的代碼隨著這節(jié)里面對(duì)這兩個(gè)函數(shù)的加入，我們就可以看到更加出色的效果了。目前需要做的就是就修改著色器的渲染效果了。TextureMappingdemo類(lèi)的Render函數(shù)如下代碼段X

代碼段三

TextureDemo

類(lèi)的render函數(shù)的書(shū)寫(xiě)

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?void

TextureDemo::Render(

)

{

if(

d3dContext_

==

0

)

return;

float

clearColor[4]

=

{

0.0f,

0.0f,

0.25f,

1.0f

};

d3dContext_->ClearRenderTargetView(

backBufferTarget_,

clearColor

);

unsigned

int

stride

=

sizeof(

VertexPos

);

unsigned

int

offset

=

0;

d3dContext_->IASetInputLayout(

inputLayout_

);

d3dContext_->IASetVertexBuffers(

0,

1,

&vertexBuffer_,

&stride,

&offset

);

d3dContext_->IASetPrimitiveTopology(

D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_

TRIANGLELIST

);

d3dContext_->VSSetShader(

colorMapVS_,

0,

0

);

d3dContext_->PSSetShader(

colorMapPS_,

0,

0

);

d3dContext_->PSSetShaderResources(

0,

1,

&colorMap_

);

d3dContext_->PSSetSamplers(

0,

1,

&colorMapSampler_

);

d3dContext_->Draw(

6,

0

);

swapChain_->Present(

0,

0

);

}

在著色器之中，如代碼段四，我們擁有兩個(gè)新的全局著色器對(duì)象，分別喚作colorMap_和colorSampler_。其中colorSampler_對(duì)象的類(lèi)型為T(mén)exture2D，它可以用于2D紋理之中，而colorSampler_為HLSL(HighLevelShaderLanguage高級(jí)著色器語(yǔ)言)類(lèi)型的采樣器聲明。

為了將這些對(duì)象綁定到我們?cè)赗ender函數(shù)中提供的著色器當(dāng)中，我們需要使用中HLSL(HighLevelShaderLanguage高級(jí)著色器語(yǔ)言)中的register關(guān)鍵字。綁定第一個(gè)紋理輸出我們采用t0來(lái)表示，其中t代表texture這個(gè)單詞，0代表數(shù)量的索引，即第幾個(gè)。同理，對(duì)于采樣器聲明，s代表samplerstate這個(gè)詞組，0代表第幾個(gè)，則s0就代表第一個(gè)采樣器。因?yàn)槲覀冎挥幸环N紋理和一種采樣器聲明，所以只需t0和s0即可。著色器當(dāng)中的另一個(gè)需要注意的地方是，我們必須更新頂點(diǎn)著色器以及像素著色器的輸入結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)方便地獲取紋理坐標(biāo)。頂點(diǎn)著色器將從頂點(diǎn)緩存中取得紋理坐標(biāo)，然后將其傳遞給像素著色器，以便像素著色器方便地訪問(wèn)這些數(shù)據(jù)。之后，像素著色器會(huì)使用這些紋理坐標(biāo)和紋理對(duì)象來(lái)讀取顏色值。這一步可以調(diào)用HLSLTexture2D對(duì)象的Sample函數(shù)來(lái)完成。最后提一點(diǎn)，由于我們是從一個(gè)2D紋理中讀取數(shù)據(jù)的，則紋理坐標(biāo)需為float2類(lèi)型。

在這里列出著色器的構(gòu)成代碼：

代碼段四

紋理映射demo中著色器的構(gòu)成代碼

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?Texture2D

colorMap_

:

register(

t0

);

SamplerState

colorSampler_

:

register(

s0

);

struct

VS_Input

{

float4

pos

:

POSITION;

float2

tex0

:

TEXCOORD0;

};

struct

PS_Input

{

float4

pos

:

SV_POSITION;

float2

tex0

:

TEXCOORD0;

};

PS_Input

VS_Main(

VS_Input

vertex

)

{

PS_Input

vsOut

=

(

PS_Input

)0;

vsOut.pos

=

vertex.pos;

vsOut.tex0

=

vertex.tex0;

return

vsOut;

}

float4

PS_Main(

PS_Input

frag

)

:

SV_TARGET

{

return

colorMap_.Sample(

colorSampler_,

frag.tex0

);

}

到這一步，核心的代碼都書(shū)寫(xiě)完畢了，為了觀看的方便，淺墨在這里將最重頭的Texture2DDemo.cpp貼出來(lái)（Texture2DDemo.h見(jiàn)代碼段一）：

代碼段五Texture2DDemo.cpp實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?#include"Texture2DDemo.h"

#include<xnamath.h>

struct

VertexPos

//結(jié)構(gòu)體

{

XMFLOAT3

pos;

XMFLOAT2

tex0;

};

TextureDemo::TextureDemo(

)

:

solidColorVS_(

0

),

solidColorPS_(

0

),

//構(gòu)造函數(shù)

inputLayout_(

0

),

vertexBuffer_(

0

),

colorMap_(

0

),

colorMapSampler_(

0

)

{

}

TextureDemo::~TextureDemo(

)

{

}

bool

TextureDemo::LoadContent(

)

{

ID3DBlob*

vsBuffer

=

0;

bool

compileResult

=

CompileD3DShader(

"TextureMap.fx",

"VS_Main",

"vs_4_0",

&vsBuffer

);

if(

compileResult

==

false

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"編譯頂點(diǎn)著色器失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

HRESULT

d3dResult;

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateVertexShader(

vsBuffer->GetBufferPointer(

),

vsBuffer->GetBufferSize(

),

0,

&solidColorVS_

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建頂點(diǎn)著色器失敗!"

);

if(

vsBuffer

)

vsBuffer->Release(

);

return

false;

}

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC

solidColorLayout[]

=

{

{

"POSITION",

0,

DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,

0,

0,

D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,

0

},

{

"TEXCOORD",

0,

DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,

0,

12,

D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,

0

}

};

unsigned

int

totalLayoutElements

=

ARRAYSIZE(

solidColorLayout

);

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateInputLayout(

solidColorLayout,

totalLayoutElements,

vsBuffer->GetBufferPointer(

),

vsBuffer->GetBufferSize(

),

&inputLayout_

);

vsBuffer->Release(

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建輸入布局失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

ID3DBlob*

psBuffer

=

0;

compileResult

=

CompileD3DShader(

"TextureMap.fx",

"PS_Main",

"ps_4_0",

&psBuffer

);

if(

compileResult

==

false

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"像素著色器編譯失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreatePixelShader(

psBuffer->GetBufferPointer(

),

psBuffer->GetBufferSize(

),

0,

&solidColorPS_

);

psBuffer->Release(

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建像素著色器失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

VertexPos

vertices[]

=

{

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

1.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

-1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

0.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

-1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

0.0f,

1.0f

)

},

{

XMFLOAT3(

1.0f,

1.0f,

1.0f

),

XMFLOAT2(

1.0f,

1.0f

)

},

};

D3D11_BUFFER_DESC

vertexDesc;

ZeroMemory(

&vertexDesc,

sizeof(

vertexDesc

)

);

vertexDesc.Usage

=

D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

vertexDesc.BindFlags

=

D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;

vertexDesc.ByteWidth

=

sizeof(

VertexPos

)

*

6;

D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA

resourceData;

ZeroMemory(

&resourceData,

sizeof(

resourceData

)

);

resourceData.pSysMem

=

vertices;

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateBuffer(

&vertexDesc,

&resourceData,

&vertexBuffer_

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建頂點(diǎn)緩存失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

d3dResult

=

D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(

d3dDevice_,

"decal.dds",

0,

0,

&colorMap_,

0

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"讀取紋理圖像失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC

colorMapDesc;

ZeroMemory(

&colorMapDesc,

sizeof(

colorMapDesc

)

);

colorMapDesc.AddressU

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.AddressV

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.AddressW

=

D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;

colorMapDesc.ComparisonFunc

=

D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;

colorMapDesc.Filter

=

D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;

colorMapDesc.MaxLOD

=

D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX;

d3dResult

=

d3dDevice_->CreateSamplerState(

&colorMapDesc,

&colorMapSampler_

);

if(

FAILED(

d3dResult

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建顏色映射采樣器聲明失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

return

true;

}

void

TextureDemo::UnloadContent(

)

//UnloadContent函數(shù)的書(shū)寫(xiě)

{

if(

colorMapSampler_

)

colorMapSampler_->Release(

);

if(

colorMap_

)

colorMap_->Release(

);

if(

solidColorVS_

)

solidColorVS_->Release(

);

if(

solidColorPS_

)

solidColorPS_->Release(

);

if(

inputLayout_

)

inputLayout_->Release(

);

if(

vertexBuffer_

)

vertexBuffer_->Release(

);

colorMapSampler_

=

0;

colorMap_

=

0;

solidColorVS_

=

0;

solidColorPS_

=

0;

inputLayout_

=

0;

vertexBuffer_

=

0;

}

void

TextureDemo::Update(

float

dt

)

{

//

無(wú)需進(jìn)行更新

}

void

TextureDemo::Render(

)

//Render函數(shù)的書(shū)寫(xiě)

{

if(

d3dContext_

==

0

)

return;

float

clearColor[4]

=

{

0.0f,

0.0f,

0.25f,

1.0f

};

d3dContext_->ClearRenderTargetView(

backBufferTarget_,

clearColor

);

unsigned

int

stride

=

sizeof(

VertexPos

);

unsigned

int

offset

=

0;

d3dContext_->IASetInputLayout(

inputLayout_

);

d3dContext_->IASetVertexBuffers(

0,

1,

&vertexBuffer_,

&stride,

&offset

);

d3dContext_->IASetPrimitiveTopology(

D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST

);

d3dContext_->VSSetShader(

solidColorVS_,

0,

0

);

d3dContext_->PSSetShader(

solidColorPS_,

0,

0

);

d3dContext_->PSSetShaderResources(

0,

1,

&colorMap_

);

d3dContext_->PSSetSamplers(

0,

1,

&colorMapSampler_

);

d3dContext_->Draw(

6,

0

);

swapChain_->Present(

0,

0

);

}

下面依舊是像前面的幾節(jié)中的demo一樣，對(duì)Dx11DemoBase類(lèi)進(jìn)行修改，其修改后的代碼也在這里列出來(lái)：

代碼段六Dx11DemoBase.h實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?#ifndef

_DEMO_BASE_H_

#define

_DEMO_BASE_H_

#include<d3d11.h>

#include<d3dx11.h>

#include<DxErr.h>

class

Dx11DemoBase

{

public:

Dx11DemoBase();

virtual

~Dx11DemoBase();

bool

Initialize(

HINSTANCE

hInstance,

HWND

hwnd

);

void

Shutdown(

);

bool

CompileD3DShader(

char*

filePath,

char*

entry,

char*

shaderModel,

ID3DBlob**

buffer

);

virtual

bool

LoadContent(

);

virtual

void

UnloadContent(

);

virtual

void

Update(

float

dt

)

=

0;

virtual

void

Render(

)

=

0;

protected:

HINSTANCE

hInstance_;

HWND

hwnd_;

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE

driverType_;

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL

featureLevel_;

ID3D11Device*

d3dDevice_;

ID3D11DeviceContext*

d3dContext_;

IDXGISwapChain*

swapChain_;

ID3D11RenderTargetView*

backBufferTarget_;

};

#endif

代碼段七Dx11DemoBase.cpp實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?#include"Dx11DemoBase.h"

#include<D3Dcompiler.h>

Dx11DemoBase::Dx11DemoBase(

)

:

driverType_(

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL

),

featureLevel_(

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0

),

d3dDevice_(

0

),

d3dContext_(

0

),

swapChain_(

0

),

backBufferTarget_(

0

)

{

}

Dx11DemoBase::~Dx11DemoBase(

)

{

Shutdown(

);

}

bool

Dx11DemoBase::Initialize(

HINSTANCE

hInstance,

HWND

hwnd

)

{

hInstance_

=

hInstance;

hwnd_

=

hwnd;

RECT

dimensions;

GetClientRect(

hwnd,

&dimensions

);

unsigned

int

width

=

dimensions.right

-

dimensions.left;

unsigned

int

height

=

dimensions.bottom

-

dimensions.top;

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE

driverTypes[]

=

{

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_SOFTWARE

};

unsigned

int

totalDriverTypes

=

ARRAYSIZE(

driverTypes

);

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL

featureLevels[]

=

{

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0

};

unsigned

int

totalFeatureLevels

=

ARRAYSIZE(

featureLevels

);

DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC

swapChainDesc;

ZeroMemory(

&swapChainDesc,

sizeof(

swapChainDesc

)

);

swapChainDesc.BufferCount

=

1;

swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width

=

width;

swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height

=

height;

swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format

=

DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;

swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator

=

60;

swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator

=

1;

swapChainDesc.BufferUsage

=

DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;

swapChainDesc.OutputWindow

=

hwnd;

swapChainDesc.Windowed

=

true;

swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count

=

1;

swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality

=

0;

unsigned

int

creationFlags

=

0;

#ifdef

_DEBUG

creationFlags

|=

D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;

#endif

HRESULT

result;

unsigned

int

driver

=

0;

for(

driver

=

0;

driver

<

totalDriverTypes;

++driver

)

{

result

=

D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(

0,

driverTypes[driver],

0,

creationFlags,

featureLevels,

totalFeatureLevels,

D3D11_SDK_VERSION,

&swapChainDesc,

&swapChain_,

&d3dDevice_,

&featureLevel_,

&d3dContext_

);

if(

SUCCEEDED(

result

)

)

{

driverType_

=

driverTypes[driver];

break;

}

}

if(

FAILED(

result

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建

Direct3D

設(shè)備失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

ID3D11Texture2D*

backBufferTexture;

result

=

swapChain_->GetBuffer(

0,

__uuidof(

ID3D11Texture2D

),

(

LPVOID*

)&backBufferTexture

);

if(

FAILED(

result

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"獲取交換鏈后臺(tái)緩存失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

result

=

d3dDevice_->CreateRenderTargetView(

backBufferTexture,

0,

&backBufferTarget_

);

if(

backBufferTexture

)

backBufferTexture->Release(

);

if(

FAILED(

result

)

)

{

DXTRACE_MSG(

"創(chuàng)建渲染目標(biāo)視圖失敗!"

);

return

false;

}

d3dContext_->OMSetRenderTargets(

1,

&backBufferTarget_,

0

);

D3D11_VIEWPORT

viewport;

viewport.Width

=

static_cast<float>(width);

viewport.Height

=

static_cast<float>(height);

viewport.MinDepth

=

0.0f;

viewport.MaxDepth

=

1.0f;

viewport.TopLeftX

=

0.0f;

viewport.TopLeftY

=

0.0f;

d3dContext_->RSSetViewports(

1,

&viewport

);

return

LoadContent(

);

}

bool

Dx11DemoBase::CompileD3DShader(

char*

filePath,

char*

entry,

char*

shaderModel,

ID3DBlob**

buffer

)

{

DWORD

shaderFlags

=

D3DCOMPILE_ENABLE_STRICTNESS;

#if

defined(

DEBUG

)

||

defined(

_DEBUG

)

shaderFlags

|=

D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG;

#endif

ID3DBlob*

errorBuffer

=

0;

HRESULT

result;

result

=

D3DX11CompileFromFile(

filePath,

0,

0,

entry,

shaderModel,

shaderFlags,

0,

0,

buffer,

&errorBuffer,

0

);

if(

FAILED(

result

)

)

{

if(

errorBuffer

!=

0

)

{

OutputDebugStringA(

(

char*

)errorBuffer->GetBufferPointer(

)

);

errorBuffer->Release(

);

}

return

false;

}

if(

errorBuffer

!=

0

)

errorBuffer->Release(

);

return

true;

}

bool

Dx11DemoBase::LoadContent(

)

{

//重載，進(jìn)行相關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)

return

true;

}

void

Dx11DemoBase::UnloadContent(

)

{

//重載，進(jìn)行相關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)

}

void

Dx11DemoBase::Shutdown(

)

{

UnloadContent(

);

if(

backBufferTarget_

)

backBufferTarget_->Release(

);

if(

swapChain_

)

swapChain_->Release(

);

if(

d3dContext_

)

d3dContext_->Release(

);

if(

d3dDevice_

)

d3dDevice_->Release(

);

backBufferTarget_

=

0;

swapChain_

=

0;

d3dContext_

=

0;

d3dDevice_

=

0;

}

最后的壓軸依舊是永遠(yuǎn)最重要的main函數(shù)，其實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下代碼段八：

代碼段八

main.cpp實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

[cpp]

\o"viewplain"viewplain\o"copy"copy\o"print"print\o"?"?#include<Windows.h>

#include<memory>

#include"Texture2DDemo.h"

LRESULT

CALLBACK

WndProc(

HWND

hwnd,

UINT

message,

WPARAM

wParam,

LPARAM

lParam

);

//****wWinMain函數(shù)，程序入口點(diǎn)函數(shù)**************************************

int

WINAPI

wWinMain(

HINSTANCE

hInstance,

HINSTANCE

prevInstance,

LPWSTR

cmdLine,

int

cmdShow

)

{

UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(

prevInstance

);

UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(

cmdLine

);

WNDCLASSEX

wndClass

=

{

0

};

wndClass.cbSize

=

sizeof(

WNDCLASSEX

)

;

wndClass.style

=

CS_HREDRAW

|

CS_VREDRAW;

wndClass.lpfnWndProc

=

WndProc;

wndClass.hInstance

=

hInstance;

wndClass.hCursor

=

LoadCursor(