聚苯胺超級(jí)電容器性能

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超級(jí)電容器

30Y.Yanetal./ElectrochimicaActa71(2023)27–32

Fig.4.Galvanostaticcharge-dischargecurvesof(a)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-1,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2,and(c)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3atacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V.

increasingconcentrationofKMnO4aqueoussolution,morecarbonsiteswereoxidizedandahighportionofMnO2waslledintheporesofCMK-3.Therefore,thoughthePANIcontentisthesameinbothternarycomposites,bulkber-shapedPANIparticlesarefoundinPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3composite.

3.2.Electrochemicalproperties

Toinvestigatetheelectrochemicalperformanceoftheresultingternarycompositesaselectrodesforsupercapacitors,thegalvanos-taticcharge-dischargecurvesweremeasuredatacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V(Fig.4).Thespeciccapacitance(SC)ofelectrodematerialwascalculatedaccordingtothefollowingequation:

C2(It)=

where1Cisspeciccapacitance(Fg),Iisthecharge–dischargecurrent(A),tisthedischargetime(s),misthemassofactivemate-rial(g)withinoneelectrodeandVistheworkingvoltage(V).ThecalculatedSCis652,695and473Fg1forPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-1,PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3,respectively.Apparently,withtheincreasingofMnO2content,theSCoftheternarycompositesisenhancedasaresultoftheeffectiveelec-trochemicalutilizationofMnO2;whereasitstartstodecreasewithanexcessincreaseintheMnO2content(e.g.21%)duetothelowutilizationoftheactivematerialcausedbythepresenceofmassbulkPANIparticlesinPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3composite.

TofurtherconrmtheadvantageoftheternarycompositeintheeffectiveelectrochemicalutilizationofMnO2,charge-dischargecurvesofpurePANI,PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3wereshowninFig.5a.ItisobviousthatbulkPANIexhibitsthepoorestelectrodeperformanceandtheSCisonly254Fg1duetothebulkparticlesleadingtothelowsurfacearea.ForPANI/CMK-3composite,thenanolayerofPANIcoatedontheCMK-3facili-tatestheutilizationofthePANIandtheSCofbinarycompositecanreach587Fg1.AsforPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2composite,itpossessesthehighestSCof695Fg1.TheenhancedSCmayduetothenanoparticlesofMnO2incorporatedintoCMK-3andthestabilizedinteractionbetweenCMK-3andPANI.Fig.5bshowstheCVcurvesofpurePANI,PANI/CMK-3andPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2at10mVs1.Asforbinaryandternarycomposites,therearetwocouplesofredoxpeaksinCVcurves,attributedtothe

redox

Fig.5.(A)Galvanostaticcharge-dischargecurvesof(a)PANI,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2and(c)PANI/CMK-3atacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V;(B)Thecyclicvoltammetrycurvesof(a)PANI,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2and(c)PANI/CMK-3at10mVs1.

transitionofPANIbetweenasemiconducingstate(leucoemeral-dineform)andaconductingstate(polaronicemeraldineform)andtheemeraldine-pernigraniline[30],whichresultsintheredoxcapacitance.TheuniformdispersionofPANInanolayeronCMK-3reducesthediffusionandmigrationlengthoftheelec-trolyteionsduringthefastcharge/dischargeprocessandincreasestheelectrochemicalutilizationofPANI[31].AndwhenMnO2nanoparticleswereincorporated,thelargercurrentresponseofternarycompositeelectrodeindicateshigherspeciccapacitancethanbinarycomposite,whichisinconsistentwiththeresultofCDcurves.Therefore,PANIcoatedontheCMK-3/MnO2particlescanrestraintheMnO2nanoparticlesfromreductive-dissolutionprocessandenhancestheirelectrochemicalutilizationinacidicmedium(1MH2SO4),andPANIitselfalsoprovidesanadditionalelectrochemicalactivitytotheternarycomposites[15].

ThecalculatedspeciccapacitancesofPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3compositesatdifferentcurrentdensitiesaresum-marizedinFig.6.Thespeciccapacitanceforbothcompositeelectrodesdecreaseswiththeincreaseofcharge/dischargecur-rentdensity.However,thecapacitanceofPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2isalwaysmuchhigherthanthatofPANI/CMK-3,indicatingthatthedissolutionofMnO2nanoparticlesinacidicelectrolyteisrestrainedbytheprotectivecoatingofPANI,thusMnO2cancontributetohigh

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32Y.Yanetal./ElectrochimicaActa71(2023)27–32

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