本科畢業(yè)論文On the Translation of Public Signs in Scenic Spots from the Perspective of S

OntheTranslationofPublicSignsinScenicSpotsfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheoryAbstract:Withtheprogressofsociety,ChineseculturesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularwithinternationalfriendsandInternationalexchangesarealsobecomingmorefrequent.Therefore,moreattentionhasbeenpaidtothedevelopmentofpublicsigns.Itisveryimportantforusbecausethepublicsignsareeverywhere,andtheyservetoinformpeopleandindicatepeople’sbehaviorintourism.Ithasfourapplicationfunctions.Forexample,indicative,Suggestive,restrictiveandMandatory.However,thesituationofpublicsignsisnotasoptimisticasexpectedinChina.Therearealsoexistalotofproblemssuchasincorrectgrammar,spellingmistakeandviolationofcommonexpressions,andmoreimportantly,ithasseriouslyaffectedtheinternationalimageofourcountry.So,thisarticleisbasedontheprinciplesoftranslation,analyzesthetypesoferrorsinpublicsignsandfindthepracticalmethodstosolvetheproblemsabouttranslationofpublicsigns.ItistellingthatwemusttreattranslationsstrictlyinaccordancewiththespecificrequirementsoftheChinese-Englishtranslation,translatingaccuratelyandhighlightingthecultureofourcountry,sothatforeignvisitorscantrulyfeelthecharmofChinaandembodyChinesecivilization.Keywords:publicsignsinScenicSpots;SkoposTheory;translationstrategies從目的論角度談旅游公示語(yǔ)翻譯摘要:隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，中國(guó)和中國(guó)文化越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際友人的歡迎。國(guó)際交流也越來(lái)越頻繁。因此，景點(diǎn)公示語(yǔ)的翻譯也越來(lái)越被人們所重視。因?yàn)楣菊Z(yǔ)我們走到哪里都可以看到，它在旅游扮演很重要的角色，起著向人們傳遞信息和指示人們行為的作用，公示語(yǔ)具有指示性、提示性、限制性、強(qiáng)制性四種應(yīng)用功能。因而公式語(yǔ)的翻譯是非常重要的。然而，我國(guó)目前的公示語(yǔ)現(xiàn)狀并不如所期待的那樣樂(lè)觀，有很多語(yǔ)法欠亨、拼寫繆誤、違反習(xí)慣說(shuō)法等問(wèn)題存在，嚴(yán)重影響了我國(guó)的國(guó)際形象。本文將從應(yīng)遵循的翻譯原則出發(fā)，按照公示語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤類型進(jìn)行剖析。從翻譯目的論的角度尋求真正可行的辦法和策略來(lái)解決公示語(yǔ)翻譯中的問(wèn)題。啟示我們對(duì)待翻譯一定要嚴(yán)格遵循漢英翻譯的特點(diǎn)要求，進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的翻譯，彰顯我國(guó)的文化，可以真正讓外來(lái)游客感受到中國(guó)的魅力，體現(xiàn)中國(guó)的文明。關(guān)鍵詞：景區(qū)公示語(yǔ);目的論;翻譯策略ContentTOC\o"1-3"\h\uAbstractinEnglish IAbstractinChinese II204141.Introduction 1123852.IntroductionofPublicSigns 3251942.1Theconceptofpublicsigns 3116222.2Thedevelopmentofpublicsigns 3210802.3AnalyzetheTypesandFunctionsofPublicSigns 456952.3.1SuggestivePublicSigns 494742.3.2IndicativePublicSigns 5207982.3.3RestrictedPublicSign 5192462.3.4MandatoryPublicSign 522773.AnalysisofCommonMistakesinTranslationofPublicSignsinScenicSpots 758533.1Misnomer 7313773.2IgnoretheCulturalDifferencesbetweenEastandWest 8158233.3ConfusionbetweenFunctionalEquivalenceandFidelity 990753.4TheTranslatorisnotSerious 9136014.Translation

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spot 1015904.1Transliteration 11222184.2FreeTranslation 12222834.3BorrowingTranslation 1320444.4SimplifybyCuttingouttheSuperfluous 1322975.Conclusion 154035Bibliography 1620115Acknowledgement 171.IntroductionWiththeprogressofsociety,moreandmorepeoplewanttoknowmoreaboutChina,andalotofforeignfriendscometoChinatostudyortravel.ThetranslationofpublicsignsinScenicSpotsarebecomingincreasinglyimportant.Publicsignsrefertothecharactersdisplayedinpublicplaces,whichhavespecialcommunicativefunctions,aswellasthefunctionsofprovidinginformationandcompletinginstructions.Publicsignsareanimportantreflectionofacountry'sculturelevelandculturalenvironment,andtheyareimportantWindowsfortourismpublicity.Therefore,anyinaccuratetranslationofpublicsignsmayaffecttourists'interest,feeling,andthechoiceoftouristroutes.Therefore,inaccuratetranslationnotonlyaffectthedevelopmentofChina'stourismindustrybutalsobringmanyproblemstoforeigntourists.Therefore,itisveryimportantforustoexploretheerroroftranslationofpublicsignsintourismandtakeeffectivemeasurestosolvetheseproblem.PublicsignsinScenicSpotsincludescenicspotname,scenicspotintroductionandscenicspotlogo.Theseisaboutintroductoryanddescriptiveinformation.Manyscholarshaveconductedin-depthstudiesanddiscussionsonhowtoproperlytranslate.publicsignsoftouristattractions,andobtainedverybeneficialresultssuchastranslationstandardsandtranslationprinciplesoftouristattractions.InChina,asearlyas2006,LuoXuanminproposedthatpublicsigntranslationisaserioussubject.Itisanurgentandimportanttaskforustostrengthentheresearchonthetranslationofpublicsignsandtakeeffectivemeasurestocontrolthelanguageenvironmentandimprovethequalityofthetranslationofpublicsigns(LuoandLi66).However,becauseof“tourismtranslation’sparticularity,diversityandcomplexity,isstillunfamiliartousastranslators”(Huang187).In1998,NiChuanbinandLiuzhialsopublishedanarticleontheprinciplesofmarkerlanguagetranslationinShanghaiscienceandtechnologytranslation.Sincethen,moreandmorescholarsbegantopayattentiontoandparticipateinthefieldofresearch.ThetheoryoffunctionaltranslationinGermanyemergedinthe1970sItfocusesontextfunction,translationbehavioranditspurpose,andtranslationstrategies.Amongthem,skopostheory,whichisproposedbyFermiandtakestextpurposeasthefirstcriterionoftranslationprocess,isthemaintheoryoffunctionalism.Itisemphasizedthatthetranslationshouldchoosethebestmethodbasedontheanalysisoftheoriginaltextforthepurposeoftheexpectedfunctionofthetranslation.

Germanfunctionalisttranslationtheoryemergedinthe1970sItfocusesontextfunction,translationbehavioranditspurpose,andtranslationstrategies.Amongthem,skopostheory,whichisproposedbyFermiandtakestextpurposeasthefirstcriterionoftranslationprocess,itisthemajortheoryoffunctionalismandemphasizedthatthetranslationshouldchoosethebestmethodbasedontheanalysisoftheoriginaltextforthepurposeoftheexpectedfunctionofthetranslation.ScenicspotsignsChinese-Englishtranslationexpressagoodinternationallanguageenvironment,thehumanitiesenvironmenttheexternalpublicityandshowourcountries’culturepower.Thepreviousresultsprovidesatheoreticalbasisformystudy.Ichoosetostudythepubictranslationbecausestillthereistranslationerrorsinthescenicspot.Nowtourismdevelopmentisveryrapid,wecanseealotofforeignfriendstoourcountry.Itnotonlyrepresenttheindividual,butalsoonbehalfofaregion,demonstrateditspowerinChinaasawhole.Ourstudytofindoutthereasonfortheerrortoavoidandcorrect,atthesametime,wemustfindoutabettertranslationmethod.ourfuturelifedevelopmentorerapid,tourismwillbebetter.wemustestablishmentofforeignexchangeshub,theestablishmentofbetterinterpersonalrelationsandmorehighlighttheculturalstrengthofourcountry.Therefore,mypassagewillchapterofthispaperwillstartwiththeimportanceofpublicsignsandintroducetheknowledge,definition,classificationandfunctionalcharacteristicsofpublicsigns,aswellasthepurpose.Chaptertwofocusesonthetypesofformulaicexpressions.Thethirdchaptersummarizesthemaintranslationproblems.Chapterfourwilldiscusstranslation

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spot.2.IntroductionofPublicSignsMoststudentscometochina,thepublicsignsisimmenselyimportantforus,itcanleadthetouristandhelpthemfindtherightways,Publicsignsarewordsandgraphicsthatareopentothepublic,notices,instructions,hints,displays,warningsandsignsrelatedtolife,production,ecology,lifeandleisure.Publicsignsoftouristattractionsmainlyrefertothewrittenandgraphicinformationsuchasnotices,instructions,hints,warningsandsignsoftouristattractions,whicharerelatedtoallaspectsofdailylifesuchasfood,accommodation,travel,tourism,entertainmentandshopping.(WangandLu13)Intouristattractions,touristsaremostconcentrated.Comparedwithtourismbrochures,mapsandleaflets,publicsignsaremoreeye-catchingandplayamoredirectroleininformationinstruction.2.1TheconceptofpublicsignsSigns:referstothewrittenandgraphicinformationthatisrelatedtothelife,production,life,ecologyandlife,whichispubliclyandinfrontofthepublic.Publicsignsarenotmerelyalinguisticphenomenon,butalsoaculturalimage.Althoughsomepublicsignsareverysimilarinternationally,therearestillsomedifferencesamongpublicsignsindifferentcountries.Hence,totranslatepublicsignswell,wemustfirstunderstandthelanguagehabitsandculturaldifferencesofpublicsignsinthiscountry.2.2ThedevelopmentofpublicsignsSincethebeginningoftheworld,thecommunicationbetweendifferentculturesandnationshasmadepublicsignsnecessaryandrealistic.Thehistoryofsignscanbetracedbacktothetimewhensignsandsymbolswerefirstdrawnincaveswherehumanslivedtoconveyinformation.AlthoughChinahas5000yearshistoryofcivilization,theflowofpeopleThescaleofdynamicandeconomicexchangeslongbythefeudalsociety.Thelimiteduseofpublicsignsismoremainlyfortherulingclassservices.Whenthe19thcenturysomealongcitiesgraduallyformedascale,regional,evenAsianEconomiccenter.publicsignsbegantomarkclearlyonthestreets,Vehicles,publicfacilitiesetcEnglishsigncomesfromtheoldLatin"signum"meaningtomarkoridentify.Graphicsignsandtextsignscameintobeingwiththedevelopmentofindustrialsociety.ThefirstworldwarpromptedEuropeancountriestosetuproadjunctionsalongstrategicroutes.Thepassmarkin1909theworld'sfirstsetofroadtrafficsignswasawardedtonineEuropeangovernmentsapproval.Afterthesecondworldwar,astourismandleisurebecomefashionable,.Thegraphiclogoandtextsignsalsoappearinhotels,restaurantsandrestaurantsthePlacesofinterestwiththestepsoftourists.MarySnellHornby,distinguishedcontemporarytranslationtheorist,(40)madeanempiricalresearchonthetranslationofpublicsignsinmanycountriesusingEnglishandGermanasthemothertongue.Today,graphicsignsandtextsignshavebecomeinternationalpublicandtourisminformationservices,culturalexchanges,regionaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentofimportantcomponentsoftheservicecountryandoverseasvisitors.2.3AnalysistheTypesandFunctionsofPublicSignsPublicsignsinvolvethewrittenlanguageorICONSsetupinpublicplacesforthepublictosee.Publicsignsoftouristattractionsrefertoallthesigns,guidepost,scenicspotsmaps,scenicspotsnamesandcontentintroductionsignsprintedorengravedonstoneslabs,woodenboardsorplasticboards.Itisanimportantmeansandchannelforthetouristattractionmanagementorganizationtocommunicatewithtourists.Everysignhasitsownpurposeandintention.Someareusedtodirecttheway,sometoreleasecrucialinformation,sometoadvertise,sometoremindothers.Thefunctionofeachposterisalsodifferent..Theindicatorlanguageisindicative,suggestive,restrictiveandmandatory.Thesefourfunctionsmeeteveryaspectofdailylife,butalsoaffectthelifeofeverydrop.2.3.1SuggestivePublicSignsSuggestivePublicSigns:ithasnorestrictiveandmandatorymeaning,anditsfunctionistoindicatethecontentoftheservice.Suggestivepublicsignsarenotstrictlybinding.Suchpublicsignsmainlyprovideservicesandconsumptioninformation,indicateandguidethecategoriesandregionsofconsumerconsumption,andserveasremindersforawiderangeofpurposes.ItJustremindtheroleandtoguideandstandardizeonthepublicbehavior,suchas,如請(qǐng)保管好自己的物品（TakeCareofYourBelongings），小心輕放（HandleWithCare）.2.3.2IndicativePublicSignsIndicativepublicsignsshouldreflectthoughtfulinformationservices,suchasindicatingtheroad,location,location,direction,time,etc.,suchasintensivecareunit(ICU)ofahospital.EXITinthecorridorhasnorestrictionorcoercion,andpeoplecantakewhattheyneedaccordingtotheactualsituation.Indicativepublicityprovidesastaticinformationservicewithoutanyrestrictionorenforcement.“Entrance”“入口”,“Open”“營(yíng)業(yè)中”“Theseatsarereservedfortheneeded.”“老、幼、病、殘、孕專座”等。2.3.3RestrictedPublicSignArestrictedpublicsignisarestrictiononthebehaviorofthepublic.Itmeansthatcertainthingscannotbedone,suchas非機(jī)動(dòng)車禁止入內(nèi)（MotorVehiclesOnly）Restrictivepublicsigns,putforwardrestrictionsandrequirementsonrelevantpublicbehaviors.Suchas“TicketOnly”“憑票入場(chǎng)”“Childrenunder12”“十二歲以下兒童免費(fèi)”Differentfromthefirsttwotypes,restrictivepublicsignsaredynamicinformationremindersthatimposerestrictionsandrestrictionsonthebehaviorofthepublicconcerned.Thelanguageisstraightforward,butitdoesnotleavearudeandunreasonableimpression.2.3.4MandatoryPublicSignMandatorypublicsignsoftenuseimperativesentences.Inthiscontext,peoplehavenowaytochoose,mustabidetheserequirements.MandatoryPublicSignrequiretheinterrelatedpublictotakeornottotakeanyaction,languageapplicationisstraightforward,strong,non-negotiable.Mandatorypublicsignsarealsodynamicindicatorsthatrequiretherelevantpublictoadoptornottoadoptanymeasures.Thetoneisthestrongest,thelanguageisexplicit,mandatoryandunchangeable.Forexample,請(qǐng)勿靠近“KeepOut”“Handsoff/Don’tTouch”“請(qǐng)勿觸摸”，“NoSmoking”“請(qǐng)勿吸煙”，“NoPet”“禁止寵物入內(nèi)”Ifthebreachmayhaveseriousconsequencesorsomeaccountability.3.AnalysisofCommonMistakesinTranslationofPublicSignsinScenicSpotsPublicsignsarethemostfamiliarpracticallanguageinpeople'slife.Theyareaspecialstyleofwritingthatisopenandopentothepublictoachievecertaincommunicativepurposes.Publicsignsareavitalpartofthelanguageenvironmentandculturalenvironmentofinternationaltourist.ChineseispartoftheSino-Tibetanlanguagegroup,howeverEnglishistheIndo-Europeanfamily.Chineseisarepresentativeanalyticlanguage,whileEnglishisasyntheticlanguagemarkedwithinflexions.Linguistictranslationproblemsareoftenduetodeficienciesinthetranslator’ssourceortargetlanguagecompetence(Nord135).Duetotheimportanceofpublicsignsinthelivesofthepublicandtourists,anyambiguity,misunderstandingandabuseofpublicsignswillleadtoadverseconsequences.Theinaccuracytranslationwillaffecttheimageofacityandaregionandforeigncommunication,andalsobringalotofinconveniencetoforeigntourists.(Wang42)Therefore,itistheresponsibilityoftranslators,aswellasallforeignlanguageworkers,topurifytheurbanlanguageenvironmentandcreateanopenspacetopromotetheexchangeofcivilizations.Manyproblemsaboutthetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspots.suchas,misnomer,ignorethedifferentculturesandconfusionthefunctionalequivalenceandfidelityandtranslatorisnotserious.Spellingerrorsarethemostcommonirregularitiesinpublicsigns.(ZhongandLiu12)3.1MisnomerEnglishandChineselanguagesarewonderful.Sometimes,asingleChinesecharacterhasmultiplecorrespondingEnglishwords,andalso,awordofEnglishcanalsouseavarietyofChinesemeaning.Butthesubtledifferencesbetweenthemmayresultingreatdifferences.Ifthetranslatornotpayattentiontoabitmisnomer,itwillcannotaccuratelyexpresstheoriginalmeaning.Themosttypicalexampleisthetranslationof"男/女廁所"into"Male'Toilet"and"Female'Toilet".InEnglish,thewordsMaleandFemaledenotethesexualattributesoflivingplantsandanimals.Forthetranslationof男/女廁所,itissuggestedtotranslateintoMen'sRoom,Women'sRoomorLadies'Room,andthenaddthegraphiclogoofMenandWomen.Insomescenicareas,When“撞頭”itcanbetranslated“attentionyourhead”here,wewanttoexpressthe“becareful”but,weuse“attention”itnotright.Therightis“mindyourhead”“出口”itcanbetranslated“export”so,itbecomesanothermeaning.“歡迎光臨”itcanbetranslated“welcomeyouagain”.Thistranslationdon’tletthetouristsfeeltheenthusiasm.Itjustweird.Therefore,themisnomerwillmisleadtourists.Wemustchoosethemostappropriatewordtotranslate.3.2IgnoretheCulturalDifferencesbetweenEastandWestThedifferenceandlackofeasternandwesternculturesareoftenthedifficultiesintranslation,andthereader'scultureshouldbegivenpriorityintranslation.Theadaptiveselectioninculturaldimensionrequirestranslatorsbeconsciousofcultureintheprocessoftranslation,andrealizingthattranslationispracticedinacross-culturalenvironment.Forthepurposeofinterchanginginformation,translatorsshouldalsobereadytosolvetheseculturaldifferences.(Hu137)Adaptiveselectionandconversionofculturaldimension.Intheopinionof(Hu40)Adaptiveselectionandconversionofculturaldimension:Intheopinionof(Hu80),theadaptiveselectionandconversionofculturaldimensionmeansthatasacross-culturalandcross-languagecommunicationprocess,translationmustovercometheobstaclescausedbyculturaldifferencesinordertoensuresmoothcommunication.Thisrequiresthattranslatorhastohaveculturalawarenessandfocusonthetransferandinterpretationoftheculturalconnotationsintheprocessofbilingualcommunication.DuetothedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultureandtherearesignsChinese-Englishphenomenon,thewordchoiceappropriateandvoiceisnotclearenough,tosolvetheseproblems,realascensionandtheeffectivenessofthesigns,mustrespectthereaders'culturalhabits,grasptheChinese-Englishculturaldifferences,graspthemeaningofthesigns,makesureclearsemantics,publiclanguagecharacteristicsasthebasis,theselectionofappropriatewords.OnlyinthiswaycantheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandthewestontheeffectivenessofpublicsignstranslationbeminimizedandthedifficultiesintheprocessofpublicsignstranslationbereduced.

3.3ConfusionbetweenFunctionalEquivalenceandFidelityThetheoryoffunctionalequivalencewasproposedbyAmericanEugeneNida.Theso-called"functionalequivalence"meansthatthetranslationshouldachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguagesinsteadoftherigidcorrespondenceonthesurfaceofthetext.Forexample,"小心滑跌",ifthepublicsign"Don’tfalldown".Ithasacommandingtoneandcannotachievethecommunicativefunctionreflectinginterpersonalconcern.ThecorrectEnglishusageis"Watchyourstep"or"Slippery",whichcanachievethefunctionalequivalenceofthetranslationinamoreconciseandstandardizedway.Inrecentyears,foreigntouristshavecometoChinatoexperiencetheuniqueculturalflavorofChinaduringtheirvisits.Forexample,"dragon"isatotemworshippedbytheHanpeopleandasymbolofimperialpower.Theemperorisalsoknownastherealdragonandthesonofheaven.ThewesterndragonisthedevilandSataninthebible,asymbolofevilandviolence.Therefore,whentranslatingthescenicspotsrelatedto"dragon",translatorsmustlinkitwithpeople'sgoodwishes,otherwisetheyareafraidthatforeigntouristswillbereluctanttogonearthescenicspots.3.4TheTranslatorisnotSeriousThetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspotneedthetranslatoriscareful.Itisveryimportantforus.Insomescenicarea,forexample,"請(qǐng)勿吸煙"istranslatedinto"Nosmoking",smokingshouldbechangedtoSmoking.“吸煙區(qū)”istranslatedinto“Smokingarea”.Atthesametime,therearemanylanguagemistakesinthetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspots,suchasspellingmistakes,capitalizationerrors,punctuationproblems,singularandpluralerrors,misnomers,andomissionsinadditiontowords.Forexample,BearMountainatthezoowasmistranslatedintoBeerMountain,"清朝"istranslatedas"Qingdynasty".Thecorrecttranslationshouldbe"QingDynasty".whichwasamisnomerandleftabadimpressiononChineseandforeigntourists.Thewrongcaseofpublicsignsiscausedbythetranslator'sirresponsibleworkingattitude.Infact,suchmistakescanbecompletelyavoidedaslongasthetranslatoriscareful.4.Translation

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spotPublicsignsareopentothepublic,andthepurposeoftranslationistoconveyinformationtoreadersaccurately.Therearedifferentkindsoferrorsinthetourismsignsowingtomanyfactors.Thedefinitionoftranslationerrorinfunctionalapproachisthatifthepurposeoftranslationistoachievethespecialfeaturesfortheexpectedreaders,thenanymistakesthathindertheachievementofthepurposeoftranslationisatranslationerror.(Nord,77).Skopostheorycanbeadoptedtotranslatepublicsigns,andcorrespondingstrategiesandmethodscanbeadopted.Threewaysfortranslationofpublicsigns,suchasadapt,borrowandcreatenewways.(Ding6)Translationshouldknowtheculturaldifferences,whoemphasizesthattranslatorsshouldconsidertargetreaders’culturehabit.(He3)TheleveloftranslationofpublicsignsintoEnglishasasymbolofcivilizationdirectlyreflectsthelevelofinternationalizationofacountry.However,atpresent,thetranslationofpublicsignsinChinaisnotsatisfactory.Misstranslationandomissioncanbeseeneverywhere,whichseriouslyaffectsChina'sinternationalimage.Inthiscase,itisveryimportanttofindpracticalwaystosolvetheproblemsinthetranslationofpublicsigns.Publiclanguagetranslationisareflectionofacountry'sforeignexchangelevel,thelevelofitsfitandunfitqualitydirectlyreflectsacity,anation'sculturalquality,itisaveryimportanttask,involvedinallaspects,needatranslatorandtheattentionofthewholesociety,needtranslatortoconstantlystrivetoimprovetheirlanguagetraining,culturalquality,asmuchasyoucanunderstandtheEnglishnationalculturaltraditionandbehavior.Atthesametimeintheprocessoftranslationtocarefullychooseeveryword,takeeverysentenceseriously,cannotfollowone'sinclining.Ontheotherhand,duetothedifferencesinculturalbackgrounds,waysofthinkingandexpressionhabits,manythingsindifferentculturesareconventional,whichisatranslationprinciplethatcannotbeignored.Allthemore,translatorsarerequiredtopaymoreattentiontoaccumulation,possesssufficientknowledgeoftranslationtheoriesandrichpracticalexperience,guidetheirpracticewiththeories,earnestlystudythefunctionalmeaningandlinguisticstyleofEnglishpublicsigns,andapplyeffectivetranslationstrategies.Intheaspectoflinguistics,manyfactorsshouldbeconsidered,suchaswordsandphrases,grammars,linguisticstyles,andsoon.（LvHefa38)Therefore,therearefourwaystotranslate.SuchasTransliteration,FreeTranslation,BorrowingTranslationandSimplifybyCuttingouttheSuperfluous.4.1TransliterationTransliterationisanimportanttranslationmethod,whichhasmanyadvantages,suchasreflectingthestyleoftheoriginaltextandexpressingthemeaningoftheoriginaland.Itisestimatedthatabout70%ofthesentencesareprocessedbythetransliterationmethod,sothetransliterationiswidelyadoptedbytranslators,thustheimportanceofthetransliterationmethodcanbeseen.However,literaltranslationhasboundedness.Forexample,sometimesthetranslationiscomplicatedanddifficulttounderstand,andsometimesthemeaningoftheoriginaltextcannotbeproperlyexpressed.Hence,ifaliteraltranslationisblindlypursuedregardlessofthesituationandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeignlanguages,Thisiswhytherearemistakesintransliterationisthattheformandcontentoflanguage,thesurfacestructureofsentencesandthedeepmeaningaresometimesinconsistent.Ontheotherhand,differentculturalandhistoricalbackgroundsbetweenChinaandforeigncountrieshaveresultedindifferentwaysofthinkinganddifferentformsoflanguageexpression.Manypeoplehavecriticizedthehardtranslationofliteraltranslationandshowclearlythatliteraltranslationhaslimitations,sowecanusefreetranslationinsteadofliteraltranslationisnotfeasible.Atthesametime,Forplacenamesandpeople'snamesinscenicspots,transliterationmethodcanbeadopted,suchas“桂林”Guilin,“魯迅”LuXunandsoon.TherearealsosomewordsthatreflecttraditionalChineseculture,suchasKongfu,Fengshuiandsoon.4.2FreeTranslation"Freetranslation"startsfromthemeaning,onlyrequirestheusualideaoftheoriginaltext,withoutpayingtoomuchattentiontodetails,butrequiresthetranslationtobenaturalandsmooth.Duetotheinfluenceofculturalfactors,theliteralandvisualmeaningsofthesourcelanguagecannotbepreservedintranslation,sotheimageofthesourcetextcanbereplacedwithanotherimagefamiliartothetargetreader,soastoconveythepragmaticpurposeofthesourcetextandtheimpliedmeaning.Differenthistoricaldevelopment,nationalcultureandcustomsofEnglishandChinesehaveresultedintheuniquelanguagesandexpressionsofthetwopeoples.Therefore,itisnecessarytohaveabasicunderstandingoftheculturalbasisofthetwolanguagesandnottotranslatewordbyword.Everylanguagehasahabitofexpression.Underthepremiseofathoroughunderstandingofthespiritualessenceoftheoriginalwork,weshouldnotsticktotheliteralformoftheoriginalworkandcreativelyexpresstheideaoftheoriginalwork,butweshouldnotaddtothedetailsorchangethestyleoftheoriginalwork.Translationofmeaningmeansthatitiseasyforvisitorstounderstandandrememberbystartingfromthemeaning,notstickingtothesyntacticstructure,diction,rhetoricandothermeansoftheoriginalsentence.Forexample,TerraCottaWarriorsandHor