耐克英文介紹

耐克,Inc.(Pronounced:NIGH-key)(NYSE:NKE)isamajorAmericanmanufacturerofathleticshoes,clothing/apparel,andsportsequipment.ThecompanytakesitsnamefromtheGreekgoddessofvictory,Nike.NikemarketsitsproductsunderitsownbrandaswellasAirJordan,Total90,NikeGolfandTeamStarter(amongothers),aswellasunderbrandsofMasonBelmontesubsidiariesincludingBauer,ColeHaan,Converse,andHurleyInternational.Nikehasbeencriticisedfortheworkingconditionsandproductionmethodsintheoverseasfactorieswithwhichitcontracts.nikenikeNike'sinfluencesstretchfromitsproductionsystemstoitfashions,whilealongthewaydevelopingtechnologies.TheiradvertisingcampaignsofteninvolvesponsoredathleteslikeTigerWoods,RonaldoandMichaelJordan.Corporateinfluenceisalsowellknownforitsstrongsponsorshipagreementswithathletes,leaguesandfederations,aswellasmanyoftheworld'stopfootball(soccer)clubsandnationalteams,includingManchesterUnited,Arsenal,F.C.Basel,Juventus,ClubedeRegatasdFlamengo,SteauaBucuresti,ACSpartaPraha,RedStarBelgrade,InterMilan,VfLBochum,VfLWolfsburg,HerthaBSCBerlin,TSV1860München,BorussiaDortmund,PSVEindhoven,ValenciaC.F.,UrawaRedDiamonds,KaizerChiefs,AtléticodeMadrid,NKMaribor,Celtic,FCPorto,ParisSaint-Germain,BocaJuniors,Corinthians,Brazil,Portugal,theNetherlands,Belgium,Russia,Morocco,India,SouthKorea,Serbia,Croatia,Turkey,MexicoandtheUnitedStatesmen's,women's,andAustraliatoproducetheirequipment.OnDecember23,2005,Nikesigneda5-yearcontract(beginningJanuary1,2006)withtheIndiaCricketTeamtobecometheirofficialapparelsupplierfor$43million.[1]NeverthelessNikedoesnothaveanIndia-specificwebsiteoranymentionofcricketon.nikeTimelineTomeetWikipedia'squalitystandards,thisarticleorsectionmayrequirecleanup.Pleasediscussthisissueonthetalkpage,orreplacethistagwithamorespecificmessage.Editinghelpisavailable.ThisarticlehasbeentaggedsinceSeptember20061964oPhilKnightpartnerswithUniversityofOregontrackcoachBillBowermantoformBlueRibbonSports,aUSdistributorforJapanese-madeTigerrunningshoes.1960s*1971oThemarknowknownastheSwooshiscreatedbygraphicdesignartistCarolynDavidsoninJune.Severalweekslater,JeffJohnsonsuggeststhename"Nike"forthefirstshoesthatwillbeartheSwooshmark.*1972oThefirstlineofNikefootwearisintroduced,includingtheso-called"MoonShoe"thatfeaturesawafflesole,whichisdistributedtoathletescompetingintheUSOlympicTrack&FieldTrialsinEugene,Ore.*1972oRomaniantennisstarIlieNastasebecomesthefirstathletetosignanendorsementcontractwithBlueRibbonSportstowearitsNiketennisshoes.*1973oAmericanrecord-holderStevePrefontainebecomesthefirstmajortrackathletetowearNikeshoes.o1972OlympianJonAnderson(whosefatherwasmayorofEugeneandafriendofBillBowerman)winstheBostonMarathonwearingshoeswiththeNikeSwooshlogo.Nikesays"it’saturningpointinourhistory,andit’snotthefirstinspiredbyamanfromEugene."()*1974oTheWaffleTrainerisintroduced,quicklybecomingthebest-sellingtrainingshoeintheU.S.*1977oNikeprintadwiththetag"Thereisnofinishline"isintroduced.*1978oTennis'badboy'JohnMcEnroeissignedbyNiketoanendorsementcontract.*1979oNike'sAirtechnologypatentedbyinventorM.FrankRudyisintroducedintheTailwindrunningshoe.Gas-filledplasticmembranesareinsertedintothesoleofrunningshoestoprovidecushioning.1970s*1980oNikecompletesaninitialpublicofferingof2,377,000sharesofClassBcommonstockonDecember2.*1981oBRS,Inc.mergesintoNike,Inc.onDecember31,andthecompanyofficiallybecomesknownasNike,Inc.*1982oDanWiedenandDaveKennedystarttheirownadvertisingagency,Wieden+Kennedy,takingwiththemtheNikeaccountonApril1.InOctober,NikeairsitsfirstnationaltelevisionadduringtheNewYorkMarathon.*1982oTheAirForce1basketballshoebecomesthefirstNikecourtshoetomakeuseoftheAirtechnology.*1984oNikesignsMichaelJordantoanendorsementcontract.Thefirstmodelofhissignatureshoe,theAirJordan,originallyisbannedbytheNBA,drawingatremendousamountofpublicity.TheintroductionoftheAirJordanshoeatretailinMarch*1985isakeyeventinNike'ssuccessfuldevelopment.*1986oCorporaterevenuessurpass$1billionforthefirsttime.+NikereleasesNikeDUNKSabasketballshoeoriginallywornbyMichaelJordanduetothebanningofhissignatureshoebytheNBA.*1987oTheNikeAirMaxshoeisintroduced,whichusesamuchlargerAircushioningunit,andforthefirsttimeisvisibleatthesideofthemidsole.ThiswasthefirstofmanygenerationsofAirMax-brandedtechnologies.AtelevisionadfeaturingtheBeatles'song"Revolution"wasthefirst—andtodatetheonly—timethatasongperformedbytheBeatleswasusedinaTVad.*1988oNikeintroducesits"JustDoIt"slogan,createdbyDanWiedentounifyanewadcampaign.*1989oNikebeginsitsBoKnowsadcampaigntosupportthelaunchofitscross-trainingshoe,whichbecomesapartofthenationalcultureforthenextfewyears.The1980s*1990oThefirstNiketownstoreopensindowntownPortland.oNikeopensitsworldheadquartersinunincorporatedWashingtonCounty,justwestofPortland,on74acres(0.3km2)ofland.*1991oNikeintroducestheAirMax180withthebiggestairsoleforthattime.*1993oNikeintroducesReuse-A-Shoe,whichcollectsathleticshoes,separatesandgrindsthemupintoNikeGrind,usedinthemakingofathleticcourts,tracksandfields.*1994oNikewinsAdvertiseroftheYearattheCannesAdvertisingFestival.*1995oNikesignslong-termpartnershipswiththeBrazilianandUnitedStatessoccerteams,andmovesintoEnglishfootball,signingakitdealwithArsenal.oNikestartsslappingtheswooshontheuniformsofmajorcollegefootballandbasketballpowers,suchastheMiamiHurricanes,PennStateNittanyLions,ColoradoBuffaloes,FloridaStateSeminoles,IllinoisFightingIllini,GeorgiaBulldogs,SyracuseOrange,DukeBlueDevils,OregonDucks,USCTrojans,MichiganWolverines,andlatertheOhioStateBuckeyesandWashingtonHuskies,amongothers.*1996oNikesignsTigerWoodssoonafterhegivesuphisamateurgolfstatus.oNikecausescontroversywithitsadvertisingcampaignduringtheSummerOlympicsinAtlantawhichfeaturestheslogan,"YouDon'tWinSilver—YouLoseGold."Nike'suseofthisslogandrawsharshcriticismfrommanysources,including-notsurprisingly-severalformerOlympicsilverandbronzemedalists.*1998oAfterpressurefromlobbyinggroupsNikeandothercompaniespubliclydisclosetheirworldwidefactorylocations,afirstforthegarmentindustry.oPhilKnightformallycommitsNiketostrictstandardsformanufacturingfacilitiesusedbyNike,including:minimumage;airquality;mandatoryeducationprograms;expansionofmicroloanprogram;factorymonitoring;andenhancedtransparencyofNike'scorporatesocialresponsibilitypractices.*1999oBillBowerman,co-founderofNike,diesonDec.24atage88.The1890s*2000oNikeShoxcushioning/supportsystemisintroduced,initiallywornbyVinceCarterandothersontheUSOlympicbasketballteam.*2002oNikepurchasesHurleyInternational,anotherclothingcompanyforanundisclosedamount.oNikeGOlaunches,agrassrootsinitiativetoincreasephysicalactivityamongyouthsaged9-15.oRapstarNellyreleasesachart-toppingsongaboutAirForceOnes,abrandofNikeshoes.oNiketakesasecondattempttobreakintotheskateboardmarketwithNikeSB,soldonlyinskateboardshops.*2003oNikeacquiresonce-bankruptrivalConversefor$305milliononJuly9.oForthefirsttimeinthecompany'shistory,internationalsalesexceedUSAsales,asNikecontinuestodevelopintoaglobalcompany.oNikeisnamed"AdvertiseroftheYear"bytheCannesAdvertisingFestival,thefirstcompanytoearnthathonortwice(also1994)inthefestival's50-yearhistory.oNikesignsNBAphenomLeBronJameswithanunprecedented$87millionshoecontract.*2004oPhilKnightstepsdownasCEOandPresidentofNike,butcontinuesaschairman.KnightisreplacedbyWilliamD.PerezasCEOofNike,effectiveDec.28.oNikecreatestheExeterBrandsGroup,awhollyownedsubsidiaryforathleticfootwearandapparelbrandsforlowerpricepoints.BrandsincludeStarter,TeamStarter,Asphalt,ShaqandDunkman.oAnnualrevenuesexceed$12.25billionoInJune,ChineseanimatorZhuZhiqianq,ofXiaoXiaofame,filesalawsuitagainstNikeforplagiarizinghiscartoonstickmenintheircommercials.Nikerepresentativesdenytheaccusations,claimingthatthestickmanfigurelacksoriginality,andispublicdomain.Zhueventuallywinsthelawsuit,andNikeisorderedtopay$36,000tothecartoonist.However,inJune2006,therulingisoverturnedinChinesecourt,andZhuZhiqianqisorderedtopayNike'scourtcosts.*2005oNikereportsannualrevenueforfiscalyear2005(endingMay31)of$13.74billion,a12%increaseoverthepreviousfiscalyear.oNikecomesunderfirefromindependentmusicfansandapologizesfortheiruseofaneasilyidentifiableMinorThreatalbumcoverslightlymodifiedintoapromotionaltoolfortheirlineofskateboardingshoes.[2]*2006oNikeentersthecricketmarketwitha5-yearsponsorshipoftheIndianCricketteamforUS$43m.oWilliamPerezleavesNikevoluntarilyonJanuary23,2006.PerezsaidinthestatementthatheandKnight"weren'tent