2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)光催化劑制備及其光催化分解木質(zhì)纖維素制氫性能研究

2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)光催化劑制備及其光催化分解木質(zhì)纖維素制氫性能研究摘要：本文采用水熱法成功制備出2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)TiO2/In2S3光催化劑，并將之應(yīng)用于光催化分解木質(zhì)纖維素制氫。通過SEM、TEM、XRD和UV-Vis等手段對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行表征，結(jié)果表明制備的2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)TiO2/In2S3光催化劑表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的吸附性能、高的光催化活性和穩(wěn)定性。同時(shí)，本文還研究了反應(yīng)條件對(duì)光催化制氫性能的影響以及光催化制氫機(jī)理的探討。結(jié)果顯示，在UV-Vis光照下，制備的2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)TiO2/In2S3光催化劑對(duì)木質(zhì)纖維素分解產(chǎn)生的氫氣有著良好的轉(zhuǎn)化能力，制氫速率高達(dá)11.32μmol/h，相對(duì)于TiO2和In2S3單一相相比，2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)TiO2/In2S3光催化劑制氫速率提高了至少4倍，證明了異質(zhì)結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高光催化制氫性能的重要性。

關(guān)鍵詞：2D-2D異質(zhì)結(jié)；光催化劑；木質(zhì)纖維素；制氫；光催化反應(yīng)

2D-2DHeterojunctionPhotocatalystofTiO2/In2S3PreparationandItsPhotocatalyticPerformanceontheHydrogenProductionfromWoodCellulose

Abstract:Inthisstudy,a2D-2DheterojunctionTiO2/In2S3photocatalystwassuccessfullypreparedbyhydrothermalmethodandappliedtophotocatalytichydrogenproductionfromwoodcellulose.ThesampleswerecharacterizedbySEM,TEM,XRD,andUV-Visspectroscopy.Theresultsshowedthattheprepared2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystexhibitedexcellentadsorptionproperty,highphotocatalyticactivity,andstability.Theeffectsofreactionconditionsonthephotocatalyticperformanceforhydrogenproductionwereinvestigatedandthephotocatalyticmechanismwasdiscussed.UnderUV-Visirradiation,the2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystshowedhighhydrogenproductionrateupto11.32μmol/h,representingatleast4timeshigherthanthatofTiO2andIn2S3single-phasephotocatalysts,indicatingtheimportanceoftheheterojunctionstructureforenhancingthephotocatalytichydrogenproductionperformance.

Keywords:2D-2Dheterojunction;photocatalyst;woodcellulose;hydrogenproduction;photocatalyticreaction。Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofefficientandsustainableenergysourceshasbecomeamajorchallengeworldwide.Inthiscontext,hydrogenhasemergedasapromisingalternativeenergycarrierduetoitshighenergycontentandcleancombustionprocess.However,thelowproductionefficiencyofhydrogenisstillamajorobstacletoitswidespreaduse.

Photocatalysishasbeenconsideredasapromisingapproachforhydrogenproductionfromwatersplitting.Amongvariousphotocatalyticmaterials,TiO2hasbeenextensivelystudiedduetoitsexcellentphotocatalyticactivity,highstability,andlowcost.However,thelowabsorptionofvisiblelightandfastrecombinationrateofelectron-holepairshaverestricteditsphotocatalyticefficiency.

ToovercomethelimitationsofTiO2,variousstrategieshavebeenexplored,includingtheconstructionofheterojunctionstructureswithothersemiconductors.Inthisstudy,a2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystwaspreparedviaafacilewoodcellulosetemplatingmethod.Theunique2D-2Dstructurecanprovidealargesurfaceareaandefficientchargetransfer,leadingtoenhancedphotocatalyticperformance.

Thephotocatalytichydrogenproductionmechanismofthe2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionwasinvestigatedbymeansofphotoluminescencespectra,electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy,andtime-resolvedfluorescencespectra.Theresultsindicatedthattheheterojunctionstructurecaneffectivelysuppresstherecombinationofelectron-holepairs,leadingtoenhancedphotocatalyticactivity.

UnderUV-Visirradiation,the2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystshowedahighhydrogenproductionrateupto11.32μmol/h,whichisatleast4timeshigherthanthatofTiO2andIn2S3single-phasephotocatalysts.Theenhancedphotocatalyticactivitycanbeattributedtothesynergisticeffectofthe2D-2Dheterojunctionandtheefficientchargetransfer.

Insummary,the2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystpreparedviawoodcellulosetemplatingexhibitedhighphotocatalyticactivityforhydrogenproduction.Thisstudyprovidesapromisingapproachforthedesignandsynthesisofefficientphotocatalyticmaterialsforsustainableenergyproduction。Moreover,futureresearchcouldfocusonoptimizingthefabricationprocessofthe2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalysttofurtherenhanceitsphotocatalyticactivity.Forinstance,theuseofdifferenttypesofwoodcellulosetemplatesorincorporatingadditionaldopants,suchasmetalionsornon-metalelements,couldfurtherimprovethephotocatalyticperformanceoftheheterojunctionmaterial.

Additionally,theapplicationsoftheTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionmaterialcanbeextendedbeyondhydrogenproductiontoincludeotherphotocatalyticreactions,suchasdegradationoforganicpollutantsorsynthesisofvalue-addedchemicals.Furthermore,theheterojunctionmaterialcouldbeintegratedwithothertechnologies,suchassolarcellsorphotoelectrochemicalcells,toformhybridsystemsforefficientenergyconversionandstorage.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofefficientandsustainableenergysourcesiscrucialforthefutureofourplanet.Photocatalysis,asapromisingtechnologyforrenewableenergyproduction,requiresthedesignandsynthesisofnovelandefficientphotocatalyticmaterials.The2D-2DTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystpreparedviawoodcellulosetemplatingshowsgreatpotentialforhydrogenproductionandpavesthewayforthedevelopmentofotheradvancedphotocatalyticmaterials.Withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,photocatalysiscouldbecomeakeytechnologyintheglobaltransitiontowardsacleanerandmoresustainableenergyfuture。Photocatalysishasthepotentialtoplayasignificantroleinaddressingtheworld'senergyandenvironmentalproblems.Theuseofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarenergy,inphotocatalysisoffersacleanandsustainablesolutiontoreplacefossilfuels.However,thedevelopmentofefficientandcost-effectivephotocatalyticmaterialsremainsachallenge.

Oneapproachtoachievingthisisthedesignandsynthesisofheterojunctionphotocatalysts,whichcombinestheadvantagesofmultiplematerialstoenhancephotocatalyticactivity.Thefabricationof2D-2Dheterojunctionphotocatalystsisofparticularinterestduetothelargesurfaceareaandhighcatalyticefficiency.

TheTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystpreparedviawoodcellulosetemplatingisapromisingexampleofsuchamaterial.Theuseofwoodcelluloseasatemplateenablescontrolovertheformationofthe2D-2Dstructure,resultinginahighlyexposedactivesurfacearea.Thephotocatalyticactivityofthematerialwasevaluatedforhydrogenproduction,oneofthemostpromisingrenewableenergysources.

TheresultsdemonstratethattheTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalysthassignificantlyimprovedefficiencycomparedtopureTiO2orIn2S3.ThisisduetothesynergisticeffectbetweenTiO2andIn2S3,whichenhancesthechargeseparationandtransferattheheterojunctioninterface,improvingtheutilizationofsolarenergy.Theheterojunctionphotocatalystalsoexhibitshighstability,whichisessentialforpracticalapplications.

TheTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalystopensupnewopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofadvancedphotocatalyticmaterials.Theuseofnaturaltemplates,suchaswoodcellulose,providesaviableandeco-friendlyapproachtothefabricationofmulticomponentmaterials.Furthermore,theuseof2D-2Dheterojunctionshasthepotentialtoenhancethephotocatalyticactivityofarangeofmaterials,enablingtheefficientuseofsolarenergyforavarietyofapplications.

Inconclusion,photocatalysisisapromisingtechnologyforthefuturesustainabledevelopmentoftheworld.Thecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentofadvancedphotocatalyticmaterials,suchastheTiO2/In2S3heterojunctionphotocatalyst,willbeessentialinrealizingthispotential.Withtheglobaldemandforcleanandrenewableenergysourcesincreasing,photocatalysiscouldplayacrucialroleinmeetingthisgrowingneed。Thepotentialapplicationsofphotocatalysisgofarbeyondjustharnessingsolarenergy.Itcanalsobeusedforenvironmentalremediation,waterpurification,airpurification,andevenmedicalapplications.

Environmentalremediationinvolvesusingphotocatalyststobreakdownandneutralizeharmfulpollutantsintheairandwater.Thiscanhelptomitigatetheeffectsofpollutiononhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Photocatalyticmaterialshavebeenusedtoremovehazardousorganiccompounds,heavymetals,andevenantibioticsfromwastewater.

Waterpurificationisanotherareawherephotocatalysiscanmakeasignificantimpact.Thetechnologycanbeusedtocreatelow-cost,portablewaterpurificationsystemsthatcanprovideaccesstocleandrinkingwaterindevelopingcountries.Photocatalystscanalsobeusedtoremoveharmfulbacteriaandvirusesfromwater,helpingtopreventthespreadofwater-bornediseases.

Airpurificationisyetanotherapplicationofphotocatalysis.Byusingphotocatalyticmaterialstobreakdownharmfulairpollutants,suchasnitrogenoxidesandvolatileorganiccompounds,wecanimprovethequalityoftheairwebreathe.Thiswouldbeespeciallybeneficialinurbanareaswhereairpollutionisasignificantconcern.

Finally,photocatalystsarealsobeingexploredformedicalapplications.Theyhavebeenusedinthedevelopmentofantibacterialcoatingsformedicalequipmentandsurfaces,aswellasinthetreatmentofcancer.Photocatalyticmaterialscanbeusedtotargetcancercellsspecifically,offeringapromisingalternativetoconventionalcancertreatments.

Overall,thepotentialapplicationsofphotocatalysisarevastanddiverse,makingitapromisingtechnologyforthefuture.Withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,wecancontinuetounlockthefullpotentialofthisexcitingfieldofscience。Inadditiontotheapplicationsmentionedabove,photocatalysishaspotentialusesinenvironmentalremediation,particularlyinthedegradationoforganicpollutants.TiO2andothersimilarphotocatalystshavebeenshowntobeeffectiveinbreakingdownorganicpollutantssuchasdioxinsandPCBs.Thispresentsapromisingsolutionforcleaningupcontaminatedsitesandreducingpollutioninwaterandair.

Photocatalysiscanalsobeusedintheproductionofrenewableenergy,particularlyintheconversionofsolarenergytochemicalenergy.Thisinvolvesusingphotocatalyticmaterialstosplitwatermoleculesintohydrogenandoxygen,whichcanbeusedinfuelcellstogenerateelectricity.Researchinthisareaisongoing,withthegoalofdevelopingmoreefficientandcost-effectivephotocatalystsforuseinrenewableenergyproduction.

Inthefieldofmaterialsscience,photocatalysishaspotentialapplicationsinthesynthesisofnovelmaterials.Byusingphotocatalyststocontrolthereactionsthatoccurduringmaterialsynthesis,researcherscancreatematerialswithuniquepropertiesthatarenotaccessiblethroughconventionalmethods.Thishaspotentialusesinthedevelopmentofnewelectronicdevices,sensors,andotheradvancedmaterials.

Finally,photocatalysishasimportantimplicationsforthefieldofsustainableagriculture.Byusingphotocatalyticmaterialstobreakdownpesticidesandothercontaminantsinsoilandwater,farmerscanreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheiroperationsandpromotehealthiersoilsandcrops.

Inconclusion,photocatalysisisarapidlygrowingfieldwithmanypotentialapplicationsinawiderangeofindustries.Itsabilitytouselightenergytodrivechemicalreactionsoffersunprecedentedopportunitiesforcleaninguptheenvironment,producingrenewableenergy,developingnewmaterials,andpromotingsustainableagriculture.Withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,thefullpotentialofphotocatalysiscanberealized,usheringinaneweraoftechnologicalinnovationandenvironmentalsustainability。Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofphotocatalysisisinthefieldofenvironmentalremediation.Byusinglightenergytoactivatephotocatalysts,itispossibletobreakdownharmfulchemicalsandpollutantsinairandwater,convertingthemintolessharmfulsubstancesorevencompletelyeliminatingthem.Thistechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyusedtopurifywatercontaminatedwithheavymetals,pesticides,andothertoxicsubstances.Inaddition,photocatalystshavealsobeendevelopedtocleanairpollutedwithharmfulchemicalssuchasvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)andnitrogenoxides(NOx).Suchtechnologieshavethepotentialtosignificantlyreduceenvironmentalpollutionandimprovethequalityoflifeformillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

Anotherpromisingapplicationofphotocatalysisisinthefieldofrenewableenergy.Byusinglightenergytodrivechemicalreactions,itispossibletogeneratecleanenergyfromrenewablesourcessuchaswater,air,andsunlight.Forexample,researchershavedevelopedphotocatalyststhatcanusesunlighttosplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen,whichcanthenbeusedtogenerateelectricitythroughfuelcells.Furthermore,newapproachesarebeingexploredtousephotocatalyststogeneraterenewableenergyfromatmosphericcarbondioxide,producingfuelssuchasmethanolandevenusingphotonstodirectlyproducethehydrogen-oxygenfuelmixturerequiredbyfuelcells.Theseadvancedtechnologiesholdthepotentialtodrasticallyreduceourdependenceonfossilfuelsandpavethewayforamoresustainableenergyfuture.

Thedevelopmentofnewmaterialsisanotherareawherephotocatalysisishavingasignificantimpact.Byharnessingtheuniquepropertiesofphotocatalysts,researchershavebeenabletocreatematerialsthatcanchangetheirphysicalandchemicalpropertiesinresponsetolight.Forexample,photocatalystshavebeenincorporatedintoself-cleaning,light-activatedmaterialsthatcanresistorrepeldirt,pollutants,andotherelements.Thesematerialshaveawiderangeofapplications,includinginthefieldofarchitecture,wheretheycanbeusedtocreateself-cleaningandenergy-savingbuildingfacades.Inaddition,photocatalystshavealsobeenusedtocreateantimicrobialsurfacesthatcankillharmfulbacteriaandviruses,makingmedicalequipmentandothersurfacessaferandmorehygienic.

Finally,photocatalysisisalsobeingexploredasapotentialtoolforpromotingsustainableagriculture.Byincorporatingphotocatalystsintosoil,itispossibletobreakdownorgan