09-2013年五年四川高考英語(yǔ)試題分析及2014考前準(zhǔn)備之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

09-2013年五年四川高考英語(yǔ)試題分析及2014考前準(zhǔn)備之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)LtD第七章動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示感謝的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞do為例。將16種不同的時(shí)態(tài)列表如下：一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在IdoIamdoingIhavedoneIhavebeendoing過(guò)去IdidIwasdoingIhaddoneIhadbeendoing將來(lái)IshalldoIshallbedoingIshallhavedoneIshallhavebeendoing過(guò)去將來(lái)IshoulddoIshouldbedoingIshouldhavedoneIshouldhavebeendoing但是常用的只有11種I．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（simplepresenttense）①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成主要由動(dòng)詞原型表示，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)選(D)※HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehefromtheuniversitynextyearA.willgraduateB.graduatesC.willhavegraduatedD.istograduate選(D)③有時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在表按計(jì)劃,規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如begincome,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close如:whattimedoesthetrainleaveforTibet?去西藏的火車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)?Theplanetakesoffat9:00a.m.飛機(jī)在上午9:00起飛.Thefilmstartsat6:30pm.TomorrowisSunday.④表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞。如belike,hate,think,remember,find,sound,datefrom,datebackto,等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如IlikeEnglishverymuch.Thestorysoundsverytouching.⑤書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題,以說(shuō)的情節(jié)介紹,圖片說(shuō)明大都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如WhytheBatComesOutOnlyatNight?為什么蝙蝠只在夜晚出來(lái)(故事標(biāo)題)Ihavereadthestory“TheCockCrowsatMidnight”.我讀過(guò)“半夜雞叫”那個(gè)故事⑥表示客觀真理,科學(xué)事實(shí)和格言Lighttravelsfasterthansound.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Strikewhileitishot.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)（simplepasttense）1．規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成a.一般情況下，在詞尾加上“ed”work+edopen+edb.以“e”結(jié)尾加“d”live+dlike+dmove+dc.以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的,變“y”為“i”+edtry-triedcarry-carriedd.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加ed:stop-stoppedbeg-begged2．用法①主要用于過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)。Heworkedinaglassworksin1998.Hecalledonmethedayhearrivedhere.他到達(dá)這兒的當(dāng)天就拜訪了我。Heusedtoliveinthecountryside.※salesofCDShavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990SwhenpeopletoenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnologyA.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbeginWhen為關(guān)系副詞，所指具體過(guò)去時(shí)間theearly1990S所以選B※——Imsorry,butthereisnosmokingroominthissectiononthetrain.——Oh,Ithat,andIwon’tsmokeagainA.don’tknow?B.won’tknowC.didn’tknowD.haven’tknown選C我剛才不知道※——Haveyoupersuadedhim?——Yes,Aftersomehoursofdiscussion,Itoreasonhiminacceptingthenewplan.A.hadmanagedB.wouldmanageC.havemanagedD.managed選D對(duì)已知結(jié)果的情況下,不再用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而用過(guò)去時(shí)。※——whatismynewdresslike?——Itisniceonyou.SorryIdidn’tsaysoon.沒(méi)早點(diǎn)說(shuō)。※——IthistimeTomcarefulenough,otherwisehewouldnothavepassedthetest.A.willbeB.wasC.hadbeenD.were選（B）※——What’stheweatherliketomorrow,John?——WellIit,forthescenepicturesdrewmyattentionastheweatherforecastwasgoingon.A.wasmissingB.willmissC.havemissedD.missed剛才錯(cuò)過(guò)了。選（D）②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用usedto+V/would+V如Heoftencametohelpus.IusedtogoboatingasaChild③一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于現(xiàn)在，表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉客氣。A：Couldyoulendmeahand?B：itcouldbeveryinterestingtowatchanArabandanEnglishmantalkingtogether.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法（simplefuturetense）1、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種構(gòu)成形式。①will/shall+do/be（動(dòng)詞原型）②begoingto+動(dòng)詞原型③beto+動(dòng)詞原型④beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原型⑤be+go/come/start/move/sail/leave/stay的進(jìn)行時(shí),表按計(jì)劃將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作2、用法①will/shall+v表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。Iwill/shallarrivenextweek.Whenwillyoubeabletoanswerme?Hewillbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.※will表一種傾向或意愿。Shall多當(dāng)?shù)谝蝗朔Q(chēng)I/we連用，若與第二、三人稱(chēng)連用則表征求意見(jiàn)，允諾、命令、強(qiáng)制語(yǔ)意。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237如Fishwilldiewithoutwater.（一定會(huì)，必然會(huì)）Youare19nowYouwillbe20nextyear.（傾向）ShallMarycomeandplaywillus?（征求意見(jiàn)）Youshallgetapresentonyourbirthday.（允諾）Thedoorshallnotbeopened.（命令、警告）②begoingto+Va.表示經(jīng)過(guò)周密考慮安排將要發(fā)生的事情或肯定要發(fā)生的事情。Theyaregoingtobuildahousenextmonth.（表示安排）Thereisgoingtoberaintomorrow.（表示肯定要發(fā)生的事）b.表示現(xiàn)在有跡象表明要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（即根據(jù)客觀情況，推測(cè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）Lookattheblackclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.Goadheavens!ImusthurryI’mgoingtobelate.c.begoingto+V可以用于條件狀從中，will/shall不可以如Ifyouaregoingtoseethefilmthisevening,youhadbettertakeanumbrellawithyour.d.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，帶有條件狀從的主句，謂動(dòng)不宜用begoing+to+V的句型A．不可以說(shuō)：Waterisgoingtobeturnedintosteamifitisheatedtoitsboilingpoint.只可以說(shuō)：Wateristurned/willbeturnedintosteamifitisheatedtoitsboilingpoint.如果水加熱到沸點(diǎn)，它會(huì)變成水蒸氣（表客觀事實(shí)）B．Thesunisgoingtoriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.(×)Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.(√)（太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)的動(dòng)作不是安排的，也不是推測(cè)，而是自然現(xiàn)象）C.Heisgoingtobe18yearsoldnextyear.(×)Hewillbe18yearsoldnextyear.（客觀事實(shí)）(√)③beto+Va.表按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事b.表命令c.用于條件狀從中d.表目的e.表用途f.表命中注定如Wearetogoshoppingtonight.（計(jì)劃、安排）Youaretocomebackby11:00pm.（命令）Theknifeistocutwith.（用途）※Ifyoubeintimefortheearlybus,besuretogetupbeforefiveo’clockinthemorning.A.aretoB.areabouttoC.aregoingtoD.areduetoareto+V=wantto+V選（A）※ThereisnodoubtthattheUNthemostimportantroleinthereconstructionofIraq.A.istoplayB.oughttoplayC.isabouttoplayD.willhaveplayedIstoplay“注定要”選（A）④beaboutto+V=beonthepointofdoing（when）表示“即將”“馬上”要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Iamabouttoleavewhenthephonerings.麗莎工作室扣扣3683237四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（presentcontinuoustense）1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作be+v-ing。be+prep/adv表進(jìn)行的意義。如Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Thebridgeisunderconstruction.2)表示感覺(jué)，愿望，和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞。如have,hear,see,live，hate,think，remember,find，sound，belongto,haveon不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。3)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，這種用法常表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情，如贊揚(yáng)、討厭、或不滿常與alwaysconstantlycontinually，forever連用。A．Heisalwaysthinkingforothers.總是為別人著想（贊揚(yáng)）B．Youarealwaysbeinglateforclass.（討厭）4）用于hope,find,want,wonder等的進(jìn)行時(shí)表一種委婉語(yǔ)氣，他們的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則更顯客氣，委婉。Wearehopingyouwillgetwellverysoon.5)某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“幾乎”“差一點(diǎn)”=nearlydoA.I’mforgettingthatIpromisedtotakeyoutoShanghai.B.Hewasbelievingwhatthecheatsaid.6)進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性，并不是說(shuō)話時(shí)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Mywatchisworkingperfectly.（目前走準(zhǔn)）7）be的進(jìn)行體表達(dá)某種特殊含義（如短暫性，臨時(shí)性）一般與下列adj連用brave,angryclever,polite/foolish,kind/shy,friendly,careless,careful。A.youarebeingveryclever.（你今天很聰明）B.Theyarebeingfriendly.（臨時(shí)性的）※Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage?A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking?Listen“聽(tīng)”可見(jiàn)是正在講。選C※——What’sthematter?※——Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.Theymyfeet.A.arehurtingB.willhurtC.havehurtD.arehurt選（A）8)在一定場(chǎng)合和語(yǔ)氣中，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)含有否定意義。Youaretellingme.這事不用你說(shuō)。Youarewastingtime.別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（pastcontinuoustense）1、構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing2、用法：①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thistimeyesterdaywewereplayingfootball.Whatwereyoudoingfrom7:00to9:00lastnight?Hewasgoingoverhislessonsalldayyesterday.②過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，constantly,forever等連用時(shí)具有濃厚的感情色彩，要么贊揚(yáng)，要么討厭。Hewascontinuallychanginghismind.(表示討厭)③在時(shí)間和條件狀從中，可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一句子里，表一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生另一動(dòng)作也發(fā)生A．Maryburntherhandwhenshewascookingdinner.B．IfelloverwhenIwascycling.※——What’swrongwithyourcoat?——JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttomeonit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting選（D）※——HasTomfinishedhisjobyet?——Ihavenoideaofit,heitthismorningA.hasbeendoingB.hadbeendoingC.didD.wasdoing表過(guò)去一段時(shí)間正在性的動(dòng)作。今天整個(gè)上午都在做。選（D）※——Canyougivemetherightanswer?——Sorry,I,wouldyoupleaserepeatit?A.hadn’tlistenedB.haven’tlistenedC.don’tlistenD.wasn’tlistening我當(dāng)時(shí)那一刻沒(méi)有聽(tīng)。選（D）※——WhatwereyouuptowhenIphonedyoulastnight?—ItheTVandtobed.A.hadturnedoff;wentB.wasturningoff;hadgoneC.turnedoff,hadgoneD.hadturnedoff,.wasgoing選（D）六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（presentperfecttense）1、構(gòu)成：have/has+p.p2、用法：①表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。A．Hehasgonetoparis(=Hewenttoparisandheisnotherenow)B．Ihaveopenedthewindow(=Iopenedthewindowandthewindowisopen)②表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直處延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。A．TheyhavelivedinBeijingfor20years.B．Ihaveknownhimsincewewerechildren.C．HehaslearnedEnglishforyears.D．Thefilmhasbeenonfor10minutes.E.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.(√)Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.(×)Hehasbecomeasoldierfor3years.(×)③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和alreadyyet,ever,never.以及before,recently,lately,oflate,oncejustsofir.today,inthelast(past)fewyears,eversince,tillnow,todate,uptonow,byendof連用.A.Shehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Ihavenotseenseenheryet.Ihavebeenbusylately/recentlyoflate.B.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.※untilthenSiemens10,000thyristorValves.A.producedB.hasbeenproducingC.hasproducedD.hadproduceduntilthen=uptothen到那時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用uptonow當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用選（D）※ThepriceofcomputerswhilethatofcolorTVsetsonlytomorethan1,000yuan.A.isgoingup;hasbeenbroughtdownB.hasgoneup;arebeingbroughtdown.C.hasbeengoneup;hasbroughtdownD.hasbeengoneup;isbroughtdown.注:goup為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組排除,C/Dprice/that為單數(shù)排除B選（A）※Hearticlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyearsandheaboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting,haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting,wroteC.iswriting,hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswrittenhasbeenwriting一直在寫(xiě),還會(huì)寫(xiě).haswritten已寫(xiě)完.選（A）七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)（pastperfecttense）1、構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had+pp2、用法：①表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間或過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間以前完成了的動(dòng)作。A．Ihadwrittenthearticlewhenhecamein.B．IhadnotheardofhimforsometimebeforeImethim.C．uptothenwehadproduced1,000cars.D．Thehousewasdirty,Wehadn’tcleaneditforweeks.②在間接引語(yǔ)中代替直接引語(yǔ)中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。A．Hesaidthathehadlivedtherefor5years.Hesaid,“Ihavelivedhavefor5years”.B．Hesaidthathehadseenhimtwodaysbefore.Hesaid“Isawhimtwodaysago”.③動(dòng)詞hope,want,expect,think,suppose,mean,plan.wish等的過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算，愿望。A．Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.我們本希望你們能來(lái)看望我們（結(jié)果你們沒(méi)來(lái)）B．Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’tgetthereintime.C．Ihadmeanttocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我本打算來(lái)拜訪你，但有事來(lái)不了。④用wouldlike,/lovetohavedone也表示過(guò)去未曾寧實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算，愿望或意圖。A．Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstothefinishareport.B．Wewouldliketohavegonetothematch,buttheticketswereallsoldout.⑤常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句型。a.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhen+----nosoonerhadsbdonethan+-----b.Itwasthefirst/second…timethatsb+haddonec.Ifsbhaddone,…sbwouldhavedone.(表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)Ifyouhadcomeherethreeminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.d.wish+sbhaddone（對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬）eg.IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.e.AwouldratherB+haddoneeg.Iwouldratheryouhadnotdoneityesterday.※—HaveyoubroughtyourIDcard?—MyGod!IofitbeforeleavinghomeA.hadremindedB.havebeenremindedC.hadbeenremindedD.havebeenreminded選（C）※—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.-Didyougototheirwedding?—No，I。Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite選（C）八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（futuretenseinthepast）1、構(gòu)成：A.would/should+VB.was/weregoingto+VC.was/wereto+VD.was/wereaboutto+V2、用法：①用在間接引用語(yǔ)中（即賓語(yǔ)從句中）ItoldhimthatIwould/shouldseehimoffattherailwaystation.②不用于間接引語(yǔ)中，也可以用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。LastSundayweweregoingtogoforapicnicbutitrained.③用在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中和wish從句中IfIwereabird,Iwould+flytothemoon.④would當(dāng)usedto表過(guò)去常常a.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作慣常行為“時(shí)兩者可互用”Hewould/usedtogetupearlyb.表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常的狀態(tài)”而不是“行為”“動(dòng)作”時(shí)，只用“usedto+V”。egThereusedtobeaschoolhere（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)“今昔對(duì)比”還有“現(xiàn)在已不再那樣”時(shí)只用usedto。Peopleusedtothinkthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.（4）would常表示“意愿，樂(lè)意”做的事，因此下列場(chǎng)合不同would而用usedto。Mymotherusedtosufferfromheadaches.（5）表“認(rèn)為”心理狀態(tài)的詞只與usedto連用。Weusedtothink/believe/consider/feel※Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornereveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might選（A）“過(guò)去常?！薄鵌livewithmysisterthissummeranddidn’thavetopayrentSoIsavemostofmysalary.A.couldB.wouldC.wasabletoD.should選（C）經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力干成什么事九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（presentperfectcontinuoustense）1、構(gòu)成：have/has+been+v-ing2、用法：①用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能仍然在繼續(xù)。如：Wehavebeenhopingwe’llhaveachancetovisittheGreatWallofChina.②有些動(dòng)詞如work,study,live,teach等用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)意思差不多。如Ihaveworkedherefor10yearshavebeenworkinghere但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已寫(xiě)完）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（還在寫(xiě)）Theyhavebuiltthehouse.他們建好了房子。Theyhavebeenbuildingthehouse.他們一直在建房子。③表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如finish,marry,getup,come,go等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。④表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)間為止的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（并不是沒(méi)有停止過(guò)）如A.Theoldmenhavebeendrinkingteaalltheafternoon.那幾個(gè)老人整個(gè)下午一直在喝茶（表示有停頓的動(dòng)作）B.Ihavebeentelephoningyouseveraltimesintwodays.兩天來(lái)我一直多次給你打電話（表示有停頓的動(dòng)作）※（NEMT2006）Iwon’ttellthestudentstheanswertothemathproblemuntilheonitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked選（A）十、一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)1、構(gòu)成：willhave+p.p.2、用法：表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止完成的行為，與by+將來(lái)時(shí)間連用。如Wewillhavelearned4,000Englishwordsbynextterm.※Themeetingtendaysbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted.選（B）如HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehegraduatesfromuniversitynextyear※—MayIcometoseeyourbossat4:00tomorrowafternoon?—I’mafraidhetoTokyoA.willflyB.flewC.willhaveflownD.isflying選（C）十一、一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1、構(gòu)成：willbe+v-ing2、用法：在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如IWillbehavingametingat4:00tonight.HewillbelearningEnglishthefollowingdays.※—DidyouwritetoGracelastsummer?—No,butI’dheroverChristmasVacation.A．beseenB．beseeingC．haveseenD．havebeenseeing選（B）※—ShallIcallatyourhouseat7:00pmtomorrow?—Iawalkintheparksoyouwon’tfindmeathomethen.A.shallbetakingB.shalltakeC.willtakeD.amtaking.選（A）（二）動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passivevoice）1、概說(shuō)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞get/be+過(guò)去分詞3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。①當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不明確或者沒(méi)有必要指出來(lái)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如A.HewillbepraisedatTomorrow’smeeting.B.Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguage.C.Thepeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.D.Thehouseisbeingbuiltnow.注：在完成句子中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到此種情形例：______(必須采取行動(dòng))protecttheenvironment.答案：Actionmustbetakento此句中并沒(méi)有給出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，所以直接使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)，而沒(méi)有必要加動(dòng)作發(fā)出者。②強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者A．Theplanhasalreadybeenmade.B．WangPingmaybeelectedmonitorofourclass.③如果一個(gè)句子既有直接賓語(yǔ)，又有間接賓語(yǔ)，句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。（常帶雙賓的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,send,ask,teach,show,allowtell,call等）多數(shù)情況下都是把間接賓語(yǔ)（通常指人的名詞）轉(zhuǎn)變成主語(yǔ)，更符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。Hegavemesomebooks.Somebooksweregiventome.Iwasgivensomebooks.Heshowedmetheplacewherehelived.Theplacewherehelivedwasshowntome.Iwasshowntheplacewherehelived.④“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)。payattentionto/playarolein/takepridein/makeuseof/takegoodcareofA.Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattention.toB.Youmustmakegooduseofyourtime.Goodusemustbemadeofyourtime.Yourtimemustbemadegooduseof.⑤在把“peoplesay/think,know,believe,understand,consider/supposethat+賓語(yǔ)從句”變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以用下列兩種形式。PeoplesaythatTomisagoodstudent.Tomissaidtobeagoodstudent.ItissaidthatTomisagoodstudent.⑥帶有形式賓語(yǔ)it的句子，也可以變成被語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：think/make/consider/find/feelit+adj+todoWethinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.ItisthoughtimportanttolearnEnglishwell.⑦原則上講，只有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞在和介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，因此也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A．Hewasbeinglaughedat.B．Thepatienthasbeenoperatedon.C．Hewillbelookedafterbythenurse.⑧當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞（eachother,oneanother）時(shí)，或當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)身體上的某一部位時(shí)，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是表示處所的名詞時(shí)，都不可變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A．Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.B．Heputhishandonhischest.C．HejoinedthearmylastyearD．Weoftenhelpeachother.⑨下列幾種情況動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義1）不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式與它所修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句子的主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)。Ihavesomeclothestowashtoday.Hedoesn’thaveenoughtodrink.對(duì)比I’llgotoTokyotomorrowDoyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere?（我?guī)湍銕ィ㊣’llgotoTokyotomorrowLook!Ihavelotsofthingstotakethere.我自己帶去。2）當(dāng)不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，不定式置于easyharddifficultcomfortable,deep,good,niceimportant,strange,adj后作狀語(yǔ)，且與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Hisphonenumberiseasytoremember.Thechairiscomfortabletositin．Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Milkisgoodtodrink.（不用tobedrunk）3）在Therebe句型中修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式，用主動(dòng)形式比被動(dòng)形式更常見(jiàn)。Thereismuchworktodo/tobedone.但在nothing,anything和something后，使用兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的意思有所不同。Thereisnothingtodo（沒(méi)有事可做）tobedone（沒(méi)有辦法）4）在“This/Thatis+n”的句型中，修飾表語(yǔ)的不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.而不用tobeansweredThatisagoodplacetovisit.而不用tobevisited5）不定式tolet,toseek,toblame常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義.Nobodyistoblamefortheaccident.這個(gè)事故,誰(shuí)也不會(huì)受到責(zé)怪.Thecaristolet.此業(yè)出租。Theevidence/reasonisnottoseek.證據(jù)不難找。6）以人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，worthy后的不定式用主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式都可以，但二者意義不同。Heisworthytotakehisposition他配擔(dān)任他的職務(wù)。（不定式動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出）tobechosen他不配當(dāng)選。（不定式動(dòng)作不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出）7）英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。1.①Arethegoodssellingwell?這些商品好賣(mài)嗎？②Thedoorwon’tlock.門(mén)鎖不上。③Didyourplansworkoutsuccessfully?你們的計(jì)劃進(jìn)展順利嗎？④Theplayisactingwonderfullywell.這場(chǎng)戲演得非常成功。⑤Thepenwritessmoothly/well.這筆好寫(xiě)。2.表示開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。例：Workbeganat7.工作在七點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始。Theshopcloseswhenthesunsets.商店在太陽(yáng)下山時(shí)關(guān)門(mén)。3.系動(dòng)詞look,sound,taste,smell,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep等+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Themilksmellssour.牛奶聞起來(lái)有點(diǎn)酸。Hisplanprove(tobe)reasonable.他的計(jì)劃證明是合理的。4.介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)詞意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)意義其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞常見(jiàn)的有：undercontrol(受控制)，undertreatment(在治療中)，underrepair(在修理中)，underdiscussion(在討論中)，underconstruction(在施工中)，beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach(鞭長(zhǎng)莫及)，beyondone’scontrol(無(wú)法控制)，beyondourhope(我們始料不及)，forsale(待售)，forrent(出租)，inprint(在印刷中)，insight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，onsale(出售)，onshow(展出)，ontrial(受審)，outofcontrol(失控)，outofsight超出視線之外)，outofone’sreach(夠不著)，outoffashion(過(guò)時(shí)的)。例：Thebuildingisunderconstruction.(Thebuildingisbeingconstructed)大廈建設(shè)當(dāng)中。Theplaneisoutofcontrol.(Theplanecan’tbecontrolled.)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)失控。8）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。a.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)。b.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作。①I(mǎi)am（very）interestedinEnglish.Iwasinterestedbywhathetoldme.我對(duì)英語(yǔ)（非常）感興趣。（作表語(yǔ)）他告訴我的事情引起了我的興趣。（被動(dòng)式）②Thebookiswellwritten.這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得非常好。（作表語(yǔ)）Thebookwaswrittenbyateacher.這書(shū)是一位老師寫(xiě)的。（被動(dòng)式）③Hewasinjuredintheleg.他傷在腿上。（作表語(yǔ)）Hehadbeeninjuredtwicethatyear.那年他兩次受傷。（被動(dòng)式）注：get+過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，通常只表示動(dòng)作，不表示狀態(tài)，常用來(lái)表達(dá)不合心意的事情。如：gethurt（受傷）getslapped（挨打）getdismissed（被開(kāi)除）getkilled（被殺）getcaught（被抓）getwounded（受傷了）getinfectedwith（被感染）注：get+excited/lost/married/tired/drunk表狀態(tài)。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237全國(guó)最新試題總匯【2013北京】23.Shakespeare’splayHamlet intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmade B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmade D.wouldbemade1【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)此句標(biāo)志詞overthepastyears應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故選C?！?013北京】25.---DoyouthinkMomandDad late?---No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.A.were B.willbe C.wouldbe D.havebeen2【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意：你認(rèn)為父母會(huì)遲到嗎？可知答案為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，故選B?！?013北京】28.Hurryup!MarkandCarl us.A.expect B.areexpecting C.haveexpected D.willexpect3【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)Hurryup!可知，Mark和Carl正在等我們。故選B，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！?013北京】32.---Sowhatistheprocedure?---Alltheapplicants beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.A.interview B.areinterviewingC.areinterviewed D.arebeinginterviewed4【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句中applicants與interview之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；且句子所描述的為一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C?！?013福建】23.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited5【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。題干主語(yǔ)中心詞為介詞短語(yǔ)aswellas之前的musician，故謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)，排除AC；再根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo可知應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故答案為B。【2013福建】26.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand______badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentaking6【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞overthelastthreeyears可知答案為D?！?013湖南】22.“Whatdoyouwanttobe?”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh,I________president,”saidtheboy,withasmile.A.havebeen B.am C.was D.willbe7【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問(wèn)句：你想當(dāng)什么？可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，故答案選D?！?013湖南】24.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat________us.A.bothers B.hadbothered C.wouldbother D.bothered8【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞everynight及意識(shí)到句中will表示一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)?！?013湖南】26.Ifnothing________,theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.A.does B.hadbeendone C.willdo D.isdone9【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。首先nothing與do之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除AC項(xiàng)；根據(jù)主句的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可知，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選D?！?013湖南】27.—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,it________theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.A.wouldbe B.is C.hasbeen D.willbe10【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞forthelastthreedays可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，選C。【2013湖南】34.—Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’msosorry.ButI_________myhomework.

A.haddone B.wasdoing C.woulddo D.amdoing11【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，對(duì)話中的第二個(gè)人昨天下午沒(méi)去聽(tīng)課，而是在做作業(yè)，故使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選B?！?013江蘇】21.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_________essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were12【答案】A【解析】考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為motivation，故謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及generally可知，描述的為一般情況，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選A?！?013江蘇】25.—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iareportathome.A.willbewritingB.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting13【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句意為：明天早上我可以用下你的車(chē)嗎？當(dāng)然。我那是將會(huì)在家寫(xiě)報(bào)告。答案選A?！?013江蘇】34.—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwearoughride.A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehad14【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，我們昨天的自駕旅行是一次顛簸的旅行。故答案選過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)?！?013江西】35. I________tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel. A.come B.came C.amcoming D.wascoming15【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)but之后的并列句“我不得不打電話取消”可知，“我那天是要去看你的”，故動(dòng)詞come的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表過(guò)去將來(lái)?！?013遼寧】22.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he______itforaverylongtime.A.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.had16【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本題基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，他演奏吉他很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是發(fā)生在他賣(mài)（sold）之前，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)?！?013遼寧】30.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment______byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.A.hadbeenimprovedB.willbeimprovedC.isimprovedD.wasimproved17【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：我們充滿信心…。證明此事還未發(fā)生，故使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，答案選B?！?013山東】24.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit_____prettygood.

A.hasbeen B.was C.hadbeen D.wouldbe18【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干部分didn’t可知基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；再根據(jù)句意：我認(rèn)為我不會(huì)喜歡這部電影，而實(shí)際上這是部相當(dāng)好的電影。故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)陳述過(guò)去的事實(shí)?！?013山東】27.—Ohno!We’retoolate.Thetrain_______.—That’sOk.We’llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.

A.wasleaving B.hadleftC.hasleft D.hasbeenleaving18【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“我們太晚了”及后句“沒(méi)關(guān)系。我們可以趕下一趟火車(chē)去倫敦”，可知火車(chē)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。【2013陜西】11.OnMondaymorningsitusuallymeanhourstodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtake20【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞onMondaymornings，usually可以判斷應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237【2013陜西】17.Jimalatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching21【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處固定句型：was/weredoingsthwhen…意為：正在做某事的時(shí)候，突然…。故答案選C，表示這一動(dòng)作在過(guò)去一直在進(jìn)行?！?013四川】3.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus_____forus!A.waitsB.waswaitingC.waitedD.iswaiting22【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。通過(guò)題干“Hurryup,kids!”不難判斷，“校車(chē)正在等我們”，故使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，答案為D?！?013天津】13.Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarilybecausetheworkersoneofthemainpipes.A.hadrepairedB.haverepairedC.repairedD.arerepairing23【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：暫時(shí)斷水了，因?yàn)楣と嗽谛抟粋€(gè)主管道。根據(jù)句意，選正在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！?013新課標(biāo)II卷】7.Weveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.A.leaveB.hadleftC.wereleavingD.haveleft24【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)so后的并列句“我們前一天晚上就打好包了”