2022年全國(guó)甲卷高考英語(yǔ)試卷真題答案及知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解（深度解讀）

高考英語(yǔ)真題深度解讀（全國(guó)甲卷）語(yǔ)篇總覽語(yǔ)篇總覽語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境話題體裁詞數(shù)難度閱讀理解A人與社會(huì)英國(guó)Cardiff的四家劇院應(yīng)用文275+56★★★☆☆閱讀理解B人與自然鳳頭鸚鵡與人類(lèi)二歲幼兒在識(shí)別形狀能力的對(duì)比說(shuō)明文237+130★★☆☆☆閱讀理解C人與自我GinniBazlinton的一次終生難忘的南極之旅記敘文300+98★★★☆☆閱讀理解D人與社會(huì)不同的人對(duì)悉尼發(fā)展過(guò)程中不同文化沖突的見(jiàn)解夾敘夾議331+132★★★☆☆閱讀七選五人與社會(huì)不同國(guó)家的餐桌禮儀說(shuō)明文209+80★★☆☆☆完形填空人與自然作者因狗與男士相識(shí)、相知和相愛(ài)記敘文249★★★☆☆語(yǔ)法填空人與社會(huì)盲人男子徒步經(jīng)歷記敘文189★★★☆☆短文改錯(cuò)人與社會(huì)作者和父親的關(guān)系記敘文104★★★☆☆書(shū)面表達(dá)人與自然海洋保護(hù)征文比賽應(yīng)用文100(左右)★★★★☆閱讀理解閱讀理解A篇解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇體裁應(yīng)用文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——藝術(shù)評(píng)析——?jiǎng)≡禾厣P(guān)鍵詞Theatres,Entertainment,StDavid’sHall,TheGleeClub,ShermanCymru,NewTheatre主旨概要介紹了英國(guó)Cardiff的四家劇院各自的特色百科知識(shí)①加的夫(Cardiff)：又譯作卡迪夫。英國(guó)西南部的重要港口和工業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)中心，威爾士首府。位于布里斯托爾灣北岸，塔夫河口。城市人口34.61萬(wàn)（2011年），臨近威爾士南部煤田。二十世紀(jì)初曾是世界最大的煤炭輸出港。市內(nèi)現(xiàn)代化街道、建筑物與舊式街道、古老教堂并存。有國(guó)家博物館、威爾士民族博物館；城西有航空站。②StDavid’sHall：屢獲殊榮的威爾士國(guó)家音樂(lè)廳，內(nèi)有2000個(gè)座位。還是一年一度的WalesProms的主辦場(chǎng)地，適合流行，搖滾，民間，爵士等多種音樂(lè)會(huì)類(lèi)型。③TheGleeClub：是一組現(xiàn)場(chǎng)喜劇、音樂(lè)和特別活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。我們是單口喜劇的發(fā)源地，經(jīng)常有比爾的混合周末秀和大牌明星的個(gè)人秀巡回演出。我們還舉辦鼓舞人心的音樂(lè)演唱會(huì)、口頭交流活動(dòng)以及歌舞表演和滑稽表演。④ShermanCymru：謝爾曼劇院位于加的夫的國(guó)泰區(qū)。1973年，在加的夫大學(xué)的資助下，它被建成了一個(gè)雙廳場(chǎng)館。.⑤NewTheatre：新劇院是威爾士首府加的夫的主要?jiǎng)≡褐弧Ｋ挥谑兄行墓珗@廣場(chǎng)，靠近國(guó)泰公園。原文出處本文選自2014年至2015年發(fā)行的英國(guó)威爾士卡迪夫城市旅游手冊(cè)。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的；annualadj.一年一度的；alikeadv.同樣地；namevt.說(shuō)出……的名字；qualityadj.高質(zhì)量的；pickn.最佳選擇；reopenvt.復(fù)工重難點(diǎn)詞塊ishometo………的所在地；theveryheartof…在……的中心；alongwith…連同……；theverybest…最好的……；premiercomedyclub總理喜劇俱樂(lè)部；apackedprogrammeof…豐富的……節(jié)目長(zhǎng)難句分析Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機(jī)會(huì))todocreativethings.(Paragraph3)本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是：Thisspecialbuildingisaplace；定語(yǔ)從句①是：inwhichtheatreismade；定語(yǔ)從句②是：andwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機(jī)會(huì))todocreativethings。試題分析試題分析TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes,CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機(jī)會(huì))todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk1.WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A.AttheNewTheatre.B.AttheGleeClub.C.AtShermanCymru.D.AtStDavid’sHall.2.WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A.Watchmusicals.B.Enjoycomedies.C.Seefamilyshows.D.Docreativethings.3.WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD.www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk【答案】1.D2.B3.A【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Cardiff當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍﹦≡汉蛫蕵?lè)場(chǎng)所。1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“StDavid’sHall”部分中的“StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff(StDavid’sHall是Cardiff一年一度的WelshProms的舉辦地)”可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活動(dòng)在StDavid’sHall舉辦。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“TheGleeClub”部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere(如果你正在尋找巡演中最好的喜劇和精彩的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)，你應(yīng)該從這里開(kāi)始)”可知，人們可以在TheGleeClub享受喜劇。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“NewTheatre”部分中的“TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicians,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years(100多年來(lái)，NewTheatre一直是優(yōu)質(zhì)戲劇、音樂(lè)家、舞蹈和兒童節(jié)目的發(fā)源地)”以及其下面的網(wǎng)站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk網(wǎng)站找到Cardiff存在最久的劇院。故選A。閱讀理解閱讀理解B篇解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇體裁說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境人與自然——自然生態(tài)——生物與人的智力對(duì)比關(guān)鍵詞Goffin’scockatoos,shape-recognitionabilities,human主旨概要文章主要介紹了鳳頭鸚鵡與人類(lèi)二歲幼兒在識(shí)別形狀能力的對(duì)比。百科知識(shí)Goffin’scockatoos：戈芬鳳頭鸚鵡，也被稱(chēng)為塔寧巴鳳頭鸚鵡，是所有白色鳳頭鸚鵡中最小的。它們的頭到尾長(zhǎng)約12英寸。這些Goffin鳳頭鸚鵡也是白色的，眼睛和喙周?chē)絮q魚(yú)色的羽毛。原文出處原文來(lái)自BBCEarth發(fā)表于2018年的一篇雜志文章。原文鏈接：/stories/Education/BBC-EarthCockatoos-Are-Skilful-Shape-Stories語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞trial-and-errorn.反復(fù)試驗(yàn)；keyholen.鑰匙孔；insertv.插入重難點(diǎn)詞塊Nativeto原產(chǎn)于某地；shape-recognitionabilities形狀識(shí)別能力；differentlyshapedkeys形狀各異的鑰匙；letout放掉；choosefrom從中選擇；similarto與……相似；relyentirelyon完全依賴(lài)；inmostcases大部分情況下；workout找……的答案；visualclues視覺(jué)線索；useasenseoftouch使用觸覺(jué)長(zhǎng)難句分析①I(mǎi)nhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)shapes.這是一個(gè)并列句，由but并列前后兩句，前句是一個(gè)主謂賓的簡(jiǎn)單句：Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage；后句是由before引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句：主句部分是：itwillbeanotheryear；從句部分是：theyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)shapes。②Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.這個(gè)一個(gè)由后置定語(yǔ)修飾的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。系表結(jié)構(gòu)是：Thisabilityiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”；后置定語(yǔ)部分是：torecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit；當(dāng)中嵌套了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：thatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit。試題分析試題分析Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.4.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.5.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.6.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys. D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.(雖然人們不知道這些鳥(niǎo)在野外會(huì)使用工具，但事實(shí)證明，它們?cè)陉P(guān)在籠子里時(shí)就能熟練地使用工具)”以及“thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Inserting,thecorrect“keys”wouldletoutthenut.(研究人員給了這些鳥(niǎo)5把形狀各異的“鑰匙”供它們選擇。插入，正確的“鑰匙”會(huì)讓堅(jiān)果出來(lái))”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過(guò)使用工具從盒子里取出堅(jiān)果的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage(在人類(lèi)身上，嬰兒從一歲左右就可以把一個(gè)圓形的物品放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里)”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知，一歲兒童最有可能完成“將一個(gè)球放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里”的任務(wù)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(根據(jù)研究人員的說(shuō)法，下一步是嘗試弄清楚鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依靠視覺(jué)線索，還是也使用觸覺(jué)來(lái)選擇它們的形狀)”可推知，后續(xù)測(cè)試的目的是了解鳳頭鸚鵡在測(cè)試中是否使用觸覺(jué)。故選D。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第一段“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.(科芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識(shí)別能力與兩歲的人類(lèi)相似)”可推知，本文主要介紹了會(huì)識(shí)別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。D項(xiàng)“Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters(鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形狀的熟練工)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。閱讀理解閱讀理解C篇解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型記敘文主題語(yǔ)境人與自我——生活——旅行關(guān)鍵詞GinniBazlinton,Antarctica,travel,dream主旨概要本文介紹了GinniBazlinton的一次終生難忘的南極之旅百科知識(shí)①Gentoopenguins：白眉企鵝是企鵝中最膽小的物種。白眉企鵝是機(jī)會(huì)主義的食肉動(dòng)物，在福克蘭群島周?chē)?，人們知道它們吃的魚(yú)、甲殼類(lèi)動(dòng)物和魷魚(yú)的比例大致相等。白眉企鵝主要以磷蝦等甲殼類(lèi)動(dòng)物為食，魚(yú)類(lèi)僅占其飲食的15%左右。②TierradelFuego：火地島是位于南美洲大陸南端的一個(gè)群島。它與大陸被狹窄的麥哲倫海峽隔開(kāi)。③thehumpbackwhale：座頭鯨是須鯨的一種。成蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)14-17米，體重可達(dá)40公噸。座頭鯨的體型與眾不同，胸鰭長(zhǎng)，頭部多節(jié)。雄性會(huì)發(fā)出一首復(fù)雜的歌，通常持續(xù)4到33分鐘。原文出處原文鏈接：/magazine/yours-october-25-2016-digital語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞kick-startv.最后一分鐘才完成的；緊要關(guān)頭的重難點(diǎn)詞塊flythenest獨(dú)立生活；taketheplunge決定冒險(xiǎn)嘗試；leaveanimpressiveonsb.給某人留下印象；prehistoriccreature史前生物；hithome使人豁然省悟?qū)懽骶湫廷賂hesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.（Paragraph1）句意：這些溫柔可愛(ài)的看門(mén)人歡迎她，并開(kāi)始了吉妮永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記的旅程。②Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.（Paragraph3）句意：當(dāng)她從舞蹈中退休，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活的時(shí)候，她決定是時(shí)候冒險(xiǎn)了。試題分析試題分析AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.9.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.10.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.11Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛(ài)，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開(kāi)始周游世界，并在2008年開(kāi)始了前往南極洲的旅程?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在最后一刻買(mǎi)到從火地島附近島嶼前往南極洲的廉價(jià)船只)”可知，是一張折扣票價(jià)讓Ginni決定去南極洲旅行的。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意識(shí)到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應(yīng)該受到人類(lèi)的尊重，這是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行結(jié)束后，Ginni認(rèn)為南極洲應(yīng)該得到很好的保護(hù)。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71hashadadeeplovefortravel.(今年71歲的吉妮從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛(ài))”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛(ài)，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開(kāi)始周游世界，并在2008年開(kāi)始了前往南極洲的旅程。由此可知，Achildhooddream.(童年的夢(mèng)想)能夠概括文章主旨。故選A。閱讀理解閱讀理解D篇解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型夾敘夾議文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——社會(huì)與文化——社會(huì)進(jìn)步關(guān)鍵詞Sydney,Australia,AndrewReynolds,changeandprogress,years主旨概要本文主要介紹了不同的人對(duì)悉尼發(fā)展過(guò)程中不同文化沖突的見(jiàn)解百科知識(shí)catamaran：雙體船是一種多殼船艇，具有兩個(gè)同等大小的平行船體。這是一種幾何穩(wěn)定的船舶，其穩(wěn)定性來(lái)自于其寬橫梁，而不是像單體船那樣來(lái)自壓載龍骨。雙體船通常比同等長(zhǎng)度的單體船具有更小的船體體積、更小的排水量和更淺的吃水深度。兩個(gè)船體組合起來(lái)的水動(dòng)力阻力通常也比可比的單體船體小，需要更少的帆或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的推進(jìn)功率。與單體船相比，雙體船在水面上的較寬姿態(tài)可以減少橫傾和波浪引起的運(yùn)動(dòng)，并可以減少尾跡。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞pilotv.駕駛，領(lǐng)航重難點(diǎn)詞塊oneafteranother一個(gè)接一個(gè)；backandforth來(lái)回地長(zhǎng)難句分析ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。其中主句部分是：ShirleyFitzgeraldtoldmethat；賓語(yǔ)從句部分是：Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings；兩個(gè)逗號(hào)中間是同位語(yǔ)：thecity’sofficialhistorian。試題分析試題分析Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號(hào)),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決).”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.14.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.15.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問(wèn)題?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.(20世紀(jì)60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的港口)”以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.(但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是港口。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsforaliving.(30歲出頭的AndrewReynolds是個(gè)快樂(lè)的小伙子，他在悉尼擔(dān)任渡輪領(lǐng)航員為生)”、第三段“I’llmisstheseoldboats.(我會(huì)想念這些舊船的)”以及第五段“Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.(雙體船更快，但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來(lái)也不有趣)”可知，渡輪領(lǐng)航員AndrewReynolds喜歡老式渡船。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.(悉尼的官方歷史學(xué)家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀(jì)70年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過(guò)程中，悉尼把很多它的過(guò)去都拋在了一邊，包括許多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，ShirleyFitzgerald認(rèn)為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.(另一方面，同時(shí)既年輕又古老也有它的魅力。當(dāng)我遇到一位深思熟慮的年輕商人Anthony時(shí)，我考慮到了這一點(diǎn))”以及最后一段“Heisright(他說(shuō)得沒(méi)錯(cuò))”可推知，作者贊同Anthony的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為一座城市可以同時(shí)既年輕又古老。故選A項(xiàng)。七選五解讀七選五解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——社會(huì)與文化——禮儀關(guān)鍵詞diningetiquette,culture,chopstickRules,HandsorUtensils,MakingRequests主旨概要本文介紹了不同國(guó)家的餐桌禮儀語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞etiquetten.禮節(jié)；utensilsn.餐具重難點(diǎn)詞塊surprisesb.with…用……讓某人吃驚；putsth.down放下某物；beparallelwith與……平行；makerequests提出請(qǐng)求；askfor要求；getcaughtdoingsth.被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事寫(xiě)作句型Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.句意：你在任何一個(gè)國(guó)家待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，你就越能適應(yīng)它的外國(guó)文化習(xí)俗。試題分析試題分析ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.___16___.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.___17___.HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.___18___,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests___19___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.___20___,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些外出就餐時(shí)要知道的一些重要事情?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOut(外出就餐時(shí)要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介紹的是外出就餐時(shí)應(yīng)該知道的重要事情。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurant(不要在餐館犯尷尬的錯(cuò)誤)”符合語(yǔ)境，其中“atarestaurant”對(duì)應(yīng)標(biāo)題中的“WhenDiningOut”，同時(shí)引起下文“Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.(知道一些技巧將有助于確保你和朋友或家人一起享受一頓愉快的晚餐——無(wú)論你在世界的哪個(gè)地方)”。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“ChopstickRules”可知，本段主要講述的是使用筷子的規(guī)則。根據(jù)上文“Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.(當(dāng)你在吃的間隙把它們放下來(lái)的時(shí)候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了)”可知，此處講述了正確使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Neverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem(不要把它們筆直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它們時(shí)交叉放置)”講述的也是使用筷子時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)，符合此處語(yǔ)境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“HandsorUtensils(餐具)”可知，本段主要講述的是手和餐具的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上文“InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.(在印度和中東，用左手吃飯被認(rèn)為是非常不禮貌的。法國(guó)人希望你每只手拿一個(gè)餐具吃飯)”及下文“insteadpreferringtousetheirhands(相反更愿意使用他們的雙手)”可知，此處在講述不同國(guó)家就餐時(shí)習(xí)慣使用哪只手的問(wèn)題。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“Mexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensils(墨西哥人認(rèn)為用餐具吃飯是不合適的)”符合語(yǔ)境，與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“MakingRequests”可知，本段主要講述的是用餐時(shí)提請(qǐng)求的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)下文“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.(在葡萄牙，這將是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)檫@向廚師表明你不喜歡他們的調(diào)味技巧。同樣，在意大利，永遠(yuǎn)不要要求在食物中添加額外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些國(guó)家，用餐時(shí)提出要求是很無(wú)禮的。由此可知，G項(xiàng)“Itmayseemlikesimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal(吃飯時(shí)要鹽和胡椒看似很簡(jiǎn)單)”符合此處語(yǔ)境，其中“request”是關(guān)鍵詞，說(shuō)明，在用餐時(shí)提出一些我們看來(lái)很平常的要求在某些國(guó)家是無(wú)禮的。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.(你就會(huì)對(duì)它的外國(guó)文化習(xí)俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此處指在一個(gè)國(guó)家待得越久，就會(huì)越習(xí)慣當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗，且此處是“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，B項(xiàng)“Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry(你在某個(gè)國(guó)家待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng))”符合文意，引出下文。故選B。完形填空解讀完形填空解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型記敘文主題語(yǔ)境人與自然——自然生態(tài)——人與狗狗關(guān)鍵詞dogs,Tilly,Chance,Molly,Flora,cat,Steve主旨概要本文介紹了作者因狗與男士相識(shí)、相知和相愛(ài)原文出處原文發(fā)表于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》2020年5月。原文鏈接：https://www.nytimes,com/2020/05/22/style/modern-love-coronavirus-dog-as-cupid.himl語(yǔ)言知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)詞reservationsn.保留；producev.拿出重難點(diǎn)詞塊keep…atbay不讓……逼近；fallforsb.愛(ài)上某人；bringup提出；muchtoone’sdelight令某人高興的是重難句型分析WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat.（Paragraph2）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。其中主句部分是：Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat；其中that后是賓語(yǔ)從句，且賓語(yǔ)從句由and并列了兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句；從句部分是：WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover。試題分析試題分析Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their___21___wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith___22___.WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I___23___hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwas___24___thathewasananimallover,I___25___thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack___26___,thecat.Thenextweekwe___27___ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour___28___,Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso___29___?Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs._____30_____,Ibegantofallforhim.We_____31_____todate,thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember,Tillyhadanoperationonher_____32_____.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday,andIworriedthatTilly_____33_____climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve_____34_____hishouse.Allworked_____35_____.Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,_____36_____Flora’sspace;SteveandIformedagoodteam_____37_____forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.Ayearlater,muchtomy_____38_____,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI_____39_____himto.That’sonlyforgiving_____40_____tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.21.A.ownershipB.membershipC.companionshipD.leadership22.A.reservationsB.expectationsC.confidenceD.prejudice23.A.fearedB.doubtedC.hopedD.learned24.A.unsatisfiedB.amusedC.terrifiedD.thrilled25.A.predictedB.worriedC.regrettedD.insisted26.A.FloraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly27.A.tiedB.walkedC.bathedD.fed28.A.breathB.balanceC.attentionD.imagination29.A.calmB.sureC.soonD.real30.A.BythewayB.InthatcaseC.ByallmeansD.Inthatmoment31.A.continuedB.decidedC.intendedD.pretended32.A.eyeB.tailC.earD.leg33.A.secretlyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.unwillingly34.A.leftB.soldC.suggestedD.searched35.A.lateB.hardC.fineD.free36.A.emptiedB.respectedC.occupiedD.discovered37.A.lookingB.caringC.waitingD.calling38.A.delightB.creditC.interestD.disadvantage39.A.begB.trustC.needD.aid40.A.toysB.awardsC.foodD.water【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.A27.B28.A29.C30.D31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C36.B37.B38.A39.C40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，作者認(rèn)為你可以從一個(gè)男人對(duì)待他的狗的方式來(lái)了解他很多，作者多年和兩只愛(ài)犬生活在一起，去年開(kāi)始和擁有貓狗的史蒂夫約會(huì)，但有所保留，因?yàn)橐淮五薰窌r(shí)史蒂夫把水給自己的愛(ài)犬喝，作者漸漸對(duì)史蒂夫產(chǎn)生好感，在之后的接觸中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顧作者的愛(ài)犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們的陪伴幾乎足以讓我遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。A.ownership所有權(quán)；B.membership會(huì)員；C.companionship陪伴；D.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。由上文的“Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.(多年來(lái)，我喜歡和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴著作者，讓作者遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：去年，我開(kāi)始約會(huì)，但有所保留。A.reservations保留；B.expectations期望；C.confidence信心；D.prejudice偏見(jiàn)。由下文的“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，遞給我的狗)”和“Ibegantofallforhim(我開(kāi)始愛(ài)上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗時(shí)，因?yàn)槭返俜虬阉o自己的愛(ài)犬喝，作者