財經(jīng)2004年國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)與商務(wù)英語答案

B 利 項下 兩種 DAF是屬 17國際貿(mào)易中真正可以稱為到岸價的價格術(shù)語 某公司出口電冰箱共1000臺，合同和信用證都規(guī)定分批裝運。時有305%的增減。據(jù)此，輕工970三、案例分析題（535由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國唐山發(fā)生，在此之前某外貿(mào)企業(yè)與日商訂有三份煤炭出口合同，合同的商品名稱分別為：4．19833我國某手表A與國外某鐘B貿(mào)易合同。合同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價36萬。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出的表殼為補償產(chǎn)品。約定每只表殼的返銷價格為2，每年返銷9萬只，兩年補償完設(shè)備價款。之后3年，B方每年包銷A方5萬只表殼，價格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳細(xì)列明了B方提供設(shè)備的型號、規(guī)格及質(zhì)量要求，但對補償產(chǎn)品表殼的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及驗收方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽B方要求，A銀行向B方開出了以B方為受益人，總額為36萬的不可撤銷的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A方生產(chǎn)出第一批l萬只表殼，再經(jīng)B方驗收時，B方提出有質(zhì)量問題接受，為此雙方發(fā)生糾紛。10月A方接到該外國一人來函，稱其已接管B方全部財產(chǎn)，要求A方在3個月內(nèi)返還，否則，將以A方銀行的擔(dān)保函，向A方銀行追索36萬。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對待？但卻增加了1500的運費請問，這筆運費應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？(國際商務(wù)英語部分，共75分lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaHeckscher-OhlintheoryonlyemphasesthenaturalresourcesthatacountryisendowedUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequality,ofsuchgoodsbyexperience.High-techproductsrefertonomorethanproductsthatareproducedwithFirmsdependmanlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysa. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthisislow-browesteem.a. b.illi c. d.Productionb. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofa. b. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbuma. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifula.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainsta. b. c. d.DefinethefollowingtermsinsearchformalcustomerforwardverticalinnovationbundledcontractGiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-contextYourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-handspreferred).Hofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences------Masculinityvs.Femininity.(exampleKotler’sdefinitionofproductintermsofthe5levelYourownunderstandingofthedevelopmentinbusinessmanagement參考答案B一、填空題（每空1分，共20分 二、判斷題（每題1分，共20分，正確劃√,錯誤劃答案：1.×2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.×8.×9.×11.×12.×13.×14.×15.√16.×17.√18.19. 20.三、案例分析題（5分，共35分我國對澳大利亞出口1000公噸大豆，國外開來信用證規(guī)定：不允許分批裝運。結(jié)答：這不違約，銀行應(yīng)并經(jīng)同一路線的，即使每套單據(jù)注明的裝運日期不同及/或裝運港、接受地不由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國發(fā)生，在此之前某外貿(mào)企業(yè)與日商訂有三份煤炭出口合同，合同的商品名稱分別為”出免責(zé)要求。答：不可抗力是一項免責(zé)條款，指合同簽訂之后，不是由于合同當(dāng)事人的過失或該外貿(mào)企業(yè)與日商簽訂貿(mào)易合同后，發(fā)生了不可抗力，該企業(yè)可向日商提出免責(zé)困為該企可以在多3．1990年，我國某外貿(mào)公司派遣貿(mào)易小組赴美設(shè)備，雙方在紐約已就設(shè)備規(guī)格、單價、數(shù)量等主要條款達(dá)成口頭協(xié)議。小組離美時向?qū)Ψ奖硎荆鼐┖罂樦坪贤?，由雙方簽字后生效?；鼐┖螅脩舫坊剡M(jìn)出委托，合同無法簽署，信用證也未開出。美方敦促中方履約，否則將在美中方公司。試分析中方公司應(yīng)如何處理此案？理由是什么？答：中方公司可以以合同尚未生效為由，免4．19833月，我國某手表廠A與國外某鐘表公司B簽訂了—份補償貿(mào)易合同。合同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價36萬。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出的表殼為補償產(chǎn)品。約定每只表殼的返銷價格為2，每年返銷9萬只，兩年補償完設(shè)備價款。之后3年，B方每年包銷A方5萬只表殼，價格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳細(xì)列明了B方提供設(shè)備的型號、規(guī)格及質(zhì)量要求，但對補償產(chǎn)品表殼的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及驗收方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽訂后，應(yīng)B方要求，A方請求銀行向B方開出了B方為受益人，總額為36萬的不可撤銷的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A方生產(chǎn)出第一批l萬只表殼，再經(jīng)B方驗收時，B方提出有質(zhì)量問題接受，為此雙方發(fā)生糾紛。10月A方接到該外國一人來函，稱其已接管B方全部財產(chǎn)，要求A方在3個月內(nèi)返還，否則，將以A方銀行的擔(dān)保函，向A方銀行追索36萬。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對待？我方A公司向舊金山B公司發(fā)盤某商品l00公噸，每公噸2400CIF舊金山，收到信用證后兩個月內(nèi)交貨，以不可撤銷即期信用證支付，限三天內(nèi)答復(fù)。第二天收到B公司回電稱：“接受你發(fā)盤，立即裝運”A公司未作答復(fù)，又過了兩天B公司由舊金山花旗銀行開來即期信用證，注明：“立即裝運”，當(dāng)時該商品國際市場價格上漲20%，A公司發(fā)貨，并立即退回了信用證，試問這種做法有無道理，有何依據(jù)？答：這種做法是有道理中“收到信用證后兩個月內(nèi)交貨”的實質(zhì)性條款。對于B公司的還盤，A公司未作答復(fù)，即沒有做出還盤或接受，故合同不成立。B公司開來信用證以后，A公司如不想接受B公司“立即裝運”的條件，必須立即退回信用證，否則，就相當(dāng)于A公司用行動表明了對B公司的發(fā)盤作出接受，合同成立，這時，A公司就不得不履行合同了。青島某出口公司向出口一批蘋果。合同及來證均寫的是三級品，但到發(fā)貨時發(fā)現(xiàn)三級蘋果庫存告罄，于是該出口公司改以二級品交貨，并在上加注：“二級蘋果仍按三級計價”。請問，這種以好頂次的做法是否妥當(dāng)？答：這是不國內(nèi)某公司以CIF紐約的價格條件向出口一批商品，由我方投保一切險及險和險。在貨輪尚未抵達(dá)紐約港前，船方獲悉紐約港正在，不能靠岸卸貨，于是便將應(yīng)卸紐約港的貨物卸在了下一個港口。一個月后，紐約港結(jié)束，貨物又由該港運到紐約港，但卻增加了1500的運費。請問，這筆運費應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？答：這筆運費應(yīng)該由公司負(fù)責(zé)(國際商務(wù)英語部分，共75分I.lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaHeckscher-OhlintheoryonlyemphasesthenaturalresourcesthatacountryisendowedUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.（T）Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.（T）InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.（F）BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequalityofsuchgoodsbyexperience.（F）High-techproductsrefertonomorethanproductsthatareproducedwithFirmsdependmainlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.（T）InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.（T）NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.（F）AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.（T）Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.（F）Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.（d）a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.（d）a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysresulted.（b）a. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthisislow-browesteem.（b）a. b. c. d.Peopleoflow-contextcultureresentintrusions.a. b. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.（a）a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofconsumers.a. b. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbumsales.a. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifulwilderness.a.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainstU.S.a. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchgoods:Goodswhosequalitycanbedetectedbyobservingbeforebuyingthem.Incontrast,experiencegoodsarethosewhosequalitycanonlybeknownbyusingthem.functionalorganizationalstructure:Themostwidelyusedorganizationalstructureintheworldtoday,withseniormanagementatthetop,middleandlowermanagersspreadoutdirectlybelow,andworkersatthebottom.Functionalstructurespromotespecializationofskillsandresources,enhancescareerdevelopmentwithinthespecialty,reducesduplicationofservices,whileontheotherhand,ittendtopromoteroutinetaskswithalimitedorientation.outsourcing:Theconceptoftakinginternal functionsandpayinganoutsidefirmtohandlethem.Outsourcingisdonetosavemoney,improvequality,or resourcesforotheractivities.Outsourcingwasfirstdoneinthedata-processingindustryandhasspreadtoareas,includingemessagingandcallcenters.Outsourcingisthewaveofthefuture.formalsystem:Theofficialwayasystemworksasdescribedinorganizationalation.Aformalsystemrestsonacceptedandfixeddefinitionsofdataandproceduresforcollecting,storing,processing,disseminating,andusingthesedata.Theformalsystemsarestructured,thatis,theyoperateinconformitywithpredefinedrulesthatarerelativelyfixedandnoteasilychanged.customerculture:Aculturethatincorporatescustomersatisfactionasanintegralpartofthecorporatemission,andutilizesanunderstandingofcustomerbehaviorasinputtoallofitsmarketingnsanddecisions.brand:Anameorsymbolusedtoidentifythesourceofgoodsorservices,andtodifferentiatethemfromthoseofothers.Brandingprotectsaseller'sproductsagainstthosemarketedbycompetitorsandimitatorsandhelpsconsumersidentifythequality,consistency,andimageryofapreferredsource.forwardverticalFDI:AformofverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatsellstheoutputsofafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.ForwardverticalFDIismuchlesscommonthanbackwardverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatprovidesinputsforafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.innovationcompatibility:Thisistheextenttowhichaproductisconsistentwithexistingvaluesandpastexperiencesofadopters.Thehistoryofproductfailuresininternationalmarketingisrepletewithexamplesthatwerecausedbythelackofcompatibilityofthenewproductsinthetargetmarket.bundledtechnology:Itreferstocontrolledtechnologythattheowneriswilltotransferonlyaspartofapackage,generallyincludinganownershipinterestintheforeignaffiliateusingthetechnology.Incontrast,unbundledtechnologyismadeavailableindependentoftechnologyr’stotalpackageofresources.contractmanufacturing:Manufacturingonthebasisofacontract.Customassemblypercustomer’srequirements.GiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25【Answer】EdwardT.Hallhassuggestedtheconceptofhighandlowcontextasawayofunderstandingdifferentculturalorientation.Inlow-contextculture,messagesareexplicit;wordscarrymostoftheinformationincommunication.Inahigh-contextculture,lessinformationiscontainedintheverbalpartofamessage,sincemuchmoreinformationisinthecontextofcommunication,whichincludesthebackground,associations,andbasicvaluesoftheIngeneral,high-contextculturesgetalongwithmuchlesslegalpaperworkthanisdeemedessentialinlow-contextcultures.Inahigh-contextculture,a’swordishisorherbond.Thereislessneedtoanticipatecontingenciesandprovideforexternallegalsanctionsinaculturethatemphasizesobligationsandtrustasimportantvalues.Inthesecultures,sharedfeelingsofobligationandhonortaketheceofimallegalsanctions—thustheimportanceoflongandprotractednegotiationsthatneverseemtogettothepoint.Partofthepurposeofnegotiatingfora ahigh-contextcultureistogettoknowthepotentialpartner.Yourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-handspreferred).【AnswerTheconsequencesofglobalizationarefar-reaching.Manyofthechangesbyglobalizationarepresentinguswithnewformsofrisk(manufacturedrisks,environmentalrisks,andhealthrisks).In1992,thedistanceintermsofwealthbetweentheworld'srichestandtheworld'spoorestcountrywasapproximay72to1.In1820,itwasabout3to1.Globalizationseemstobeexacerbatingthesetrendsbyfurtherconcentrating e,wealth,andresourceswithinasmallcoreofcountries.Globalizationisfundamentallyunderminingtheroleofnationalernmentsandproducingaworldorderinwhichtheyarelesscentral.TheWorldTradeOrganizationersarguedthattradeandeconomicglobalizationfurtherconcentratewealthinthehandsofafewwhileincreasingpovertyforthemajorityoftheworld'spopulation.Accordingtotheers, globaltradepavesthewayforlargetransnationalcorporationstoexploitlaborersandthenaturalresourcesinthedevelocountries.Manyareconvincedthattradewillweakentheeconomicpositionofpoorsocietiesbyallowingtransnationalcorporationstooperatewithfewornosafetyandenvironmentalregulations.Commercialinterests,theyclaim,areincreasinglytakingprecedenceoverconcernforhumanwell-Hofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences------Masculinityvs.Femininity.(examplepreferred).【Answer】InHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences,the dimensionismasculinityversusfemininity.AccordingtoHofstede,somesocietiesallowbothmenandwomentotakemanydifferentroles.Othersinsistthatpeoplebehaveaccordingtorigidroles.Whensocietiesmakeasharpdivisionbetweenmaleandfemaleactivities,Hofstedeclaims“thedistributionisalwayssuchthatmentakemoreassertiveanddominantrolesandwomenthemoreservice-orientedandcaringroles”.Underthecategorymasculinityheputssocietiesthatemphasizeassertivenessandtheacquisitionofmoneyandmaterialthings,whiledeemphasizingcaringforothers.Incontrast,underthecategoryfemininityheputssocietiesthatemphasizerelationships,membersputhumanrelationshipsbeforemoneyandareconcernedwiththequalityoflife,preservingtheenvironment,andhelothers.HofstedefoundJapantobethemostmasculinecountry.InJapan,almostallwomenareexpectedtostayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Attheotherextreme,hefoundtheNordiccountriesandtheNetherlandstobethemostfeminine.Thereit’scommontoseemenstayinghomeashousehusbandswhiletheirwiveswork;andworkingmenareofferedpaternityleavetotakecareofnewbor