初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全1復(fù)習(xí)資料

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)大全1.名（(CommonBeijing，China：，1）個(gè)體名詞Individual：2）集體名詞Nouns）：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如family。3）物質(zhì)名詞Nouns）：表示無(wú)air。4）抽象名詞Nouns）：表示動(dòng)：work（CountableNounsUncountable_______________________________________名|個(gè)體||||可|集體|||詞|物質(zhì)||||不||抽象||1.1名復(fù)的則化___________________________________________________讀例詞__________________________________________________-s1.清輔音后/s/;map-maps2./z/;___________________________________________________x等結(jié)尾讀/iz/watch-watches___________________________________________________等結(jié)-s讀___________________________________________________母yy為i再加/z/___________________________________________________1.2其名復(fù)的則化

1)y母ysMarystheHenrys層：storey---storeysstory---stories2)oa.加s，photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：均：/zeroes3)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名a.加s，belief---beliefsroof---roofsgulf---gulfs；b.去f,feves，如half---halvesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---lives；均,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves1.3名復(fù)的規(guī)變1）child---children和woman構(gòu)成的-men和-EnglishmanGerman不是Bowman是Bowmans。2）單復(fù)同形，sheep，，lijin，twolimu，jin:atwodollars;atwo3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，peoplepolicecattle，aacattle，但可以apersonapolicemancattle,theEnglishBritishtheChineseJapanese，the等名詞，Theand4）以a.politics，b.theUnitedtheUnitedNationsTheorganizedin是1945年d."Theainterestingstory-book.<<一千夜是5)表示由兩：)trousers,clothes借助數(shù)量詞pair(對(duì););twotrousers6）其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)貨物水域fishes1.4不數(shù)詞的示

1）物質(zhì)名詞a.：afood.()Thesecakessweet.(可數(shù))b.當(dāng)物Thisfactorysteel.(數(shù)needvarioussteels.()OurcountryTwoteas,please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯2）抽象fourfreedoms四thefour四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化：aglassofpieceofadvice一條建議1.5定名的數(shù)1)：students學(xué)生閱覽talkstable談theforeignlanguages2)woman,gentlemanwomenofficials3)有s結(jié)尾的名，留。：goods(貨車(chē))武產(chǎn)papers4)詞：兩打蛋)ten-miletreesfive-yearplan.achild1.6不國(guó)的的復(fù)稱(chēng)(謂一個(gè)兩ChineseatwoChineseSwissSwisstwoSwiss人AustraliansAustraliantwoAustraliansRussiantwoItaliansItaliantwoaGreekGreeksFrenchatwoJapaneseAmericantwoAmericanstwoGermansaGermansGermansEnglishEnglishmanaSwedes

1.7名的"'s"來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱(chēng)為該名：ateacher's。名1）單數(shù)"有s，也要"'s"，如theboy'sbagroom2）若名尾-s，只加"'"theworkers'struggle工人的斗3）加"'s""名詞+of"的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，如thetitleofthe4）在表：理發(fā)店。5）如果有s，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'示：androomroom（一間）6）復(fù)合，aortwo'sabsence2.冠和詞2.1不定冠詞theArticle），另一種是不定冠詞theIndefiniteArticle），還有一ZeroArticle）。詞詞"一個(gè)"的意思a用[e]則用于做[1)示個(gè)"為one；為Aiswaiting2)。knifeisforcuttingwith.Mr.an3)alittle/few/alot/aofapile/many/many/arule/ina/aminute/ashort/afterwhile/havecold/keepanonofa2.1不冠的法一種是（DefiniteArticle另一種（Indefinite）（ZeroArticle）。詞詞"一個(gè)"的意思a用[e]則用于做[1)示個(gè)"為one；為AMr.iswaiting2)Aknifeisawith.Mr.an3)alittle/few/alot/aofapile/many/many/arule/ina/aminute/ashort/afterwhile/havecold/keepanonofa2.2定詞用

詞與詞，that同有個(gè)"1）特指雙方都明白的人或物Takethemedicine.2）上文提到過(guò)的人或事：Heboughttothehouse.3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物：thethesky，4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類(lèi)事物，如thedollar美元;the狐貍；或the人;theliving5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容very，等前doyoulive?Ithefloor.你I've6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體：Theyaretheteachersschool.師)Theyareteachersofthisschool.()7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名Shemebythearm..她抓8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱(chēng)、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階thePeople'sRepublicof中華9）用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前：Sheplayspiano.她會(huì)the(或婦)inday,themorningthetomorrowthethenexttheskyfield，country)inininmiddle(of),inend,onthethegothe2.3冠的法1)，；2可不用Theyareteachers.他3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；istheof4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特without5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假WegoMondaytoFriday.6）在稱(chēng)呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；TheguardstookAmericanGeneral7）在三餐、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱(chēng)前，不加冠詞如：play8）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞；Ican'twritepenor9）當(dāng)bybybytrain；，，prisonhospital，，table，，church，等個(gè)

gotohospitalgotothehospital去醫(yī)(并)a.b.序數(shù)詞作therace.atfirst,firstto2.4冠與容+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1)raisesawhitecat.Theandthewhiteare2)raisesawhitecat.他2.5冠位1)a.such，what，many，half，Iseenanimal.Manyamanfitforb.當(dāng)名詞前詞so,how,however,enough修飾ItisaasIhaveevershorttime.Toolongquite與單rather，quite前仍有形quited.在though引導(dǎo)Braveamanthoughtremblesthesightofsnakes.2)放在twicethreetimes。Allthestudentsinout.2.6數(shù)

1）基數(shù)詞寫(xiě)法和讀法：345hundredandforty-five；2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：a.與of短用，如scoresofb.在一示排"或"一組"的詞組里；twosandthrees.他們表示"""年代"，用+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；e.在乘法運(yùn)3x5Threefivesisfifteen.first---1st1）倍數(shù)表示法a.主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Iasb.+謂語(yǔ)）+size(amount，Theearthtimesthesizeofthe的主+謂語(yǔ)++Thegrainispercentyearthatofyear.加8%。d.用Theproductionofbeenbyfourtimesthis了2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1時(shí)：1/3one-third3.詞示"、"你、"他""她"、"它"、"我"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表：復(fù)數(shù)主格主格Iusyouyoutheysheherthemititthemmyfriend.It's物

單數(shù)復(fù)第二第三第一第二第三人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)his/heritsouryour/theirmineitsoursyours/theirsIhiscar.ishere，andtheirs

"個(gè)、"這個(gè)、"些"、"等指示概有this，thatthese，those等Thatisagood表示己""你自己""他自己""己"己和"他們自己"為詞"。如：talkingherself.表otheranother兩Theyeachother.他、見(jiàn)的有a11both等，，no-等的合成代詞，anybody，，no中作主語(yǔ)any，nonoDoyoua--你Yes，I--Iknowofthem.有whowhom：Tellmewhohe告訴我他關(guān)，whom，thatas等，用作Heismanwhomyoubeenlookingfor.他就是你3.1稱(chēng)詞用1）人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，例如：waitedwhilebuteventuallyhome.約翰等了一會(huì)兒，最后他回家了。hopedthewouldbeMaryitwas：arrived,tobank.約2）人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，但在口：Ileast,Iit做語(yǔ)，them做介詞，做主語(yǔ)Whobrokethe--誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？Me.--我me做語(yǔ)It'sme.，和分別為sheI

3.2人代之、格替1)a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話(huà)中，當(dāng)人稱(chēng)代詞在后IMe--我也喜歡。wine?--再來(lái)嗎Not--我可不要了。但如。HeistallerthantallerI2)a.詞but，后，有時(shí)b.在電話(huà)用IwishspeaktoMary.--我想和is--我就是瑪麗詞或beIitshe.(主格---主格)Iittoher.(----賓格)Itakenbe(----主格)Theytooktoher.他們把我(格----賓格)3.3代的代題1定代詞everybodynobodyanyone，everyonenowhoeverperson在用he,his,代替。came,he?誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái)嗎2）動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或代替，有he,GivecatsomeSheis3）指代車(chē)或國(guó)家，船舶的名詞，含感情色彩時(shí)常she。3.4并人代的列序1)－>youit->IheIshouldreturntime.2)－>－－>Theya.在ItwasImadeangry.b.在長(zhǎng)，Iandtofinishit.并d.3.5物代

1）物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用，例如：cuthisaonhismine,yours等屬ThecapJack's.HisTheishis.2)a.作：Iyourpen?worksbetter.b.作賓：Imymotherlandlove作shouldIinmytheyours.d.作主ThelifeIhaveyours.It'syours.It's我3.6雙所格an,some,any,no,every,such,another,which：a,this,of+名詞性物主代詞。如：afriendofof3.7反代1）列表Ishehemyselfyourselveshimselfititselfoneself2）做賓bathe,dry,hurt,introduce,behaveWeenjoyedourselvesverymuchlasthelpyourselftofish.請(qǐng)你b.用于及物詞語(yǔ)pridein,with,helptoI(myself)time.有些，up,standwakeup3）作表語(yǔ)beoneself:Itoday.Thethingitselfnot4）在不No(me)ishurt.(錯(cuò))Myselfthe(對(duì))Ithecar.b.但在and,or,連接第是作主Charlesandmyself5）第二人稱(chēng)作賓語(yǔ)，要用反身代詞。Youshouldbeproudyourself.3.8相代

1）相互代詞只有eachother和another兩Itistotheofculturescopiedother.2）相互a.作；Peopleshouldanother.人們應(yīng)當(dāng)b.可作介詞；bark,crow,croaktoeachother.each存在于兩用one?，F(xiàn)代英putallthebooksother.他putallthebooksanother.他Usuallysmallgroupsof加-'s構(gòu)：Theborrowedother'snotes.3.9指代1）//those

：Thisismenmyteachers.isMary.are2)a.作語(yǔ)Thisisthewaydob.Ibetterthan我喜作語(yǔ)Mypointisthis.我d.語(yǔ)Isaytothat.ofthat.那并不可怕。1：(對(duì))Thatteacher.(對(duì))(錯(cuò))this.（this(對(duì))Ithis.。(this)2：That和但this和these不，同those可指人，(對(duì))(對(duì))whobeautiful.他those指(錯(cuò))whodancedwell.that(對(duì))whodancedwell.（指(對(duì))which他（those指物）疑代

1）疑問(wèn)人：whom,whosewhat2）疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前之what,還可：theseondesk?桌上WhatwasthedirectionalflowU.expansion?bookstheseondesk?WhateventstomostoftheofpartofUnitedStates?1：無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞whichwhat所指的范而則WhichdoyouWhatgirlsyoulikebest?你2：Whomwhowho用Who(m)didyouonthestreet?Who(m)areyoutakingthebookToyouspeakonthecampus?用who取3：domostandwork?Whatyoulookingfor?4：疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，例如：Ican'toutdrivingmewhoseisthebed?你能MuchofsayIagreewith,butIthewaywith3.11關(guān)系詞

1）關(guān)系ThegirltoImy中既代表the，又詞to的賓2）關(guān)代詞that限定性人指物格whichthat格whom格whosewhich/whoseofwhich/whoseThisisthewhosepointis)backthebookwhichheforgotten.（指3）關(guān)系詞的saidwhich關(guān)that例I'veforgottentheLatinIonceknew.notman,1）不定代詞有,both,either,neither,few,many,any以some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,none,2）不定a.everyevery和Iit.b.：all的Allwell.allthethewhole但allnight，allthe但習(xí)慣上hour，allcentury。China，thecity，allmylifeway3)a.單數(shù)名詞

b.becanspeakJapanese?Webothcan.4)a.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)b.作定語(yǔ)與但可其謂語(yǔ)。can't，(can)he.與nord.用neither，而不用norIfyoudon'tdoit，I.如果你不e.nor，不neither。nordance，skate.none,any,one,onesnone無(wú)1)none與ofnoneof。在答中，none可單獨(dú)使用。AretherepicturesontheNone.2)noneItisnoneofbusiness.、一些，少few作主語(yǔ)時(shí)、一1)2)做"一"（Youwillbesorryday.Acertain(some)hasseenyoubreaktherule.某些人不同意你的看法。：用代替any。用于其他中a.肯：Wouldyoulikeb.Ifneedsomehelp，letknow.分studentshaven'tbeend.當(dāng)否，some可用否定Iheardfromsomeofoldfriends、一1)any多用，any可Herenovels.Youmayreadany.、one,為必some,ones。Haveyouboughtrulers?I'vebought代比辯one，thatit

one和iti。Ican'tmyIIbuyone.(定)ThehatyouisthanthatI(同個(gè))Ican'tfindmyhat.ItknowIit.()one…r，another…others，others…others=people/thingsothers=rest剩余1)用another。2)(物)，用用other。3)用one，另一個(gè)one，第三用other，a。4)/物，剩余的全部theothers。5)用others。用thewhohelptheoneofstudentswho與students一與anyone/anyone；1．a(chǎn)nyoneanyone僅指，anyone2．noonenonea)of短no只單b)而no作ofyouliftit.你們callmeupjustnow?--剛才嗎No--沒(méi)3．1)everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)Everystudentworkshard.haveone2)every個(gè))，指兩個(gè)3)every。each可Everystudenttoboytotheboyshas4)every不，each5)everyeverytwoweeks等each6)every連和not連

Everyhonest.nothonest.這either,all,1)(兩者)個(gè)(兩者都不)。Neitheroftwo兩2)both，，與單數(shù)連Bothoftwoboysisclever.兩flowersofstreet.(兩岸flowerseitherthe邊)路邊長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了野花。3)all(所有的，全部的人或物)，(任何個(gè)none(都不以上詞使用范圍為。Allthegone.Idon'tlikeofflowers.Ithe：allnone用Allof。Allthemany,Many，"許多"，many+可，+HowmanyattheHowmuchweleft?Manyoftheatthemeeting.Muchoflearningalittle(a)few詞,(a)+不可數(shù)名a/few/few他有幾個(gè)few

Westill我們還有timeleft.幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么題:Althoughhe'sonA.littleB.fewC.D.few用littlea本句為引導(dǎo)用配:onlyfew(=few)afew(=many)quitefew(=many)aManybooksweresold.Manyasold.賣(mài)4.形詞副詞

4.1形容詞及說(shuō)通常，1)直接說(shuō)明以：hot熱2)敘述形容以a開(kāi)的形illman.（對(duì)）manisill.Sheisanafraidgirl.對(duì)girliswell，ill，alive，alone，等。3）形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是-thing為：somethingnice4.1形詞其法通1)直接說(shuō)明以：hot熱2)敘述形容以a開(kāi)的形HeisanillThemanisill.SheisanThegirlafraid.well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，，asleep，3）形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是-thing為nice4.2以-結(jié)的容1大部加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞friendlydeadlylovelylikelylively，brotherly，：(錯(cuò)）She（錯(cuò)）spoketomefriendly.HerwasHespoketofriendlyway.2）有些以ly結(jié)。daily，，earlyTheTimesisdailyThepublisheddaily.4.3用容表類(lèi)和體1）某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人如deadtheliving，therich，，theblind，thelosing2）有關(guān)theBritish，theEnglish，F(xiàn)rench，Thewonderfulofhumor.4.4多形詞飾詞順

詞--數(shù)詞--(大色)--出處--材-asmallroundgraybuildingaoldshirtaGermanschoolanexpensiveJapanese題:1）Tonygoingcamping___A.littletwoB.twootherC.otherD.othertwo：C。由"限定---描繪詞--(大小色)--名詞"的公符2)OnetheythetheA.oldChineseB.ChinesestoneoldstoneChineseoldA.色源途+國(guó)家3)----HowyourrecentQingdao?Itwasvisitedfriendsandthe___daysattheA.fewB.lastfewfewD.fewsunnyB詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后+性狀形容體those+three+beautiful++square舊色籍料+名詞old+++table4.4個(gè)容修名的序詞--數(shù)詞--(大色)--出處--材-asmallroundgraybuildingoldshirtaGermanschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar題:1）Tonygoingcamping___A.littletwoB.twootherC.otherD.othertwo：C。由"限定---描繪詞--(大小色)--名詞"的公符2)OnetheythetheA.oldChineseB.ChinesestoneoldstoneChineseold案A.色源地途家3)----HowyourrecentQingdao?Itwasvisitedfriendsandthe___daysattheA.fewB.lastfewfewD.fewsunnyB本一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞

詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后+性狀形容體those+three+beautiful++square舊色籍料+名詞old+++table4.5副及基用：1）。2）在動(dòng)詞3）多個(gè)：a.大Wecouldseeveryclearlyaheadofus.b.方式副詞wellbadly糟、，等只放在speaksEnglishwell.1）時(shí)間2）方式and或等連3）多個(gè)度點(diǎn)+式詞very：(錯(cuò)I(對(duì))Imuch.詞要放詞enoughIdon'tknowhimenough.eat.foodeat.4.6兼兩形的詞1)close與closely是"近"；closely是仔細(xì)"sittingclosetome.him2)late與lately是晚"；lately是近"Youcometoolate.lately?3)deep與意思是"，"深深地"stickthedeeplybyfilm.4)與highlyhigh表示空間高；于TheplaneflyingIthinkhighlyopinion.5)widewide意"廣泛地"，"在許方openedwide.Englishiswidelytheworld.6)free與freelyfree是"；freely是地"Youeatfreeinwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;like.4.7形詞副的較

級(jí)即較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不1)-er，比較級(jí)的)tallertallest加-er,-estgreat(巨大的greatest的enice(好的large(大的)largest-le結(jié)尾的ablest加-r,-stbig(大)biggerbiggesthot熱的)加-"以輔音字y"easy(容易)easiest，)busierbusiestyi-er，以-clever(聰明的narrow(的)narrower加-important(的)more，importanteasily(容易地)

moreeasily2)最good()/better的)bad(壞)/worstill(有病)old(的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many()少的)leastfar(遠(yuǎn))farther/furtherfarthest/furthest4.8as形容詞副原+

1）在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用…so/asasyou.2）當(dāng)as+形容詞as+名詞ThisisgoodanexampletheIcarryasmuchpaper3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放的前Thisroombigasthatroomthesameas4)數(shù)數(shù)then+ThisbridgeistimesaslongThisbridgeistimesthelengthofthatone.roomroomsizeof4.9比級(jí)容或詞+YoutallerI.Theyyourroombrightasthose1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)(錯(cuò))Heisbrother.(對(duì))cleverthanhis對(duì)Heiscleverhisbrother.2）要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中(錯(cuò))thatanycountryinAsia.(對(duì)thanothercountriesinAsia.3）要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。ThepopulationofShanghaithanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertoplanthantoitout.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時(shí)候，前面才有可能：orWhichisthelargerorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetalleroftwo可飾較的1）abit,arather,far,byfar,lot,lots,adeal,still,等2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)。3）以上(除byfar)外，必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。題:1）Arefeeling____?Yes，I'mfinenow.A.anyanybetterD.better：any，quite修，well的比較級(jí)better.2）A.moreB.moreC.more：C.此BC但本身需C為3）Ifnoweshouldhaveatschool.A.thetimeB.amoreC.happiesttimeD.atime：D。many,old

1)more+不可數(shù)名詞more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2)old式:和elder/eldest。eldest只用于兄Myisengineer.Maryistheeldestofthe3)far有，further.，father表示，further表示。Ihavenothingfurthertothe+最級(jí)+比范1)thebiggestdesertinthe，副詞最高級(jí)前詞most前有"非"。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itproblem.()Tomthebrothers.()Tomthetallestofthethree2)byfar,almostThisis/almostthebiggest.：a.very可修飾與Thisistheisbest.b.序數(shù)。isthesecond3)isthemostintelligenthisismorethanotherstudentsinhisclass.4)"否定詞語(yǔ)級(jí)"，"否語(yǔ)+as"結(jié)Nothingeasyasthis.=Nothingthanthis.=Thistheeasiest和關(guān)詞…就Theharder，you'll2)morethanA說(shuō)A不BAlazyslowhisisslowthanwork.…與…一…，比Theofficialsnomorethanthe……與…樣…Heislessdiligentyou.4)morethanSheismoreto題）weatherinChinafrom____.A.inAmericaB.C.AmericaD.thatinAmericaD.為"比較