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考博作文資料背誦版(考試后整理)第一部分:寫作的基本類型1.?體育類:competition,stamina,victory,glory,honor,achievement,dedication2. 工作類:cooperation,commitment,devotion,talent,ability,?3.?環(huán)保類:environment,resources,ecologicalbalance,speciesextinction,4.?傳媒:electronicmedia,on-lineaddict,communication,?5. 老年人:elders,seniorcitizens,retiredpeople ?6.?交通方式:meansoftransportation,publictransit,trafficjams,accidents7. 娛樂:entertainment,diversion,recreation,leisureactivities,arelaxedlife8. 教育:educat(yī)ion,sustainabledevelopment9.?文化:culture,convention,tradition,integrity,wisdom,intelligence,heritage第二部分基本策略第一個(gè)模板策略1:支持或者反對(duì):There’sasolidreasonforthestatementthat重要/獲益/有害/不獲益次段:因素/舉例:Clearly,asIcanseeit,主題詞playsakeyrole(threatenstodomoreharmthangood)inoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportance(threat)inoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreason(example)isthatwearemorelikelyto延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralposition(potentialthreat)of主題詞cannotbeignored.三段:讓步比較/建議整改:Somepeoplemightpointoutthat(yī)延伸,hencetheconclusionthat延伸.Evensuchpossibilityexists,itdoesn’truncountertothestatementthat第二段觀點(diǎn).Suchaconclusionmightbeconservative,butitismorerealistic,persuasiveandconvincing.四段:整改措施:Inthisissue,researchersandexpertsaresupposedtotakeconcretesteps:whateverapproachtheytake,afee(cuò)dbackmechanismiscentralofallthings.Foranotherthing,journalistsareobligedtoremindpeopleofthecentralpositionof主題詞andthepotentialharmof主題詞.Asforthecitizens,itisimportantforthemtowatchoutforthemisconducts,extendingtheirhelpinghandsandfosterrationalvalues.Butthebestpolicyforthemistolearnself-control.修正了的第二個(gè)模板策略2:既不支持、也不反對(duì):Tosimplifytheissuethatwhetherweshould…,onehastotaketwoaspectsintoconsiderationandgivee(cuò)achofthemdueat(yī)tention,oneofthembeing名詞,theotherbeing名詞.次段:因素舉例:Clearly,asIcanseeit,主題詞playsakeyroleinoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportanceinoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreasonisthatwearemorelikelyto延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralpositionof主題詞cannotbeignored.三段:平衡比較:Despitethestatementthat(yī)總結(jié)第二段,there’retwothingstonote.Onepossibility(example)isthat(yī)延伸.Theother(instance)isthat延伸.Somereadersmightthinkthattheyareexceptions,buttheydoexistinoursocietyandequallydeserveourat(yī)tention.四段:Tosumup,itcanbeconcludedthat(yī)while第三段觀點(diǎn),第二段觀點(diǎn).Suchaconclusionmightbeconservat(yī)ive,butitismoreconvincing,realisticandpersuasive.第三部分:第二段和第三段的寫作思緒1)重要有害要重視;2)掙錢省時(shí)擔(dān)責(zé)任;3)方便快捷要安全;4)娛樂要注意健康;5)幫助別人成就自我;6)遵守法律和道德;7)發(fā)展兼顧文化環(huán)境第四部分延伸句寫作延伸句的基本理念:?There’re,ofcourse,fivegroundswithwhichapassageiscensured,thatis,itisimpossible,irrational,inconsistent,immoralandtechnicallyatfault.?? ? ? ? ? ?? ?-Aristotle 一篇文章受到質(zhì)疑,共有五大因素:不也許、不合理、不一致、不道德、技術(shù)上有缺陷。 ? ?? ? ?? ?-亞里斯多德寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)1:盡量單點(diǎn)延伸,不要什么都說,沿著“態(tài)度-行為-結(jié)果-影響”模式展開。寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)2:容易不要吐露“利大于弊”這類說法,這樣會(huì)帶來更多的模板背誦。寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)3:實(shí)證寫作,二三段內(nèi)容具體,最沒有模板痕跡。寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)4:注意以下題材:1)時(shí)尚、2)廣告、3)環(huán)境Moneyisimportant,andthenmanypeoplegiveprioritytoitsrole.Bydoingso,they(always/sometimes/hardly/seldom)行為延伸workintheirsparetimeandmakegoodmoney.Foranotherthing,itispossibleforthemtopayfortheirlivingcost. ? ?延伸句寫作的說法態(tài)度→行為→結(jié)果→影響一、掙錢物質(zhì)(選三)(養(yǎng)老、兼職工作)benefitgreatly(little)from主題詞becauseitsrewardishuge.可以從中獲益,由于它的回報(bào)巨大obtain(purchase)somenecessitiessuchas(including)foodandclothes得到食品衣服beshelteredfrombadweatherordanger有地方住,能不受天氣困擾,不受傷害Aseconomyimproves,morepeoplecanearnhandsomesalaryandobtainwell-paidpositions,enjoyapaidvacation.掙得豐厚的收入、得到好工作、享受帶薪假期affordtheirlivingcostsuchashousing(roomrent房租),privatecars,tuitionfee,gas,carrepair,andmedicalcare:承受生活開銷,例如買得起房(承受得起房租)車、上得起學(xué)、能修車(承受得起修車費(fèi))、能買油(承受得起油錢)、看得起病improvetheirlivingstandards改善生活水平,lead(live)aneasy,comfortableandpeacefullife過上舒適的生活,enjoytheirlat(yī)eyears安享晚年tradeone’shonorfordirtymoney為錢失去尊嚴(yán),breakacompany’s(national)rules違法亂紀(jì),leakthebusinesssecretstothecompetitors不向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手泄露商業(yè)機(jī)密,risktheirlivesformoney為了金錢鋌而走險(xiǎn)二、時(shí)間(選一)(娛樂、上網(wǎng)、專職兼職工作、疲勞駕駛、酒后駕駛)Theyoccupymuchtimethatshouldhavebee(cuò)nspent(invested)ontheir(work)academicstudies占用很多本來應(yīng)當(dāng)花在學(xué)業(yè)上的時(shí)間stayuplateandneithersleepregularhoursnoreatsensibly熬夜、睡眠、飲食不規(guī)律Youngstersseldomconcentrateontheiracademicstudies學(xué)習(xí)精力不集中haveahardtimefinishingtheirassignment沒有時(shí)間完畢學(xué)業(yè)failtofollowupthecourses學(xué)習(xí)跟不上graduallylosetheirmotivationtopursuestudy失去學(xué)習(xí)愛好getpoortestresults考試不及格indulgeincomputergames沉溺于電腦游戲,liveinaworldfulloffantasies生活在充滿虛幻的世界里,escapefromreality逃避現(xiàn)實(shí),feellonely,beisolatedfromreality感到孤獨(dú),脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)havelittletimetostaywiththeirfamiliesorsocialize沒有時(shí)間和家人呆在一起eitheridletheirtimeorwastemuchmoney:花費(fèi)時(shí)間、浪費(fèi)金錢,neithermakethemostoftheirsparetimenorearnenoughmoney既沒有充足運(yùn)用時(shí)間、也沒有掙多少錢theyfeeldizzy,sufferfromheadache(backache),andhavedimsights頭暈、頭疼、視線模糊,becomedistractedandlessmotivated走神兒、萎靡不振、積極性不高,havelittletimetoreact沒有時(shí)間反映三、責(zé)任(養(yǎng)老、公務(wù)員考試、反腐倡廉)Whenwe’reyoung,parentsbringhomebreadandbacon養(yǎng)家糊口(supportafamily),bringup(raise/nourish)thechildren養(yǎng)育子女Whenthey’reaging,weareobligedtotakecareofthem養(yǎng)老,respecttheeldersandlovetheyoung.尊老愛幼,setanexamplefortheyoungergeneration為年輕一代做出表率Theyareavoidingtheirdutiesandshiftthemtootherpeople.逃避責(zé)任,并把責(zé)任推卸給別人。keepsocialorder,維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序upholdsocialjustice,捍衛(wèi)社會(huì)正義exposesocialevils,揭露社會(huì)邪惡crackdowncrimes:打擊犯罪respecttheoldandlovetheyoung,尊老愛幼practicefilialpiety,恪守孝道blessthegoodandpunishthee(cuò)vil,賞善罰惡protectthepropertyofthecitizens保護(hù)市民人身安全和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全safeguardthelegalrightsofcitizens捍衛(wèi)公民的合法權(quán)益servethecitizenswithheartandsoul全心全意為市民服務(wù)shouldertheresponsibilityinsteadofshiftingthemtoothers承擔(dān)責(zé)任providearangeofsocialservicessuchasmedicalinsuranceandlowincomesupport提供社會(huì)保障donat(yī)efood,clothesandmoneytothepeopleindifficulty.向陷入困境的人們捐獻(xiàn)食品、衣服和金錢comfortpeoplewithgreetingandblessing給絕望的人以鼓勵(lì)和祝福financiallysupportachildtofurtherhiseducat(yī)ion幫助一個(gè)貧困兒童繼續(xù)上學(xué)assistthedisadvantagedgroupssuchasthepoor,thehomeless,thedisabledandtheseniors.幫助弱勢(shì)群體四、方便:convenience,efficiency,entertainment(傳媒:網(wǎng)絡(luò)、手機(jī)、電視、報(bào)刊雜志、E-book)sendandreceiveE-mails收發(fā)信件playcomputergamesorchaton-line網(wǎng)上聊天haveanon-lineconference開網(wǎng)上會(huì)議,shop-online網(wǎng)購(gòu)haveaneasyaccesstoobtain/downloadawealth(bulk)ofup-to-date(fresh/latest)informationfromsocialhighlights,breakingnewstoentertainmentsthroughGoogleandBaidu;通過谷歌和百度得到大量信息,涉及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、爆炸性新聞和娛樂login,typeinourpasswords,accountnumber,andthenorderourfavoritegoodssuchasbooks,foods,andclothes.登錄、輸入密碼和帳號(hào),訂購(gòu)喜歡的商品如書籍、食品和衣服haveaneasyaccessto(download)Americansitcoms,(Hollywood)movies,on-linecoursesofHarvard,YaleandStanford,CNNon-linenews,audioandvideoprograms.網(wǎng)上新聞、音頻、視頻followupthebreakingnews(scientificdevelopment)aroundtheworld跟蹤世界熱點(diǎn)新聞beturnedintofreshmen,精力充沛、calmtheirnerveandrestoretheirsouls放松、恢復(fù)活力ThroughMSN,speedupcommunication,promotemutualunderstanding,shrinkthedistancebetweenindividuals(people)加快溝通、促進(jìn)互相了解、拉近彼此的距離speedupcommunicationwithotherpeople,removethebarrier,enlargefriendcircle,extendtheirinformationsources,turnourselvesintofreshmen.?dāng)U大朋友圈、擴(kuò)大信息源,網(wǎng)上聊天改善市民們間的溝通,消除了他們之間的障礙Thoughseldomdowemeettheleaderofacountry,participateinawarortraveltotheMoon,wecanstillobservesuchexperiencesthroughthephotosorlivereportsfromInternet.盡管我們沒有碰到過國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、參戰(zhàn)或者去月球旅行,我們?nèi)匀豢梢酝ㄟ^圖片和網(wǎng)上的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道觀測(cè)到這種經(jīng)歷。五、快捷:(交通、城鄉(xiāng)差距、要會(huì)說“很方便”)Convenience,efficiency,entertainmentWecanhaveaneasyaccesstoarichselectionofgoodsinashoppingmall,whilewithintenminutes,wecanreachacinemaonlytwostreetsawayfrommyhome.我們可以在商城里有豐富的商品可選;只需要十分鐘,我們就能到達(dá)離家兩街之隔的電影院。Wecanarriveat(yī)acyberbarwithinaten-minutewalk.AndwecansipacupofBlackiceinaStarbuck.只要十分鐘步行就能到達(dá)一家網(wǎng)吧,可以在一家星巴克里飲用咖啡。Usuallyacityiswellequippedwithpostoffices,medicalcenters,schoolsandkindergardens.SoitisconvenientforacitydwellertocallEMS,haveaneasyaccesstomedicalcareortendtheirchildren.城市里有醫(yī)療中心、郵局、學(xué)校、幼兒園,很容易就能叫特快服務(wù),醫(yī)療條件好,能照顧孩子。Acityisaplacewheremanyhighereducationalinstitutionsconcentrate.Theyprovidecitydwellerswithbettereducationalopportunities.在城市里面有很多高等教育機(jī)構(gòu),他們?yōu)槌鞘芯用裉峁┒喾N教育機(jī)會(huì)。Manymuseumsarelocatedinacityandprovideaculturalsettingformanyvisitors.Peoplecanexpandtheiroutlookandextendtheirknowledgethere.城市里面還坐落著很多博物館,提供應(yīng)來訪者良好的文化氛圍中,人們?cè)谀抢锟梢蚤_闊眼界、增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)。obtainmanyjobopportunities,earnhandsomesalary,obtainawell-paidposition得到工作機(jī)會(huì)、獲得豐厚收入、找到好職位六、安全(旅游的注意事項(xiàng)、行車安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò))feelovertiredordizzy,sufferfromheadacheandhaveadimsight過度勞累、感到頭暈、頭疼、視線灰暗evenfallsleepwhiledriving開車時(shí)睡著了cannotconcentrateontheirdrivingbehaviorsandtheemergencyonthehighway.開車精神不集中,不能注意公路上的緊急情況。Whentheywakeup,theycanhavelittletimetoreact沒有時(shí)間做出反映comeoffthetrackwhiledriving串道collidewithothervehicles其他車輛產(chǎn)生碰撞damagethevehiclesoftheirownandputotherpeople’slivesingravedanger,orviceversa毀壞車輛、人身安全受到威脅plungeintoatotallystrangeenvironment進(jìn)入陌生環(huán)境(對(duì)什么都不習(xí)慣)、beoverchargedatawholesalemarket(atanoutlet/atanon-lineshop.)在批發(fā)市場(chǎng)挨宰Hotelreservationsorflightsaresometimescancelled,buttheclerksgivenoexplanation.航班、旅館預(yù)訂被取消,但是工作人員不解釋getstuckintheairportbecauseofbadweatherordelayedflights由于航班延誤和壞天氣導(dǎo)致機(jī)場(chǎng)滯留watchoutforfoodpoisoning,robbery,theft,警惕食品中毒、搶劫、盜竊safeguardburglar,deceptionorfinancialfraud.警惕入室盜竊、詐騙和金融詐騙Sometimessomehackerswillbreakintoourcomputersystem(on-linebank),stealourpersonalinformation,passwordsandaccountnumbers.黑客闖入電腦并盜取密碼leak(giveout)theirpersonalinformationsuchasID,cellphonenumbersandaddress泄露個(gè)人信息,如身份證、手機(jī)號(hào)碼、住址,exposetheirprivacytothespotlight隱私曝光,puttheirpropertyandpersonallivesingravedanger(騙錢騙色)將自身財(cái)產(chǎn)、隱私和生命處在巨大的危險(xiǎn)中beinvadedbysomecomputerviruses(ahacker),oursystemwibablycrash,Someimportantfileswillbedeleted.病毒侵入電腦、癱瘓系統(tǒng)、文獻(xiàn)被刪除Sometimeswhenyourordergoodsfromawebsite,youoftenfindthatthedeliveredproductsdon’tmeetyourrequirements(thedeliveredgoodsarenotuptoyoustandards).當(dāng)你從網(wǎng)頁上訂貨時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)送來的商品不合乎你的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Wo(hù)rsestill,yousoonfindthatitisbarelypossibleforyoutocancelyourorder,rejecttheproducts,askforfullamountofrefundorlodgeacomplianttotheConsumersAssociation.更糟糕的是,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎不也許取消訂貨或者不要這個(gè)商品、規(guī)定全額退款或者去消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)投訴。七、娛樂方式(娛樂、教育、旅游、養(yǎng)寵物、時(shí)尚)炫富strollonthemainstree(cuò)t逛街、gowindowshopping只看不買,gohiking,singsongsatKTV,orclimbahills遠(yuǎn)足、慢跑idletimeandgetawayfromone’sdailygrind打發(fā)時(shí)間、從無聊的生活中解脫出來Itcanbroadenone’sviews,whileitcanalsoextendhisknowledge,enrichhisexperienceanddrawonexperiencesfromotherpeople.開闊眼界、增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)、豐富閱歷,從別人那里吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)onecanavoidspiritsink避免精神頹廢getawayfromone’sdailygrind擺脫無聊生活,calmone’snerve放松andmeetnewfriends(enlargefriendcircle)結(jié)識(shí)新朋友Manyotheropinionsareavailable.Forexample,theycanjog,swimorcircle,whiledinnersandpartiescanbringpeopletogether,promotingmutualunderstandingbetweenpeople.慢跑、旅游、騎自行車,遠(yuǎn)足和晚會(huì)能促進(jìn)彼此之間的了解demonstrateone’spersonalitysuchashobbies,tastesandpassion展示個(gè)性、如愛好、品味和激情leadthevanguardspirit引領(lǐng)前衛(wèi)精神炫耀名牌產(chǎn)品:showofftheirbrandnames滿足虛榮心:sat(yī)isfytheirvanity,引發(fā)公眾的眼球效應(yīng)sparkeyeballeffectsamongthegeneralpublic形成攀比kee(cuò)pupwithJoneses(浪費(fèi)資財(cái)squandertheir(parents’)wealth(兼顧另一個(gè)主題詞“啃老”)沒有展示出健康向上的個(gè)性:failtodemonstratetheirtalents,vigorandwisdom(沒有展示出才藝、活力和智慧)缺少品味:lackinspiritualandaesthetic(artistic)qualities精神空虛:revealtheirspiritualwasteland八、身心健康(健康、吸煙、養(yǎng)老、體育健身活動(dòng))Thebreatheinfreshair,drinkcleanwater,baskinthebrightsunshineoreatcleanfood,呼吸新鮮空氣、飲用干凈水,沐浴陽光下,吃干凈食品,whileyoucanenjoyaquietsettingandenlargefriendcircle.享受安靜的環(huán)境,擴(kuò)大朋友圈avoidovereatingandoverdrinking避免暴飲暴食sleepregularhoursandeatsensibly睡眠規(guī)律、飲食規(guī)律keepawayfromliquorsanddrugs遠(yuǎn)離酒精和毒品stretchoutourlimbs,turnaroundournecks,andhopinplace,beturnedintofreshmen伸展四肢、扭扭脖子、原地跳一跳、也會(huì)精力充沛peoplecankeepfitphysicallyandmentallybyjogging,swimmingorplayingbasketball通過慢跑、游泳和打籃球保持身體健康Inagym,wecanbuildup(shape)one’sbodybysit-ups,pull-ups,push-ups,ropeskipping,weightliftingandYuga.仰臥起坐、引體向上、俯臥撐、跳繩、舉重、瑜伽liveanormallifeinordertoavoidover-exhaustion,headacheandinsomnia避免過度疲勞、頭疼和失眠Byjogging,swimmingorplayingbasketball,peoplecanpreventheartattacks,hypertension(highbloodpressure),pneumonia,diabetesorobesity,etc.通過慢跑、游泳和打籃球,人們可以防止心臟病、高血壓、肺炎、糖尿病、肥胖癥peoplecan(not)keepfitphysicallyandmentallyandrelievetheirpressure可以緩解壓力、焦急和壓抑,extendlifespan.延年益壽九、幫助別人wecan,onabus,giveourseattoanelder(asenior)oranexpectantmother讓座orshowthewaytoaforeigntraveler指路providefood,clothesandmoneytothepeopleindifficulty.給困難的人食品、衣服和金錢donatebloodtoadyingpatient獻(xiàn)血comfortpeoplewithblessings用祝福給別人以安慰financiallysupportapoorchildtofurtherhiseducat(yī)ion.助學(xué)兒童assistthedisadvantagedgroupssuchastheold,thepoor,thehomelessandthedisabled.救助弱勢(shì)群體securetheirfoodandshelter保證他們的食品和住處,obtainmaterialsupport,mentalcomfort,orspiritualbackup.別人可以得到物質(zhì)支持、情感撫慰和精神支柱winthebestregardfromthosepeople贏得對(duì)方的好感和愛戴bridgethegapbetweenpeople,removethebarrier,rescuethemfromagravedanger,walkoutoftheirdifficulty,消除彼此隔閡、幫他們走出困境buildaharmonioussociety,fitintoaharmonioushumanrelationship融入(共建)和諧社會(huì)becomemoreoptimistic,courageousandself-confident自信darechallenges面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)十、自我成就1.comeupwithpressure(stress),challenges,andhardship(failure/frustrations/setbacks)workhard(together)andsticktoagoal努力學(xué)習(xí)、堅(jiān)持不懈readextensively,accumulateworkingexperience,drawonexperiencefromotherpeople.博學(xué)強(qiáng)記、積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、從別人那里吸取有用(有益)的東西thinklogically,creativelyandindependently邏輯思維、發(fā)明思維、獨(dú)立思考fosteranalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities培養(yǎng)分析解決問題的能力beadmittedtoacollege上大學(xué)obtainawell-paidposition得到一個(gè)薪酬豐厚的職位accumulate(buildup/increase)one’swealth積累財(cái)富improvetheirskills改善技能hold(grab/grasp)fastopportunities把握機(jī)會(huì)shapefuture,shouldertheresponsibility,furthertheircause把握未來、承擔(dān)責(zé)任、開展事業(yè)Itcancultivatetalent,confidenceandself-worth.培養(yǎng)能力、信心、自尊Theycanobtainwealthandattainsocialstatus.Throughyourhelp,theycanbecomeself-confident,courageous,motivatedandoptimistic.積累財(cái)富、得到社會(huì)地位、變得自信、勇敢、積極和樂觀acquireknowledge,improvestatusquo,fitinto(adaptto)acompetitivesociety獲得知識(shí)、改變現(xiàn)狀、適應(yīng)社會(huì)Tobesuccessful,onehastostartfromverybeginning.從基層做起keepgraceunderpressure.鎮(zhèn)定自若alwayssetagoalandachieveit.永遠(yuǎn)設(shè)立目的和完畢目的darechallengesandovercomedifficulty迎接挑戰(zhàn)、克服困難十一、道德方向Inordertoearnmoreprofit,replacegenuinegoodswithfakeones.以次充好breakrulesorregulat(yī)ions違法亂紀(jì),bed-peddlesomeout-of-dateproducts.兜售過期產(chǎn)品theyexaggeratethesizeandfunctionofaproduct,夸大產(chǎn)品尺寸和功能reducethecostanddriveupitsprices:減少成本、炒作價(jià)格spread(disseminate)misleadinginformationagainstitscompetitors,leadtoviciouscompetition,runcountertotheessenceofvirtuouscompetition散布不利于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的誤導(dǎo)信息,引起惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng),這與良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的精髓背道而馳bringthemarketintodisorderandcheatmoneyoutoftheconsumers.市場(chǎng)陷入混亂,從消費(fèi)者那里騙取了很多錢財(cái)Thepricegoesup,butthequalityofgoodsisworsening.Sotheseattemptsharmtheinterestofconsumers.物價(jià)上漲、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降、傷害了消費(fèi)者的利益。Onceconsumersfindthemselvescheated,theywillcertainlyresistthegoods.Finally,thesecompanieswilllosemoremoney,ortheirbusinesswillprobablyfail.一旦消費(fèi)者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被欺騙,他們會(huì)抵制產(chǎn)品,你會(huì)虧損更多的錢、或者破產(chǎn)十二、文化encounterlanguagebarrierandcultureshock遭遇語言障礙、文化不適應(yīng)loseculturalheritageandculturalidentity失去文化遺產(chǎn)和文化認(rèn)知(根)bediscriminatedonthebasisofrace,colorsandreligion由于種族、膚色和宗教受到歧視witnessthewisdomandcreativityoftheancientworkingpeople/ancestors見證了古代人民的智慧和發(fā)明力(祖先)regarditasthesumtotalofwisdomthatbelongstoaparticularethnicgroup.民族智慧結(jié)晶boastitselfoftheaestheticvaluesanditsimposingstyleintheworld以其美學(xué)價(jià)值和富麗堂皇的風(fēng)格聞名于世winbestregardsfrompeoplefromfarandwide贏得世界各地人民的敬仰standforthetraditionsandconventionsofthelocalpeople體現(xiàn)本地的傳統(tǒng)和習(xí)俗attractmillionsoftravelersandbringrevenuetoourcountry.吸引著上千萬的游客,為國(guó)家?guī)泶罅渴杖雙rotectitasanelementoftraditionalculture傳統(tǒng)文化要素preserveitasasymbolofculturalheritage文化遺產(chǎn)象征helppeopletreat(yī)theworldwithbenevolence,confidence,andtolerance.教給人們用寬容和自信看待世界improvemutualunderstandingandremovethebarrierbetweencountriesandpeoples.增進(jìn)國(guó)與國(guó)之間的了解、消除隔閡enhancefriendlytiesandbringharmony,peaceegritytotheworld.增強(qiáng)國(guó)與國(guó)的友誼、給世界帶來和諧與和平serveasthecatalysttotheeconomicgrowthandculturaldevelopment.做經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的催化劑十三、環(huán)保(什么行為是人們可以控制的、什么是人們不能控制的)litterleftovers,bottles,plasticbags,lunchboxes,andcans;pollutewat(yī)er,makestreetssmellyandairchoking亂扔剩飯剩菜、瓶子、塑料袋、飯盒和罐頭盒、污染水源、使街道變臟變臭driveprivatecarstoincreasecarbonemission.(takepublictransporttoreducecarbonemission)駕駛私人汽車,導(dǎo)致碳的增長(zhǎng)huntwildanimals(clearcutforests,over-exploitthenaturalresources)foreconomicreturn,leadtotheextinctionofsomerarespecies獵殺野生動(dòng)物(濫砍濫伐)獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào),導(dǎo)致一些珍奇物種的滅絕Peopleboosttheirindustrialproductionbybuildingfactories,theyarelikelytoemitpollutants(suchasmonoxide,carbondioxide,sulferbuildsup)intotheatmosphere(air)andcausesmog,acidrain,greenhouseeffects.建工廠,排放污染物進(jìn)入大氣、導(dǎo)致雨霧、酸雨和溫室效應(yīng)drainindustrialsewageintoriversandlakes,polluteswater,andcausethedeathoffishesandotheraquaticspecies.傾倒工業(yè)廢水、污染水源、導(dǎo)致魚類滅絕beisolatedfrombrightsunshine,cleanwaterandfreshair.遠(yuǎn)離明媚陽光、干凈水源和新鮮空氣changesclimatepatterns,affectcropgrowthanddisruptswildlifedistributions,andleadstothee(cuò)xtinctionofwildspecies.改變天氣模式、影響作物種植、破壞野生物的分布、導(dǎo)致物種滅絕十四、發(fā)展:旅游業(yè):bringsmoretax(income/revenue)toacountry給國(guó)家?guī)碡?cái)富providemanyjobopportunities帶來工作機(jī)會(huì)increasetheincomeofcitizens增長(zhǎng)國(guó)民收入bringacountryintoaconnectionwiththeinternat(yī)ionalconventions和國(guó)際接軌boostlocaleconomy帶動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展-Globaltourismtendstoexportmanynegativeeffectsofwesternculture.Sinceitisonlythewealthywhocanaffordtotravelabroad,developingcountrieslikeThailandandIndonesiahavebecometheplaygroundsoftouristsfrommoreaffluentones.全球化的旅游業(yè)消除了西方文化的很多負(fù)面影響。只有富人可以承擔(dān)旅游帶來的費(fèi)用,像是泰國(guó)和印度尼西亞這類的發(fā)展中國(guó)家已經(jīng)成為富國(guó)旅游者的樂園。-Inmanysuchnations,thisinfluxofmainlywesterntouristshasbroughtwithitproblemssuchasprostitutionaswellasalcoholismanddrugabuse.在很多國(guó)家,大量的西方游客涌入已經(jīng)帶來了很多問題,例如賣淫嫖娼和酒精及毒品泛濫。-Inordertobesustainable,greaterregulationofglobaltourismisrequired.為了保持可連續(xù)發(fā)展,全球旅游業(yè)必須受到管制。十五、太空探索:ensurenationalsecurity,stabilizethesociety,enhancesocialwelfaresystem,perfectthepublicfacilities保障國(guó)家安全poolanddominatevariousresources,andupgradeindustrialstructure整合各種資源、帶來產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)symbolizethenationalstrength象征國(guó)家實(shí)力standforthespiritofexploration代表探索精神upgradescientificgrowthandincreaseemotionalwellbeing科技升級(jí)Itisanintegralpartinthestrategyofacountry.這在國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略中是個(gè)不可缺少的部分Itisatrendthat(yī)noonecanreverse.這是個(gè)趨勢(shì),沒人能扭轉(zhuǎn)runcountertothetradition,conventionanmonsense.這是國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略不可缺少的部分、這是個(gè)趨勢(shì)沒人可以扭轉(zhuǎn)、違反傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗和常識(shí)。Inthisissue,itisimportant(crucial/essential/necessary/imperative)that(yī)…Inthisframework,thegovernmentdepartmentscan…Bydoingso,theycan…andeffectively…政府策略(thecentralauthority/administration/management):立法(makestrictlawstopunish/control…)投資increaseinvestmentinthefieldof…、建立監(jiān)督機(jī)制provideaneffectivemechanismtocontrol/promote…政府部門(thegovernmentdepartmentscan):制定計(jì)劃(makeaseriesofplans)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題(identifytheproblems)、尋求區(qū)域合作(seekregionalcooperat(yī)ion);采用緊急措施(takedrasticmeasures)、進(jìn)行調(diào)整(makenecessaryadjustments)Asforthe專家(expertsandresearchersinthefield),theyaresupposedto修訂政策法規(guī)(amendrelevantrulesconcerning…),分析問題(analyzetheproblems)、給出建議(offertheirprofessionaladvice)、提供解決辦法(giveaworkablesolution),解決情況(dealwith/analyze/handlethesituation)媒體(thepressisobligedto):加大宣傳publicizethesignificanceof…andtheharmof…/Inthisissue,thecitizensaresupposedtoenhancetheirawarenessandtakeconcreteactions.Forexample,itisadvisedthat…Bydoingso,theycan…and…lovetheirmotherlandanditsculture;theypayrespecttothetime-honoredtraditionsandembracedistinctiveculturalvalues;熱愛祖國(guó)、尊重傳統(tǒng)、包容厚德workunselfishlyforthepublic,remaineduncorrupted,careforpeople’ssuffering,servepeopleheartandsoul,defendtheirbasicrights,orprovidethemwithlegalprotection;克己奉公、廉政勤政、關(guān)心人民疾苦、全心全意為人民服務(wù),維護(hù)基本權(quán)益,提供法律保護(hù)theytakerationalattitude,giveuptheirbadhabit,formagoodhabit,seekahealthylifestyle,keepself-control,andbringthemselvesbacktoanormallife;keepabalancebetweentheiracademicstudiesanddailylife理性態(tài)度、消滅壞習(xí)慣、自控、在兩者之間保持平衡theyworkdiligentlyandstandontheirfeet,don’tindulgeinacozylife,buildupunshakableself-confidence,thinkindependentlyandstrengthentheirproblemsolvingability;辛勤勞動(dòng)、學(xué)會(huì)自立、不奢華、有自信、培養(yǎng)能力。beoftheoneheartandonemind,taketheirjointeffortsintoamightypower,payrespecttootherpeople’sideas,embracetheirvalues,boostmutualunderstandingandseekwin-wincooperation,appealtocooperationandmutualsupport,benefitthemselvesatotherpeople’scost同心同德、勁往一處使、尊重別人價(jià)值、增強(qiáng)互相了解、雙贏合作,團(tuán)結(jié)互助、不損人利己theyextendtheirhelpinghandsanddemonstrat(yī)etheirlove,sincerityandmorality.幫助別人,有愛心theyholdgreatambitionandaspirat(yī)ion;increasetheirprofessionalknowledge;workdiligently,guardagainstarroganceandimpetuosity,startfromsmalldetails,keepgraceunderpressure,confrontvariouschallengesandstriveforacleargoaloftheirown.志存高遠(yuǎn)、提高知識(shí)、努力工作,戒驕戒躁、從基層做起、鎮(zhèn)定自若、迎接挑戰(zhàn)、追求目的Afterall,itistheirpositiveat(yī)titudethatplaysaleadingroleinthismatter.Bydoingso,theycaneffectivelycontrol/promote…態(tài)度最重要Onlybydoingsocantheyeffectivelycontrol/promote…Itisbydoingsothattheycaneffectivelycontrol/promote…Tosumup,…reallymatters,whetheryou’rea…,a…ora….Nomatterwhomeveryouare,whetheracollegestudent,anofficeclerk,oracivilservant,onethingiscertain:…iscentralofallthings.Tosumup,wehavetotreat(yī)thisissuewithcommitmentandsincerity.Otherwise,wewillprobablylosetheincentiveofthesocialprogress,thefountainheadofsustainabledevelopment,andthesourceofharmoniouslife.Somereadersmightthinkthatmypointisrathertraditional,nolessconservative.Butitisatleastrealisticandrational.Mypointisrealisticandrational,thoughsomereadersmightthinkthatitistraditionalorconservative.運(yùn)氣與成功:TakeYaoMingforexample,heiscapableofgraspingopportunities.Inthisway,hegraduallyaccumulat(yī)eshisworkingexperienceandoahighlycompetitiveNBAworld.Finally,hecanfurtherhiscauseandbecomeasuccessfulbasketballplayer.引起giveriseto,leadto,cause,touchoff導(dǎo)致cause,leadto,bringabout,resultin甚至eventotheextentthat,even,(go)sofarasto,somuch
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