2023年12月第3套四級(jí)真題

2023年12月四級(jí)考試真題（第三套)PartＩ ＷritiｎｇDirections：Ｆorthｉspａrt,yｏｕａrealｌowed3０ｍiｎuteｓｔowｒｉteａshoｒｔｅssaybａsｅdoｎｔhepicｔureｂelow.YoｕｓｈｏulｄstaｒｔｙoｕressaｙwithabriｅｆaccountoftheｉmpａctoftheＩntｅrnetoｎlearnｉnganｄthｅnexplaｉnｗhｙdoesn’tsiｍplｙｍｅａnleaｒnｉｎgtｏobtainｉnformaｔion．Yousｈouldwrｉteatlｅａst１2０wordsbｕtnｏｍorethaｎ1８０ｗorｄｓ．“OnceIｌeaｒnhowｔoｕｓeGoｏgｌe,isn’tthatalｌthｅe(cuò)ducaｔioｎI(lǐng)rｅalｌyｎｅｅd?”PartIIListeniｎgComprehenｓiｏn說明:2023年12月四級(jí)真題全國共考了兩套聽力。本套（即第三套）的聽力內(nèi)容與第二套的完全同樣，只是選項(xiàng)的順序不同樣而已,故在本套中不再反復(fù)給出。ＳecｔionBDiｒectiｏnｓ：Iｎtｈiｓseｃtion,youaregoｉngtoｒeadaｐassagｅｗｉthtenｓtatｅmentsattachedtｏｉｔ.Eacｈsｔａt(yī)eｍｅntｃoｎtainsｉnｆormationgiveｎiｎoneofthｅpaｒagrａｐhｓ.Ｉdｅntifｙthｅparagraphfromｗhicｈｔheinfｏrｍationｉsｄerivｅd．Youmaychｏoseaparagraphmorｅｔhanonce.Eachｐaragｒaｐhismaｒkeｄwitｈａｌettｅr.AnswertheｑueｓtｉonsbｙmarｋingthｅcorresｐondｉngleｔteronAｎswｅrSheｅｔ2.AMessoｎｔｈeＬadderoｆSucｃeｓsA）?ＴhｒｏｕｇｈoｕtAmｅriｃanhｉstorytｈｅｒehasaｌmostalwaysbeｅｎatleａstonecｅｎtｒaｌecｏnomｉcnarｒaｔivｅthatｇａvetheａmbitiousorunsaｔisfiedreasontｏpaｃkupanｄｓｅｅｋtｈｅirforｔuneｅlsewhｅre.Fortｈeｆirｓｔ300oｒsoyｅaｒsoｆEurｏｐeanｓｅttlemｅnt,ｔｈeｓtｏrywasaboｕtmovｉｎgoｕtwarｄ：ｇeｔtiｎgimmigranｔｓtothecoｎｔinentaｎdtｈｅｎtothefｒｏntiertoｃleａｒthepｒａｉrieｓ(大草原）,draintｈesｗampsandbuiｌdnewｃｉｔies.B) Bytheeｎdofthｅ１9tｈｃentｕry,asthefｒoｎtｉｅｒvanished,theＵ.S.hadamildpanicattack．Wｈatwouｌｄｔhｉsｅnergetic,eｎtrepreｎeｕrｉａlcouｎtｒyｂeｗiｔｈoutｎewｌａndstoconqueｒ?Somepeople,sucｈａsＴeddyRoｏsｅveltdeciｄｅdtokeｅpoｎcｏｎｑuering（Ｃuba,thePhilｉｐpines,eｔc.),ｂｕｔeｖentuaｌlｙ，ininｄｕstriaｌizatioｎ,tｈｅU．S.foundanｅwnaｒratiｖｅofeconoｍｉcmobiｌityaｔhome.Fｒoｍthｅ1890stoｔhe１960s,ｐｅoplｅmovedfromfarｍtｏcity,ｆirstiｎtheNorthandtｈeｎiｎtheＳoｕth.Inｆaｃt,bythｅ1９50s,thｅreｗａｓeｎoｕghprｏsｐｅrｉｔｙａｎdwhｉte-collarworktｈaｔｍanybeｇantomｏvｅtotheｓuburｂｓ．Astｈepoｐuｌatiｏnaged,therewａsalsoashｉｆｔfrｏmtheｃoldRusｔBelｔtｏｔhecomfortsoftheSunBｅlt.Ｗｅthinｋｏｆthisasanoldｐeｒｓon'smigｒaｔiｏｎ,ｂutiｔcrｅaｔｅdmaｎyjobsｆｏrtheyoungincoｎsｔructｉｏnandhealthcａre，nｏttomentioｎtourｉsｍ,ｒetａilandrｅstauraｎtｓ.C)?Foｒthelasｔ20yｅars—ｆromtｈeendofthecｏlｄwarｔhroughtwoｂurstbubｂlesiｎasiｎｇledeｃade—ｔheU．S.hａsbeｅｎcastｉｎgaｂoutｆoritsnextecｏnomiｃｎaｒrativｅ．Andnowitisｅxperｉenｃiｎganotｈeｒpｅｒiodoｆｐanic,ｗhicｈｉsｂａdｎｅwsforｍucｈofthｅworkｆorcebutpａrtiｃulａrlyforitｓｙoungestmｅmbｅrｓ.D) ＴｈeU.S．ｈａsalwayｓbｅe(cuò)nａｒemarkabｌyitineｒantｃounｔry,butnｅwdatafromtheCenｓusBuｒｅauｉndｉcaｔethatmobiｌiｔyhａsrｅａｃhedｉtｓloweｓｔleveｌiｎrｅcoｒdｅdhisｔorｙ.Suｒe,someｐeoｐlearｅstｕcｋinｈomesvａｌuedａｔlｅssｔhantｈeｉrｍortgages(抵押貸款)，bｕｔmaｎyyｏuｎｇpeｏple—ｗｈodon'townhomesａndｄon'tyeｔhavefaｍilieｓ—arestayingpuｔ，tｏｏ.Thisｓugｇests,ａｍonｇotherｔｈingｓ，thaｔpｅoplearen＇tpackingupfｏrneweｃoｎomicoｐｐoｒtuniｔiesthｅwaｙtｈeｙusedto.Ratherthandivｉｄingthｅcouｎtｒyｉntoｔhe1percenteｒsversus（與……相對(duì)）ｅveryonｅe(cuò)lse,theｓplitｉｎoｕｒeｃoｎomyisrealｌyｂeｔweentwｏotherclａsses：ｔhｅｍobilｅandimmｏbilｅ.E)?Partoftheｐrobｌemistｈａｔthｅcountry＇ｓlａrgｅｓｔindustｒieｓａreindeclinｅ.Inthepasｔ,itｗasｐeｒfeｃtlyｃｌｅarwｈｅreyｏuｎgpeopleｓhouldgoforwork（Ｃｈicagoｉnthe18７0s,Detrｏiｔinthe191０s,Ｈｏustoninthe19７０s)anｄ,moreoｒless,whaｔｔｈey'dbeｄｏｉngwhｅntheyｇotｔhｅrｅ(ｋｉlliｎgｓｔeer,ｂuildinｇcａｒs,ｓeｌｌiｎgoil)．Ａnｄtheｓｅｉndustｒiesｗｅｒｅlargeeｎougｈtoofferjobstoeａchcｌａｓsofworｋｅr,fromuｎskilledlaｂorｅrｔoｍanagｅroｒeｎｇinｅe(cuò)r.Todaｙ,thefewbｒightsｐotsｉnourｅconomyarｅｒelaｔivelysmalｌ(thougｈsｏmepｒomisefuturegｒｏwｔｈ）anddｅcentraｌized.TｈerｅａregrｅatjoｂsｉnSiliｃonVａllｅy,inthebｉotechｒｅsearchｃaｐitａlsofBoｓｔonaｎｄＲaleigh-DurｈamandinadvaｎcｅdmａnufacｔuringplantsaｌoｎgｔhｅｓouｔｈernI-85corrｉｄor.Thesecｏｍｐaniesrecrｕｉtａlloｖerthecounｔｒyandtheglobefｏrwｏrkerｓｗitｈspｅcifｉｃabiliｔies.（Yｏudon'tnｅe(cuò)dtｏｂetｈenextＭarkZuckerbｅrgｔogetａjobｉnoneofthemicrohubs（微中心)，ｂytheway.Buｔｙouwillalmosｔcerｔaiｎlyneedａt(yī)leａstaB.A.ｉnｃompuｔｅrsｃieｎceorayｅaｒortｗoaｔatｅchｎｉcalschｏoｌ.)Thｉsｎｅweｒ,selecｔｊobmarｋetisnａt(yī)ional,andiｔoffｅrsmembeｒsｏfｔheｍobileｃlaｓscompetｉtiｖesalarｉesanｄhiｇherbargainｉngpower.Ｆ） Maｎymembersｏftheimmｏbileclａｓs，ontｈeotｈerhanｄ,ｌiveinthｅAmeriｃａｏｆｔheｇrｉmheａdlｉnes.Iｆｙouhavenospecｉａｌiｚedskiｌls,thｅre'ｓlitｔlｅreasonｔouproｏttoanothｅrstａｔeandbethelastinｌiｎeforalow-payiｎgjobatａnewautoｐlantoｒabuｒgeoninｇgｒｅｅｎ-energｙcｌusteｒ.Theｓurｐｒiseｉntheｃensuｓ(普查)daｔa,ｈoｗeveｒ,isｔhattheimmobileworkforceisｎotlimｉtedｔoｕｎskiｌledｗorｋeｒs.Infact，maｎyhａveacollｅgedｅgrｅｅ．G) Ｕnｔｉlnow，aB．A．iｎanyｓｕｂjectｗasaneaｒ-ｇuarａnteeofatleasｔmiddle-clａssｗages.Buttｏday,aquarterofcoｌleｇｅgraduatesmakelｅssthanthetｙpicalｗoｒkerwithoｕtabａchｅｌor'sdegree.DaｖｉdAutoｒ,aprominentｌａｂｏrｅconoｍｉstatM．I．T.,rｅceｎtlｙtｏldmethａt(yī)ａcolｌegｅdeｇreeａloneisnｏｌｏngeraｇuarantｏrofagooｄｊob．Wｈileｇradｕaｔeｓfｒomtｏpｕｎｉvｅrｓｉtiesarｅｓtｉｌlｌikelytogetagoodjｏbnｏmａt(yī)ｔｅｒwhatｔhｅirｍａｊoriｓ，hｅsaid,ｇrａdｕatｅsｆromlｅsｓ-ｅxａｌtedsｃhooｌsaｒegｏingtoｂejudgeｄonwhattheyｋnｏw.Tｏｃoｍｐｅteｆorjｏbｓonanａt(yī)ioｎalｌevｅl,theｙsｈouｌdbearｍｅｄｗithｔheskｉllｓthatemerginｇｉnｄustｒｉesneｅd,whｅthertechniｃalｏrnot.H） Thosewithoｕtsuchｓｐeciａlizedｓｋillｓ—likepoｅtry,ｏrｅｖenhiｓtｏry,ｍajoｒs—areａlｒeａdycompｅtｉｎgwｉththｅirneighborsforｔhesaｍｅｓoｒtｓofseｃond－ｒate，poorｅr－pａyiｎglocalｊｏbsｌikｅlow-leｖeｌmanageｍentｏrbiｇ-boxrｅｔailｓalｅｓ.Andwiththｅｌow-skilledlaboｒmaｒkｅｔａｔomｉzediｎtoｔｈｏusanｄsofmiｃｒoeｃonｏmies,iｍｍobilｅworｋerｓａｒeｌessabｌetoｄemａndｂettｅrｗagesorｃonditionsortoａcquｉrevaｌuａbleskiｌls.I) Sｏwｈat,

eｘacｔlｙ,ｓhｏuldｔheａmbitｉouｓｙouｎgworｋerofｔodaybeｌｅaｒniｎｇ?Unfortｕnａt(yī)ely,iｔ'shａrdtosay,sｉncetheU．S．doesｎ'thavｅoｎｅｃleaｒnatioｎalpｒojecｔ.Ｔheｒeareplentyofeｍerging，smallerindustrｉes,butwｈichoneｓarethemoｓtprｏmising？(Nａｎoｔechｎology's（納米技術(shù))ｍｏｍeｎtofremarｋaｂlegrowthｓeeｍstohavｅbeen5yｅaｒsinｔｏtｈefutｕreforsomethinglike20yeａrｓｎｏｗ．)It'snoｔclｅarexａctlywhatｓkillsaremostneedeｄoｒiｆtｈｅywｉllevｅｎbevaｌuablｅinａｄｅｃadｅ.J) Whａt(yī)ｉscleariｓthatallｓorｔsofｇovernmenｔisｓues—educａt(yī)ioｎ,ｈealｔh-insuranceportabiliｔy,workeｒｒetｒaining—ａｒeｎｏｌｏngerjustbonusestoalrｅaｄypｒｏsperoｕｓliｖｅsｂutexｉｓtentiａｌｒeｑuiｒemenｔｓ.Iｔ'siｎａｌlofourｉnterestsｔoｍakesuｒetｈａt(yī)ａｓmanypｅopleasposｓibleaｒeａbｌetoｍoｖetowａrdopｐoｒtｕnity,andＡmerｉｃa＇saｂilitｙtｏinvｅsｔpｅｏpｌｅaｎdmｏnｅyｉｎeｘcｉｔingnｅｗiｄeasisstillgｒｅａt(yī)eｒthａntｈatofmostotｈeｒwｅalthyｃounｔrieｓ.（Asrecｅntlyaｓfiveyeaｒsagｏ,U.S.ｍｉgratiｏnwastwｉｃetｈeｒateoｆＥurｏpeanＵｎionstates.)Ｔhat，atlｅasｔ,issｏmeｃomfoｒtａt(yī)aｔimｅwheｎourｎationalｅcoｎomyｓeemstoｂeseａrchingforｉtsnextstｏryｌine.這篇文章我在網(wǎng)上找到的，是AｄａmDaｖidsoｎ'sｌatestNｅwＹorkTｉmesMagａｚiｎecｏlｕｍｎ，＂AMessOｎＴheＬadｄerOfSuccess．"Ｊaｎuarｙ18,2０23講解的時(shí)候可以告訴學(xué)生，提醒學(xué)生閱讀國外報(bào)刊的必要性。46.Unlikeintｈepast,aｃollegeｄｅgreealonedoｅsnotguａrａnteeａｇoodjobfoｒitshｏｌｄer．４7.Thｅcｅｎｓｕsdaｔaｉssuｒprisｉｎginｔhatｃolleｇｅgraduaｔeｓａreaｌｓoamongtheｉmmobilewoｒkforｃe.４9．Ｔhemiｇraｔionｏfｏldpeoｐlｅｆroｍｃｏldtｏwarmplacesmademaｎyｊobsavａilａbｌetotheyｏuｎｇ.50.Aｍｅricaｉsbetteraｔinｎovationthanｍosｔotｈerrichｎatｉonｓ.51.EaｒlｙＡmericanｈistorｙisoneoｆmovｉngoｕtｗarｄ.52.Youｎgpｅopledon’tknoｗwhａｔtｏlｅarｎbecauseiｔｉsｈａrdtｏpredｉcｔwｈatskiｌlsaremostnｅe(cuò)deｄoｒvaluedteｎyeａrsfroｍnｏw.53．Computeroｒotｈertｅcｈnｉcａlsｋillsａreneedｅdtoｇetaweｌl-paｙinｇjｏbinhigh-techoraｄvanceｄmａnｕｆacｔｕriｎｇ.54.Wｈｅnthefrontiervａnisｈedabouｔacenturｙａｇｏ,Aｍｅricａfouｎdnewｅcoｎoｍicmobilityinｉｎdｕstｒｉaｌｉzaｔion.55.Ａmericatｏdａyｃanbedividedintｏｔwｏｃlasseｓ:ｔhｏsewhomoveａnｄthｏsewhodon’ｔ.SecｔiｏnCDireｃtｉons:Thereａre2ｐaｓsaｇeｓｉnｔhisｓectｉoｎ.Eachpａｓｓageisfolloweｄbｙｓomeqｕesｔionsorｕnfinishedstatemeｎtｓ.ForeacｈoftheｍthｅrearefourchoicｅｓmarｋedA),B)，Ｃ）andD）．YoushouｌdｄeciｄeonｔｈebｅｓtchoｉｃｅaｎdmarkthｅｃorresｐｏnｄingletterｏnAnswerSheet2wｉｔhaｓinglｅliｎｅtｈrｏughtheｃｅｎtre.ＰａｓsageOneQｕestions56t0６0areｂａｓedｏntｈｅfｏlｌowｉnｇｐassage.Aｎewstｕdｙshowｓａlａｒgeｇｅｎdergaｐoneconomiｃpｏｌiｃyamongthenation’sｐrｏｆessionaleconomｉsts，aｄｉvidｅsimiｌartotheｇendeｒｄiviｄefoundinthｅgｅneralｐuｂlic.“Aｓagrｏuｐ，wｅarｅpro-markeｔ,”sａysAnnMariＭay,co-auｔhorofthｅstudyaｎdaUｎiｖｅrｓityofＮebraskaeｃonomｉst．“Butwomenaremorelikelytｏacceptgovｅrnｍeｎｔregulａt(yī)ｉｏnandinvｏｌｖeｍentiｎeｃoｎoｍicact“It’ｓverｙpuｚｚliｎg，”saｙsfｒeemaｒｋeteconｏmiｓtVｅroｎiqueｄｅＲugｙｏｆtheMeｒcatusＣenｔeｒaｔＧeｏrｇeＭasｏｎUniversity．“Ｎｏtadaygoｅsｂyｔｈａt(yī)Idon’AnaｔiveofFranｃe，dｅRugｙsupｐortedｇovernｍentinterventiｏn（干預(yù))ｅａrlyｉnheｒlifｅbutｃhangeｄhｅrｍindaｆterstｕdyinｇeｃonomiｃs．“Ｗewantｍaｎｙoftｈｅｓametｈingｓaslibeｒals–ｌｅsspｏｖerty,moｒｅhealtｈcarｅ–ｂuthaveraｄicaｌlydifｆerentidｅａｓoｎｈoｗｔoachieveit．”LｉberａlｅcｏｎomiｓｔDeanBａｋer,co-fouｎdeｒoftheCenteｒforEｃonomicPolicyaｎｄＲe-sｅarｃh,ｓaysmaｌeｅconomisｔｓhａveｂｅe(cuò)ｎｏntheinｓidｅoftｈeｐrofeｓsiｏn,ｃonｆｉrmingeachoｔｈｅr’saｎｔi-rｅgulａt(yī)ionvｉewｓ.Wｏmen,ａｓｏutsｉderｓ,“areｍoｒｅliｋelyｔothinkindepeｎdｅntlyｏrａt(yī)ｌeaｓtseepeopleoutｓideofｔheeconomicｓproｆessioｎasformiｎgtheirpeｅrgroup,”ｈesays.Thegｅnderｂaｌaｎceｉｎｅｃｏnomｉcｓischanｇｉｎg．Oｎｅ-thｉrdｏfeconomicsdｏctorａt(yī)es(博士學(xué)位)nowgｏtowoｍen.“Moｒediｖeｒsityiｓneededatthｅｔａblｅwhenpｕblｉcpｏlｉcｙisdiscuｓsｅd,”Mayｓａys.Ｅcｏnoｍiｓｔｓdoagrｅe(cuò)onsoｍｅthｉngs.FｅmaleｅconomistｓagreewiｔhmenthaｔEｕｒｏpｅhａｓtｏomucｈrｅgulａｔiｏnandthatＷal-martiｓgoodforsociety.Ｍaleeconomistｓaｇrｅe(cuò)wｉthｔheirfeｍalｅcoｌleaguesthatｍiｌitaryspｅndｉｎgiｓｔoohigh.Ｔhegendersａｒｅｍｏstdｉvorｃedｆromeaｃhｏtherｏntｈequesｔｉonofｅquａliｔyfｏrwoｍｅn.Ｍaｌeeconｏmｉstsoverｗhelmiｎglｙtｈinｋthewaｇｅgａpｂeｔweｅnmenａndwoｍeｎｉslarｇｅlytｈeresulｔｏfｉｎdiｖｉduals’skiｌls,experienceaｎdvｏiceｓ．Fｅmaｌeeconomistｓoverwhｅlmiｎｇlydｉsaｇrｅｅｂyamarginof4－ｔo-1.Tｈeｂiｇgestｄisaｇrｅｅmeｎｔ:76%ofｗｏmensａyfａｃultyopporｔunitiesｉnecoｎomicｓfavｏrｍen．Maleecoｎoｍistsｐoｉnｔtheｏｐpoｓｉtewａｙ：80％saｙｗomeｎarefaｖoｒedortheproｃesｓｉsnｅｕtrａl．５6.Whａt(yī)ｉｓthｅfindiｎgoftｈenewｓtudy?Ａ)Tｈegenderdｉvｉdｅｉｓabｉｇconcernoftｈeｇenｅralpuｂliｃ,B)Menanｄｗoｍｅnunderstａndｅconomｉcsquｉteｄifｆerｅntlｙ，Ｃ)Tｈegapｂetwｅe(cuò)nmalｅanｄfemaｌeecoｎomｉｓtsneedstobeclosｅd.D)Mａleａndfemａlｅｅcｏnomｉstsdiｓaｇrｅｅwｉdelyoneconomicpoｌicy.57．WhatdoeｓＡnnMariＭａysayａbｏuｔfemａｌｅｅｃonomｉsｔs？A)Theｙaｒestroｎｇlyagaiｎstmaledominａｔiｏniｎtheecoｎｏmicｓｐrofeｓsiｏｎ．B)Theｙｔｅｎdtosupｐoｒtｇｏveｒnmeｎtinteｒventｉoninecoｎoｍｉｃactｉｖitｙ.C)Thｅyusualｌyplａｙanaｃtiveroleinｐublicpolicｙ-ｍａｋｉng.D）Theyａremosｔｌyｓtronｇadvocａｔesoffｒeemaｒketｅcｏnomy.5８．WhatdowｅleａrnabouteｃｏnoｍisｔVeroniquedeＲugy?A)Sherｅｐｒesentsｍoｓｔfｅmａｌｅe(cuò)coｎoｍists’standｐoint.B)Shｅdｅvoteｓｈｅrｓｅlftｏeｌimｉnａｔiｎgｗoｍeｎ’spoverty.C)Ｈerstｕｄyofｅｃonomｉcschangedhervｉewonｇovｅrｎment’sｒｏｌeinｅconomicａcｔｉｖitieｓ.D)Hｅracadｅmicｂackgｒoundhelｐedｈeｒgetｉntotheinnercｉrcleofthｅe(cuò)ｃｏｎｏmicｓprofesｓｉon.59.Ｗhａt(yī)doesAnnMａｒｉMａｙimｐlyabｏutpubｌiｃpolicy-making?A)Morefemaleeconomiｓｔsshouldgetinｖｏlved，B）Itshｏulddｏjusticeｔofｅｍaleeｃｏｎｏmｉsts’stｕdies.C)Moreattｅntｉonｓhoｕlｄｂepａｉdtoｗomｅn’srｉghts.Ｄ)Itsｈouldａｉmatsｕｓtaｉnabledeveloｐｍent.6０．Ｏｎwhatissuｅｄomａleandｆｅmaleeｃonｏmiｓtｓdiｆfeｒmost?A)Governmentreｇulatｉon.? B)Jobｃrｅａt(yī)ion．C)Milｉｔarｙｓpeｎｄing．?? D)Gendｅｒeｑｕality.PassagｅTwoQuｅsｔions61ｔ06５aｒeｂaseｄonthefollowinｇｐasｓａge．Ｔｈｅnumｂeroｆpostgradｕateｓtｕdeｎtsｔravelliｎgfroｍnｏｎ-EUｃｏunｔriestｏstｕｄｙaｔUKuniversitｉeshaｓfalleｎforｔhｅfirsｔtimeｉn16years,ｆuｅllｉngｆｅarsthaｔtheｇovernment’ｓimmiｇrａt(yī)ｉoncraｃｋdownisdiｓｃouragingthｏｕsandsoｆｔhebrighteｓtstuｄeｎｔsfｒｏmconｔinuingｔｈｅirstudｉesinBritain.JｏBealｌ,ＢriｔiｓhＣouｎcilｄirｅｃｔｏrofeducａｔionandsocietｙ,saiｄｔhｅfaｌlｗｏuldcauseａlarｍａmoｎgＵKｖｉce－chａｎｃeｌｌors(大學(xué)行政主管)．”Ｔheｓectｏrwaｓｅxpectingａdecliｎｅｉngｒowth,ｂutthｅactuaｌreductioninｐosｔｇraduaｔenumbeｒsiｓofrealconｃｅrnasｉnternaｔｉonａlstudentsｍａｋeupthemajorityｏｆnumbｅrsｉnmanｙpoｓtgraduａｔeｃouｒsｅsandｒesearcｈｔeaｍsiｎscience,tecｈnｏlｏgy，ｅngineerｉngandmathｅmａt(yī)iｃs.”“AtｔractingthebｒigｈtestandmostamｂitioｕｓpostｇraduateaｎdｒeseaｒchstudｅnｔsiscｒitiｃａliftheＵKistｏmaintａinｉtｓqｕａlityrepuｔａｔioｎfｏｒrｅsearch，”Bｅallsaid.Uniｖersiｔiesｇetatｈiｒｄｏftｈeirtuｉｔiｏｎ（學(xué)費(fèi))ｆeerｅvenuefｒｏｍnon-ＥUstuｄeｎts.Thereisgrｏwｉnｇfeaｒａmoｎgviｃe-ｃｈancｅｌlｏrsｔhａt(yī)thisreveｎue–aｓweｌlａsthecultural，aｃademiｃａndeconｏmｉcｂeneｆｉｔｉnternatiｏnaｌstｕｄentsｂring–ｉｓbeｉngpuｔatrisｋ.TimWesｔlaｋe,dirｅctｏｒfｏrｔhｅｓtｕdeｎtexpｅｒieｎｃeatMａnchｅsterUｎiversiｔｙ，saidstudeｎｔswhｏsefamiliesｒeliｅdonthemwoｒkｉｎｇinthｅUＫＬａstmonththehｏmｅsecretaｒy，ThｅresaMaｙ,anｎｏunｃｅdthaｔembasｓystａffwoulｄinｔerviewｍoreｔhａn100,000appliｃantsinanatteｍｐttoｐreventboguｓ(假冒的)ｏnesenteｒｉngｔｈecountｒｙ．SheaｌsosaidimmigraｎｔswｅｒeresponsｉbleforpusｈiｎgupＵＫhｏｕseprices.Ｔhecommentsfollｏwedtheｉｎtroｄuctionofnewlimitationsonstudeｎtｓ’rightｔoworkduringaｎｄａftertｈeirｓtudiｅs．Beａllsaid：“GｏverｎｍenｔstatistiｃsfortｈeｆiｒstｔiｍeｐrｏvideｒealevｉdencetｈatthｅchａnｇｅstoＵKｖisaｒeｇulationsｍａｙhavｅdｉscouｒaｇedmanyｓｔudentsｆromaｐplｙｉｎgtotｈｅUK,anｄｉｎｐartｉcularｐoｓtgraduatesｔudentsｗhoarｅsoimpoｒｔａｎtｔoｔheＵK’ｓreseaｒcｈoutpｕt.TheUＫｅnjoysaneｘcellentrepｕtatioｎarｏundtheworldfortｈｅhｉgｈｑuａlitｙofｏurｅdｕcaｔionsystem，sothegovernmentneedsｔｏｅnsureｔｈａｔinstｉtｕtionshaveallｔhesupｐortｔheｙnｅｅdtoａｔtractinterｎatｉonａlsｔudentswｈｏｍaｋeatremeｎdoｕｓａcadｅmｉc,ｃuｌturalandeｃonomｉccontributiｏntotheUK.”61．Whathascausｅdthｅdｅclineofthenumbeｒofnon－EUpｏstｇraduatesintheUK?A)Ｔheincreａｓeinｔuiｔｉonaｎdｆees.B)Theever－risｉnglivｉnｇeｘpenｓes.Ｃ）Ｃhａngedimｍiｇraｔioｎｐｏlicｉｅｓ.D)Unｉvｅrｓitｉes’tightenedbudgets.62.WhatiｓＵKｖice-ｃhａｎcｅllor