廣西壯族自治區(qū)桂林市西山中學(xué)2021年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析

廣西壯族自治區(qū)桂林市西山中學(xué)2021年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Somethingunexpectedhappened,but_______itwasapleasantjourney.A.indetail

B.onaverage

C.toadegree

D.onthewhole參考答案：D2.---Youdidn’thaveagoodtimeattheparty?

----No,I______alotfromthenoisemadebytheband.

A.worried

B.suffered

C.heard

D.enjoyed參考答案：B3.Howlongdoyousupposeitis

hearrivedthere?A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since參考答案：D4.

____wearedevelopingnewtechnologyatsuchahighpace,thetruechallengeistofindnewwaysofusingit.A.Although

B.After

C.Assoonas

D.Nowthat參考答案：D5.

______________nottodriveafterdrinkingalcohol,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous.

A.Reminded

B.Toremind

C.HavingremindedD.Beingreminded參考答案：A6.—Ididn’tseeherlastnightattheparty.

—You

.Butyoucametoolate.

A.couldhave

B.can’thave

C.musthave

D.oughthave參考答案：A略24.Thenews_______BarackObamawontheNobelPeacePrizeis_______surprisedtheworld.

A.that；what

B.which；that

C.that；which

D./；how參考答案：A略8..Don’talways_______yourownfailure_______others.Sometimesyouyourself________.A．blame；on；aretobeblamedB．blame；for；aretoblameC．blame；on；aretoblameD．blame；for；aretobeblamed參考答案：C略9.TheSpringFestivalisourtraditionalfestival,__________peopleusuallyvisittheirfriendsands.A.forwhich

B.towhich

C.duringwhich

D.aboutwhich參考答案：C10.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot______inreadingbooks,shecanbefound_____onthesofawatchingTV.A.absorbed;seating

B.absorbing;satC.absorbed;seated

D.absorbing;sitting參考答案：C11.Whenyoulookat

willhavebecomealargetree,youwillfindasenseofsatisfactionthatyoudidyourparttohelpsolvetheproblemofclimatechange.A.something;known

B.which;toknowC.those;know

D.what;knowing參考答案：D考查賓語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)你看到將變成了一棵大樹的時(shí)候，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種滿足感，知道你為解決氣候變化問題所做的貢獻(xiàn)。第一空是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，既做引導(dǎo)詞又在句中做主語(yǔ)；此處是現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀態(tài)，故選D。12.–Itseemsimpossibleforyoutocoverthatlongdistance!–Innoway_______giveup.A.Ishall

B.mightI

C.shallI

D.Iwill參考答案：C13.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacking

B.lack

C.lackedin

D.lackingof參考答案：A14.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey.

A.can B.mayC.must D.should參考答案：A提示:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略。句意:警察仍然沒有找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子,但他們?cè)诒M他們所能去尋找他。can“能”,與句意相符。本句完整結(jié)構(gòu)為:they’redoingalltheycandotolookforhim。

15.Whenfirst____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.beingintroduced

B.havingintroduced

C.introduced

D.introducing參考答案：C16.Asamatteroffact,gettingridofabadhabitis________formingagoodone.A.asmuchaneffortas

B.muchaneffortas

C.asaneffortmuchas

D.aneffortmuchas

參考答案：A二、填空17.Youcanrelaxifrememberingeverythingisnotyourstrongsuit.Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.Traditionalresearchonmemoryhasfocusedontheadvantagesofrememberingeverything.Butlookingthroughyearsofrecentmemorydata,researchersPaulFranklandandBlakeRichardsoftheUniversityofTorontofoundthattheneurobiology（神經(jīng)生物學(xué)）offorgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecision-makingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.“Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.Rather,thegoalofmemoryistohelpimprovedecision-making.Assuch,transience（轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝）isasimportantaspersistenceinmemorysystems，”theirstudyinNeuronstates.Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesnotmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand,itjustmeansyouneedtoholdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostup-to-dateinformationonsituations.Ourbrainsdothisbygeneratingnewneurons（神經(jīng)元）inourhippocampus（海馬體）,whichhavethepowertooverwriteexistingmemoriesthatareinfluencingourdecision-making.“Ifyou''''''''''''''''retryingtodealwiththesituationandyourbrainisconstantlybringingupmultipleconflictingmemories,thatmakesitharderforyoutomakeawisedecision，”RichardstoldScienceDaily.Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain''''''''''''''''slearningregion,tryexercising.Moderateaerobicexerciselikejogging,powerwalking,andswimminghavebeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsanddetailsaboutoldjobs,ourbrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdonotmatter.Althoughtoomuchforgetfulnesscanbeacauseforconcern,theoccasionallostdetailcanbeasignofaperfectlyhealthymemorysystem.Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecision-makingbystoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonminorpastdetails.Instead,thebrainpromotesgeneralization,helpingusrememberthemostimportantgistofaconversation.“Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife，”Richardssaid.Ifyou''''reananalystwhomeetswithaclientweekly,yourbrainwillrecognizethatthisisaclientwhosenameandstoryyouneedtoremember.Ifthisissomeoneyoumaynevermeetagain,yourbrainwillweighthatinformationaccordingly.Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecallcanbeoverrated.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.Title：BeingForgetfulMightActuallyMeanYou''''re____46____IntroductionRecentresearchprovesthatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength,forforgettingandselectivememoryareof____47____importanceinourdecision-making.ThegoalofmemoryPeopletakeadvantageofmemorytomakegooddecisionsratherthan___48___information.____49____of

beingforgetfulIthelpsusforgetoutdatedinformation.●Makingwisedecisionsinvolvestheexistingmemoriesmaking___50___forthelatestinformation.●Meanwhile,toomuchcontradictoryinformationinmemorycandoharmtoourdecision-making.●Exercisinghelpsincreaseneurons,contributingtoour____51____decision-making.Ithelpsusseethebig____52____．●After____53____theinformationitgets,thebrainchoosestofocusonthekeypoints,occasionallyforgettingunimportantpastdetails.●Whethertorememberorforgetparticularstuffis____54____bythedegreeoftheconsistencyoftheenvironmentandthe____55____ofthingsreappearinglaterinlife.ConclusionOurbrainsareworkingsmarterwhenaimingtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.參考答案：46.Smarter

47.equal

48.transmit

49.Advantages/Benefits

50.way/space/room

51.improved/better

52.picture

53.weighing/comparing54.determined/decided

55.likelihood/chance/possibility/probability本文是說明文，大腦通過權(quán)衡比較后，有選擇的遺忘一些舊的或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息，選擇性遺忘會(huì)使我們的大腦更聰明。【46題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和形容詞。根據(jù)文章最后一段Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecallcanbeoverrated.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.可知研究結(jié)果表明當(dāng)我們只記住重點(diǎn)而不是所有內(nèi)容時(shí)，選擇性遺忘會(huì)使我們的大腦更聰明。與句中Ourbrainsareworkingsmarter一致，故填Smarter.【47題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和形容詞。根據(jù)第一段……beingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.和第二段……thattheneurobiologyofforgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecision-makingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.可知健忘可能是一種力量——事實(shí)上，選擇性記憶和我們的決定一樣重要。根據(jù)asimportantas,故填equal.【48題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第三段中Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.Rather,thegoalofmemoryistohelpimprovedecision-making.可知記憶的目標(biāo)不是通過時(shí)間傳遞信息。相反,記憶的目標(biāo)是幫助提高決定。根據(jù)thetransmissionofinformation此處用其動(dòng)詞形式，故填transmit.【49題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和名詞。根據(jù)本項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中Ithelpsusforgetoutdatedinformation.和Ithelpsusseethebig____7____．可知此項(xiàng)是介紹健忘的好處或優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故填A(yù)dvantages/Benefits.【50題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和名詞。根據(jù)第四段Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostup-to-dateinformationonsituations.可知健忘能夠清理大腦空間，為記住最新信息做準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)clearingupspace可知是清理空間，騰地方，故填way/space/room.【51題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和形容詞。根據(jù)第六段Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain''''''''''''''''slearningregion,tryexercising.……increasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.可知鍛煉有助于增加大腦學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域的新神經(jīng)元的數(shù)量，幫助我們更好地做決定。故填improved/better.【52題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和名詞。根據(jù)后面內(nèi)容可知大腦通過權(quán)衡比較后，有選擇的遺忘一些舊的或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息。記住或忘記特定的東西取決于環(huán)境的一致性程度和事情在以后的生活中重現(xiàn)的可能性。這些都說明健忘能夠幫助我們記住重要信息，顧全大局。故填picture.【53題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第七段Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsanddetailsaboutoldjobs,ourbrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdonotmatter.可知大腦通過權(quán)衡比較后，有選擇的遺忘一些舊的或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息。指權(quán)衡比較，故填weighing/comparing.【54題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和動(dòng)詞形式。根據(jù)第八段Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.中howconsistenttheenvironmentis可知記住或忘記特定的東西取決于環(huán)境的一致性程度，故填determined/decided.【55題詳解】考查對(duì)文章的理解和名詞。根據(jù)第八段Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.中howlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.可知記住或忘記特定的東西取決于環(huán)境的一致性程度和事情在以后的生活中重現(xiàn)的可能性。與likely意思一致，此處用名詞，表示“可能性”，故填likelihood/chance/possibility/probability.18.A.race

B.created

C.shaped

D.portion

AB.primaryAC.dragged

AD.dramatic

BC.collapse

BD.delicious

CD.individual

EasterIslandisafamousandveryisolatedislandinthesoutheastPacificOcean.Itiswell-knownforitsgiantstonestatues,themoai,

36

sometimebetweentheyears1000and1700–likelytowardstheearlier

37

ofthatrange.Thesestatuesnumber887,andatonepointtherewereabout10islandersforeverystatue,foranislandpopulationof10,000orso.ThefirstandonlypeopleevertoliveonEasterIslandwerefroman

38

groupofPolynesiansthat,oncefindingEaster,thenhadnocontactwithanyother

39

.EasterIslandisoftentakenasacasestudyofcivilization’scollapse.Inthe17th-18thcenturytherewasa

40

declineincivilization.Therewerealsonumerouscivilwarsthatwouldhavebeenextremelybloody.Evidenceindicatesthatchickensandratsbecamethe

41

dietoftheislanders.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedin1722,therewerebarely1,000inhabitantsonisland.Beforethe

42

ofEasterIsland’scivilizationinthe17thcentury,therewasaGoldenAge,duringwhichthetwo-tonmoaistatueswereconstructed.Thesestatueshadeyespaintedwhiteandwereallpointedtowardsthesea.Theislanderslackedmetaltools,and

43

thestatuesusingonlystonetools.Thestatueswere

44

totheirpresentlocationsbylargewoodenframes.Givenhowfewpeopletherewereontheislandandhowhugethestatuesare,ithaslongbeenamysterywhetherEasterIslandershadanyspecialassistancefromextraterrestrials（外星人）.參考答案：36.B

37.D

38.CD

39.A

40.AD

41.AB

42.BC

43.C

44.AC三、閱讀理解19.Helosthisarmsinanaccidentthatclaimedhisfather’slife--whowasthemainsourceofsupportforthefamily.Sincethen,hehashadtodependonthearmsofhisyoungerbrother.Forthesakeoftakingcareofhim,hisyoungerbrotherbecamehisshadow,neverleavinghimaloneforyears.Exceptforwritingwithhistoes,hewascompletelyunabletodoanythinginhislife.Onelatenight,hesufferedfromdiarrhea(腹瀉)andhadtowakeuphisyoungerbrother.Hisyoungerbrotheraccompaniedhimintothetoiletandthenwentbacktodormtowait.Butbeingsotired,hisyoungerbrotherfellasleep,leavinghimonthetoiletfortwohourstilltheteacherondutydiscoveredhim.Asthetwobrothersgrewuptogether,theyhadtheirshareofproblemsandtheywouldoftenquarrel.Thenoneday,hisyoungerbrotherwantedtoliveseparatefromhim,livinghisownlife,asmanynormalpeopledo.Sohewasheart-brokenanddidn’tknowwhattodo.Asimilarmisfortunehappenedtoagirl,too.Onenighthermother,whosufferedfromchronicmentalillness,disappeared.Soherfatherwentoutlookingforhermother,leavingheraloneathome.Shetriedtopreparemealsforherparents,onlytooverturn(弄翻)thekerosenelightonthestove,resultinginafirewhichtookherhandsaway.Thoughhereldersister,whowasstudyinginanothercity,showedherwillingnesstotakecareofher,shewasdeterminedtobecompletelyindependent.Atschool,shealwaysstudiedhard.Mostofallshelearnedtobeself-dependent.Onceshewrotethefollowinginhercomposition:“Iamlucky.ThoughIlostmyarms,Istillhavelegs;Iamlucky.”Thoughmywingsarebroken,myheartcanstillfly.”O(jiān)neday,theboyandthegirlwerebothinvitedtoappearonatelevisioninterviewprogram.TheboytoldtheTVhostabouthisuncertainfutureatbeingleftonhisown,whereasthegirlwasfullofenthusiasmforherlife.The