初中英語語法專題專講-非謂語動詞講解及練習(xí)1

中考英語非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式的用法（要點1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特色：動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”有時能夠不帶to。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能夠作謂語，但能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語外的任何成分一一主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特色，即它能夠有自己的賓語和狀語。不定式的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing不定式時態(tài)一般時態(tài)Ihopetoseeyouagain.有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作此后完成Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes語動詞表示的動詞前

，有時發(fā)生動作發(fā)生在謂進(jìn)行Heseemstobeeatingsomething表示動作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特色，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。作主語例女口:ToleannEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytoleannEnglishwell.［說明］動詞不定式作主語時，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,這類句型可歸納為下邊的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.當(dāng)形容詞表示事物的特色，特色或客觀形式，常有的形容詞有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwoIanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth形容詞表示性格,道德或表示主觀感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2作表語Mywishistobecomeateacher.be動詞此后，形成表語，常用來表示預(yù)約要發(fā)生的動作，也可用來表示將來的可能性和假設(shè)3作賓語只可用不定式作賓語的動詞askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也能夠接動名詞rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下來開始跑Istoprunning.我停下來不跑了。it作形式賓語Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4作賓語補足語1不定式作賓補askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2使役動詞省略toletmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.3Couldyouhelpme(toclosethewindow?5作定語Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未發(fā)生的動作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6作狀語Hestoppedtohavealook.［說明］動詞不定式的否定形式:not+to+動詞原形組成例女口:Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why等后邊能夠按動詞不定式，組成動詞不定式短語，能夠在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。網(wǎng)如：（1）Hedoesn'tknowliowgu翌申巳mMEg.（不加式作K語）比方；（1）Hedoesn'tknowhowfous巳th巳machine（不疋成作賓語）比方t口）Hedoesn'tknowhowtous匕tlwmachine（不宜成作賓誦）比方：（1）Hedoesnlknoi1使役動詞let,have,make:2感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,fine等后作賓補,省略to。注意:在被動語態(tài)中則to不能夠省卻。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【難點】6不定式的特別句型：1tooto太而不能夠so/such+adj/adv+asto+v表結(jié)果Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2enoughtodo足以做Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3Whynot+動詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為:"為何不?Whynottakeaholiday?4soas(nottodo:inordertodoonlytodotodo表示目的DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5用作介詞的“to”okforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于;be/getusedto習(xí)慣等等。IC*TmH動名詞的用法二、動詞的-ing形式:形式主動式被動式般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般時態(tài)Doyoumindmysmokinghere?動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作此后或者兩個動作同時發(fā)生完成時態(tài)Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作從前在下邊兩種句型中，只好用動名詞There+be+no+動名詞Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+動名詞ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking.只好夠接動名詞的動詞也許動詞短語dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比較：1共同點:動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的-ing形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，所以它們一般都能夠放在句中除了謂語之外的其余地址。差別①動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后邊的動作還未發(fā)生，其他,若謂語動詞后邊的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行②動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞此后組成動賓短語或介賓短3接不定式或動名詞，意義同樣:begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoingcontinuetodocontinuedoing4動名詞與不定式語義不同樣：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing分詞的用法現(xiàn)在分詞（doing/havingdone和過去分詞（done現(xiàn)在分詞的用法用作謂語的一部分，和助動詞一起組成進(jìn)行時態(tài)Whatareyoudoingnow?2.作定語1所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2所修飾名詞的特色和性質(zhì)Donoreadinamovingcar.3.作表語，表示主語的特色和性質(zhì)Thestoryisinteresting.4.作賓語補足語（seewatchnoticehearfindgetkee等Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.過去分詞的用法過去分詞一般表示完成的也許被動的動作用作謂語的一部分，和助動詞一起組成完成時態(tài)也許被動語態(tài)Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.2.作定語Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.過去分詞作定語時放在名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語時放在名詞后邊作表語Thecupisbroken.作賓語補足語Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，形態(tài)上完整同樣，動詞加上ing但是二者有一個實質(zhì)的差別，現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，而動名詞起名詞的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考點講解】1、考察非謂語動詞用作主語不定式或動名詞用作主語，而分詞不能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)句子中的主語。［考例】h'sverynice__________picturesforme［天津］ofyoutodrawforyoutodrawforyoudrawingofyoudrawing［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察lt's+形容詞+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it為形式主語,todo是真切的主語，當(dāng)形容詞是表示質(zhì)量意思時，應(yīng)該用ofsb.,其余形容詞用forsb.,故此題答案為Ao2、考察非謂語動詞用作賓語【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy_____allthewindows?Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］closeBwillcloseC.closingD.toclose［答案］C［剖析］動詞mind意為介意”后跟動詞時，應(yīng)使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badminton［07黔嶺東南州］toplayBplayingC.played［答案］B［剖析］enjoy后跟動詞的ing形式作賓語，即:enjoydoingsomething,意為--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumind___thewindows?OK」'IIdoitrightnow.［黃岡市］A.notclosingBnotopeningCclosingD.opening［答案］D［剖析］mind是中考的要點考察詞匯，此后跟v—ing表示介意”。---Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble______thetext.一Remember___itthreetimesatleast威海市］A.tounderstand;readingBunderstanding;readingCunderstanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toreadatnight.［答案］C［剖析］havetroubledoingsomething意為做某事有困難”所以答案在B與C中。remembertodosomething意為記得（去做某事”,rememberdoingsomething意為記得做過某事”由對話的語境可知，前者正確。--Howareyoufeelinghere?【礙例】lthsverynice_________picturesfornne［天;聿］howwhenC.whetherD.where［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑問詞是走仍是留下來?！睉?yīng)選Co

+動詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意

我不知道【右例】Itsverynice_________picturesforme.［天津］for,toto,towith,for［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察主語+feel/think/make/find+it+adj.+forsb.+todosth.句中it為形式賓語,todo是真切的賓語，”故此題答案為AoThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Icantdecide河北］whattoeathowtoeatwheretoeatwhentoeat*TIfQM［答案］:A

o

［剖析］考察疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意

我不能夠決定吃什么?！睉?yīng)選

Ao12.---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon'tknow---Let'sreadtheinstruction河南課改試驗區(qū)］A.whattouseB.whichonetousehowtouseitwhentouseit［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意我不知道怎樣使用。”應(yīng)選Co13.lttookmydaughtertwoweeks________thenovels______byYandHongying.［濰坊］read;writtentoread;writtenreading;towritetoread;wrote［答案］:Bo［剖析］Ittakes+sb.+sometime+todosth表示花銷多長時間做某事,novel與write的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞,表示被動。故答案為B。Driversarewarned_______whentheyaretired佛山］todrivenotdrivenottodrive［答案］:Co［剖析］考察動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。否定形式是在to前面加not。應(yīng)選CIfyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you'dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.［大連］howtousehowtomakewheretomendwheretobuy［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意若是你想要知道怎樣使用手機的話，你最好先看一看說明書。”應(yīng)選A。Chinawillspendabout52billionyuanofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod

___newairportsand__oldonesinthewest期間.［07臨沂市］repairing;buildingBtobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build［答案］C［剖析］此題主若是考察動詞spend的用法。spend...doingsomething意為花銷做某事”由此可消除B、D兩項。再從句意上看，應(yīng)是修建”新機場，維修”舊機場。3.___________________________________studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［泰州市］hearB1istentoClisteningtoDhearingof［答案］C［剖析］此題考察了介詞后跟動詞的狀況。payattentionto意為注意”其中to是介詞，所今后邊的動詞應(yīng)使用動名詞形式。hearof意為聽聞”與句意不符。3、考察非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語原則上，全部的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語，其差別是:不定式表將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成和被動【考例】Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.北京市課標(biāo)卷］getgottogetgetting［答案］：C。［剖析］asksb.todosth表示讓某人做某事，此句話的意思為：愛麗絲叫我給她再帶一個包。”O(jiān)urparentsoftentellusnotaloneintherive『insummer.swimtoswimswimming［答案］:B。［剖析］考察動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法。tellsb.todosth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecre繩興］totellnotnottotellC.don'ttellD.nottell［答案］:Bo［剖析］tellsb.todosth.表示告訴某人做某事,tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。Bettyisoftenseen_____theoldmanwithhishousework咸寧］helptohelphelpedhelps［答案］:Bo［剖析］考察感官動詞后接動詞不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役動詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式不帶to。當(dāng)使役動詞和感官動詞變成被動語態(tài)時，不定式就成了主語補語，作主語補語的不定式一定加too應(yīng)選BoTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________________howmuchtheymeantous哈爾濱］toknowknowingknow［答案］:Co［剖析］考察動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法。makesb.dosth表示使某人”應(yīng)選Co---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesus_______proud.包頭］feeltofeelfeltfeeling［答案］:A0［剖析］考察感官動詞后接動詞不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役動詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式不帶tOo應(yīng)選A。4、考察非謂語動詞用作定語【屯例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes__________.（2004江西省'南昌〕towashwashedwashtobewashed［答案］:A［命題立意］:此題考察動詞不定式作定語的用法。［試題剖析］:作定語用的不定式的邏輯主語是句中主語或賓語時，就用主動式的不定式來表被動意義。應(yīng)選A。5、考察非謂語動詞用作狀語【岳例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes_________.（2004江西省南匕）buyboughttobuybuying［答案］：C。［剖析］考察不定式作目的狀語的用法。句意為：我們?nèi)ソ鼇淼某壥袌鲑I些飲料?！盜norder________thewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface樂山］makesmakingtomakemake［答案］：C。［剖析］考察動詞不定式作目的狀語的特別結(jié)構(gòu)。inordertodosth表示為”的意思，不定式作目的狀語。應(yīng)選Co_______.福州市］一Theregoesthebel一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstoptalkBtotalkC.talkingD.nottalk［答案］C［剖析］動詞stop后既可接動詞不定式作賓語，即:stoptodosth也能夠接動詞的一ing形式作定語，即:stopdoingsth。前者表示停下來（開始做后邊的動作，后者表示停止當(dāng)前的動作。由語境鈴響了，到了上課時間,應(yīng)停止講話”可知,應(yīng)選C項。【提升題】選擇題。1.Thedoctorcame_____oureyes.toexamineforexaminingastoexamineexamining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.toworkworkworkingworked_____ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.CleaningB.CleanC.CleanedD.Toclean_____isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveThis,givingIt,togiveIt,givingIttookyears_____thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis____ahouseoftheirown.tohaveforhavinghaveofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.tolet,taketolet,totakeletting,takelet,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.lendinglenttolendinlending9.Idon'tlike_____people_________abouttheirneighbours.hear,talkingtohear,talkingtohear,totalkhearing,talked10.Ihaven'tdecided______totakewhichtrainwhichtotakeatrainwhichtraintotakewhichtraintaken11.Youmustremember___meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togivegavegive12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents__________Chinesefromthem.

English,andhelearnedhowtospeak,speakinghowtospeak,tospeakhowspeaking,speakinghowspeak,tospeak13.—Sorry,Iforgot_______youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.tellingItoldtoldtotellIwonder________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinviteIhope________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage16.—Wouldyoulike_______youthewaythere?三一教育知識點燃夢想成就小初高高效培優(yōu)教育第一品牌一It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dpreferA.livingB.tolivealoneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.D.forhimtoliveC.thathelives18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow19.Sineenobodytoldher,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedid20.B.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodoMyauntshowedme____.B.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmadeA.howtomakeadress21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried________moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake___________losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto24.Patshouldlove_____littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake25.Weenjoy_A.runB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakeverymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.B.runningC.torunD.ran26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.——Oh,Iforgot.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest—Notatall.D.iftelling28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totell29.Hepromised_____________adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methath