高考英語閱讀理解 七選五解題技巧 課件

閱讀理解七選五解題技巧(上)要點(diǎn)二、命題原則三、解題技巧一、考查意圖《高考英語考試說明》:此題型旨在考查“考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。”一、考查意圖1.篇幅長(zhǎng)度：語篇總詞數(shù)計(jì)300詞左右。其中，文章250詞左右，7個(gè)選項(xiàng)50詞左右。二、命題原則2.體裁—主要為說明文。2019年全國新課標(biāo)卷3建立健康有益的互動(dòng)交流2019年全國新課標(biāo)卷II激發(fā)動(dòng)力的方法2019年全國新課標(biāo)卷I新鮮空氣對(duì)健康的益處2018年全國新課標(biāo)卷3舞蹈的力量說明文說明文說明文說明文2.體裁—主要為說明文。2018年全國新課標(biāo)卷II晨練給人們帶來的好處2018年全國新課標(biāo)卷I顏色在家居設(shè)計(jì)中的作用2017年全國新課標(biāo)卷3保持好的生活作息2017年全國新課標(biāo)卷II工作時(shí)如何不被打斷說明文說明文說明文說明文2.體裁—主要為說明文。2017年全國新課標(biāo)卷I對(duì)野外宿營態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變2016年全國新課標(biāo)卷3吃魚對(duì)人的好處以及挑選魚和做魚的方法2016年全國新課標(biāo)卷IIAgardenthat'sjustrightforyou2016年全國新課標(biāo)卷ISecretcodes在生活中的作用及密碼學(xué)的三種基本類型記敘文說明文說明文說明文2.體裁—主要為說明文。2015年全國新課標(biāo)卷II介紹如何準(zhǔn)備跑馬拉松2015年全國新課標(biāo)卷IBuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain2014年全國新課標(biāo)卷IITipsforCookingonaTightSchedule2014年全國新課標(biāo)卷I父母如何幫助孩子培養(yǎng)從事未來工作的能力和潛質(zhì)說明文說明文說明文說明文3.考點(diǎn)：

主旨概括句(文章整體或段落內(nèi)容)

過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）

細(xì)節(jié)句（上下文邏輯意義）三、解題技巧看設(shè)空位置段首段中段尾讀全文→→找聯(lián)系思邏輯析選項(xiàng)設(shè)空位置：2019全國I------段首:2;段中:32019全國II------段首:1;段中:42019全國3------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:12018全國I------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:12018全國II------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12018全國3------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12017全國I------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:12017全國II------段首:1;段中:42017全國3------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:1建議三步曲做“七選五”第一步：先做段首、段尾題，縮小排查范圍第二步：剩余選項(xiàng)細(xì)排查，利用句間關(guān)系來判定第三步：代入選項(xiàng)通讀原文，句意暢通來驗(yàn)證1.段首：主旨概括句（段落小標(biāo)題、主題句）承上啟下句（連貫上段和本段的內(nèi)容）主旨概括句是指概括文章主題的句子,或者統(tǒng)領(lǐng)某一段落的句子。做此類題要注意兩個(gè)方面:1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段與結(jié)尾段,尤其是文章的首段及結(jié)尾段的末句,因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式在英語中很常見。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,如果它不是主題句,可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式,如兩者均不是,則在文章的其他段落尋找主題句,但仍然不能忽略首段與末段的提示作用。2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落,各段落會(huì)依據(jù)文章的主題展開,對(duì)文章主題的不同方面進(jìn)行闡述。找出各段的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其大意,就容易確定一個(gè)段落的主旨句。承上啟下過渡性語句的考查主要是從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度出題,在文中起到承上啟下的行文作用。做此類題需要注意文章的結(jié)構(gòu),有“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu),也有“分—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)。無論什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu),都需要聯(lián)結(jié)文章的過渡性語句。過渡句通常對(duì)上面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),或者以問句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí),要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容。例如：2015年全國新課標(biāo)1卷●

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Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.● 39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.●Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,……A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.AC段首時(shí)：關(guān)注本段中心詞緊扣下文2.段尾：總結(jié)概括句（總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含總結(jié)性詞語）

承上啟下句（連貫本段和下段的內(nèi)容）

例如：2014年全國新課標(biāo)卷IIThinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthereisnothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaboutofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsready?__37__A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.G段尾時(shí)：內(nèi)容關(guān)聯(lián)概括貼切A.Makechoicethatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.（活學(xué)活用：2014北京）EvaluatingSources(來源)ofhealthInformation

Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71Gototheoriginalsource.......Watchformisleadinglanguage.......Useyourcommonsense.......75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.......GA3.段中：少有過渡句；細(xì)節(jié)句居多；

1)句式結(jié)構(gòu)

2)

“代詞”的指代推理

3)瞻前顧后，抓細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)鍵詞

4)銜接過渡詞難點(diǎn)技巧Tips

for

Cooking

on

a

Tight

ScheduleFrommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.

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MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.過渡句B

1)句式結(jié)構(gòu)排比;反問;對(duì)比;并列的祈使句…細(xì)節(jié)句1)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例如：2015年全國新課標(biāo)2卷

Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.

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,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.39.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.......介詞+時(shí)間單位A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile均為時(shí)間狀語ADtip：分析句型,了解語法構(gòu)成當(dāng)我們了解了文章大意后,要明確每一個(gè)空是填一個(gè)整句子還是半個(gè)句子。這一點(diǎn)十分重要,它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項(xiàng)范圍。比如,有一個(gè)空的結(jié)尾處沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),后文緊跟著一個(gè)句子的后半部分,很顯然這時(shí)我們需要填的是半個(gè)句子,這時(shí)便可以在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找到是半個(gè)句子的選項(xiàng),從而縮小選擇范圍。1.Thinkahead.......2.Makeyourtimeworthit.......3.

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Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,moreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.A活學(xué)活用：Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.

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Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!

A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.本文是一篇議論文。作者對(duì)日程緊張的情況下如何做烹調(diào)提出了一些建議。F活學(xué)活用：

英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。

2)

“代詞”的指代推理2015年全國新課標(biāo)2卷…Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.37.Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.D.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.NowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtimeE例如：

_____Improvedthinkingabilitieswillhelpthemtounderstandmorebothinacademicsenseandinasanindividual.Thinkingisaskill.Creativethinkingtechniquescandevelopchildren’smind.Thinkingisatool,anditissomethingthatcanbesharpened.themchildren活學(xué)活用1：

C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.活學(xué)活用2：

Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore,37It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.Theythey

______Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.

Alwaysloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.self-imagesSelf-imageimagea.)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。3)瞻前顧后，抓細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)鍵詞Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.________A.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.B.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonyourmood.C.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.arearoundSurround````````````````````````````````````b.)詞匯同現(xiàn)法

`

詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯或者跟此詞匯相關(guān)同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密（如：

例如：2014年全國新課標(biāo)II卷Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.___40__Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.4)銜接過渡詞:語篇連貫性的靈魂!

Tip:作答時(shí)，當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)某一個(gè)空有兩個(gè)不同的答案猶豫不決時(shí),我們需找出上下文和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，分辨其強(qiáng)調(diào)的不同點(diǎn)，看看哪項(xiàng)更符合上下文，再將其分別代入原文,選擇最佳答案。(a)并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore等(b)因果關(guān)系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason等?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有：(c)轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof等(d)時(shí)間關(guān)系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,inthemeantime,later,next,then,以及一些具體的時(shí)間等。(e)解釋關(guān)系：thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orrather常考的邏輯關(guān)系有：Ex.1…_________Somechooseitbecauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Otherssayitprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytobetogether.Theysayhomeoffersabetterplaceforlearning.Someparents….A.Soanumberofparentsbeganhome-schoolingB.Home–schoolingisnotacceptedbyallthepeopleC.Parentschoosehome–schoolingforseveralreasonsD.Mostoften,theirparentsaretheirteachersseveralreasonsEx.2…ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired._______However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake….A.So,what’sagoodsleep?B.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp.C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.shouldhelpalsohelpEx.3

Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentin