版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料202112月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampus.Youarenowtowriteareportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)12第二套相同,因此本套聽(tīng)力部分不再重復(fù)給出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjustchasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou're stillfilledwith_26Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto_27,oreventurnoff,thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?Research is_28, but some studies suggest that people who can masterluciddreaming—thatis,theabilitytobe_29thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup—mayholdthe_30Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors_31don'tconsideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan_32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby_33research,accordingto the American Academyof Sleep Medicine, whichanalyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent_34publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople_35tohavedifferentkindsofnightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.A)amountI)mechanicalB)answerJ)resultC)avoidK)reviewD)awareL)rigorousE)departG)fearM)tendO)typicallyF)drasticallyH)limitedN)timiditySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyitmattersthatteensarereadinglessMostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday'steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.Digitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,youngpeoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.Andthatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimatewouldnodoubtrise.C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasiteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradaytoanhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemostadultsspendperweekatwork.Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveupsomeotheractivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaandentertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessoftheother.Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemoviesonceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieissomethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonisthatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthatmostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday'steensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonotethatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurveyallowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheirdailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostofthemarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinkingandreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveeverbeensince1972.Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebookswrittenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehendinglongerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteensssmartphonesandreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.ResearchhasshownthatsmartphonesarecurrentlyAmericanteens'mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withoutasmartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteensneedtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmediatimetomentalhealthissuessuggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,arestrictionthatwillalsoallowtimeforotheractivities—likegoingtothemovieswithfriendsorreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythewidespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggestnegativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebestwaystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefactfromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudentandaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies.alotwillgowithit.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchlessoftenthantheyusedto.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthreetimesover20years.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeanadecreaseoftimeforotheractivities.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles.Overadecadeorso,Americanteens'socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivitytoaroutineone.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthanaroundfourdecadesago.Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursadayonelectronicdevices.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearliergenerations.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileitmaysoundsafetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackoftouchingmightimplycoldattitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.SowhatshouldwedoThesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsforphysicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(術(shù)語(yǔ)),physicalcontactandthestudyoftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedintotwogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contactcultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,areconsideredtobeinhigh-contactcultures,wheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness. Despite theclassification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelationalcloseness,gender,age,andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing,butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends,closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoauniversalgreetingform,itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However,gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheck-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoramanandawomanbutnottwomen.IncontrastincertainArabianAfricanandAsiancountriesmencanpubliclyholdhandsorshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggestaromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworldAlthoughmen'stouchingismorenormalintheseculturesphysicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersisnegativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile觸覺(jué)的communicationandphysicalintimacyThereforeifyouaresomeonewholovestoshowphysicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviorsjustaskforconsentbeforehand!Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest?Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.Whatdowelearmaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries?Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic大流行病andbeyondtheissuesfacingtoday'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamicYetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnewapproachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinkingAstudyledbyYaleProfessorofPsychologyPaulO'Keefefoundthathavingagrowthmindset(思維傾向ofinterestmaysparkthistypeofinnovation.ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthenatureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbedevelopedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestsareinherent(Buildingonthese
生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobe'found.'findings,thelatestresearchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthetraditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajorsbycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.Aftercodingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindsetofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajorslikecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas,likecomputationalchemistry.AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,“Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizationswhoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesforexample.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge,butalsoanunderstandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowthmindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgetoachievebettersolutions.”Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCO
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 建筑照明拆除施工合同
- 音樂(lè)制作土地廠房租賃合同范本
- 鄭州商鋪交易合同關(guān)鍵條款
- 建筑材料招標(biāo)授權(quán)書
- 星巴克加盟合作租賃協(xié)議
- 鐵路工程合同管理實(shí)施細(xì)則
- 辦公空間綠色環(huán)保裝修合同
- 教育機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)計(jì)招聘合同樣本
- 防腐保溫施工合同
- 2025年度智能交通系統(tǒng)施工合同3篇
- 2024年國(guó)家低壓電工電工作業(yè)證理論考試題庫(kù)(含答案)
- 2025年上半年山西呂梁市柳林縣招聘畢業(yè)生70人到村(社區(qū))工作(第二批)重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)提升(共500題)附帶答案詳解
- 湖北省荊州市荊州八縣市區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末聯(lián)考生物學(xué)試題
- 2024年非煤礦山年終安全生產(chǎn)工作總結(jié)
- 2024北京海淀初一(上)期末語(yǔ)文試卷及答案
- CMQOE質(zhì)量組織卓越認(rèn)證經(jīng)理歷年考試真題試題庫(kù)(中文版)
- 部編版2024-2025學(xué)年三年級(jí)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)文期末測(cè)試卷(含答案)
- 研發(fā)部年終總結(jié)(33篇)
- 公路工程施工組織設(shè)計(jì)(投標(biāo)用)
- 一年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算題專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1000題集錦
- 《預(yù)防性侵安全教育》主題班會(huì)教案
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論