專題16-第十六章定語從句（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（教師版）-2021-2022學年英語初升高銜接大串講（牛津譯林版2020）

第十六章定語從句初中知識回顧回顧：定語從句定語從句所修飾的詞叫作先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞叫作關系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)或關系副詞(when,where),關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。.通常只能用that的情況(1)當先行詞是不定代詞all,fcw,littlc,much,somcthing.anything,nothing5cvcrything等時。(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。(3)如果先行詞既指人又指物，應用關系代詞Ihat。.通常只用which的情況(I)引導非限定性定語從句，用關系代詞which指代前面整個句子的內容。(2)引導非限定性定語從句，而且先行詞指物時只能用which,不用that?(3)如果句中有兩個定語從句，如果兩個從句都可以用that引導，那么其中一個應改用which引導。.who,whom與whose引導的定語從句⑴如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語用who,作賓語用whom,不用which.o⑵在非限制性定語從句中，指人作主語用who,作賓語用whom,不用whicho(3)在定語從句中，作定語的關系代詞只能用whose,它相當于thc+名詞+of+which/whom;非限制性定語從句中還有“代詞/數(shù)詞+of+、vhich八vhom”結構。.關系副詞where,when與why引導的定語從句它們相當于“介詞+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+whicho.介詞+關系代詞當關系代詞作介詞的賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關系代詞先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”,指人則用“介詞+whom”,且兩個關系代詞均不能省略。介詞的studyandalsoinspiredme.DeterminedtoliveAupotoexpectationsofmyteachersorparents,Idevotedand。what。myselftosolvealltheproblemsinmystudyandthenmadeprogress.I'mmorethangratefulforthathehassolving?doneforme,fromwhomI'vegottoknowitisnevertoolatetogetbackwhenthereisstillhope,which?選擇要遵循兩個原則：根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定。Litisthesamewithourlives.Thosechoosetoliveinpeacemusthelptheirneighborstoliveinpeace.who【解析】設空處所在句含有定語從句，先行詞為“Those”,指代人，故關系代詞用“who”。從后一句“Thosewhochoose”也可知答案。."AnyonehasheardaboutSeattle'strainmaythinkthisiskindoffun/'MeKaulaysaid.who【解析】句意:“任何聽說過西雅圖火車的人可能認為這有點好玩。"McKaulay說道。由句子結構可判斷出此處引導定語從句，先行詞為anyone,故填關系代詞who。.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperiencepeoplecannotgelathome,that/which【解析】句意:電影院可能會有一個更光明的未來，如果它們能提供給人們一種在家里無法獲得的電影經歷。本題考查定語從句。當先行詞是表示事物的名詞時，關系代詞用that或whicho.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingcomesintosightissonewtome.that【解析】句意:在過去的10年里我們的城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。對我來說,出現(xiàn)在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本題考查定語從句。由先行詞Everylhing可知關系代詞只能使用〔hat。.—Whydon'tyoulikefishing?一Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI'mnotpatientatall.that/which【解析】句意:一你為什么不喜歡釣魚?一釣魚是一項需要許多耐心的愛好，但是我一點耐心都沒有。本題考查定語從句。先行詞hobby（愛好）指事物，關系代詞應用that或which。.RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramishotamongtheyoungpeople.that/which【解析】句意：《奔跑吧兄弟》是一個十分令人放松而且在年輕人中很受歡迎的電視節(jié)目。本題考查定語從句。由先行詞program可知關系代詞應用that/which。高中定語從句一.定義定語從句：在句子中起定語作用，修飾句中的名詞或代詞的從句。先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞。結構：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關系代詞/副詞+定語從句強著連接上從句，指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用二,關系代詞引導的定語從句who/that：Ishethemanwho/ihatwantstoseeyou?（在從句中作主語和賓語）先行詞為是人的名詞或代詞1whom：Heisthemanwhom/who/thatIsawyesterday.（在從句中作賓語）whose：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.?先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞.（在從句中作定語）which/lhat:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappears（在從句中作主語和賓語）inthecountryside.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttofalldown.whose:Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.（在從句中作定語）考點一考查關系代詞引導的定語從句I.Apersone-mailaccountisfullwon'tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.（天津卷）A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever2.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.（安徽卷）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhomMyfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.（全國II）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itWheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.（山東卷）A.whoB.whichC.whenD.thatICo【解析】在所給的四個關系代詞中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選C。又如：Abooksellerisapersonwhosejobissellingbooks.書商就是其職業(yè)是賣書的人。2B?！窘馕觥浚╤eir是物主代詞，不是關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，所以不能選;在其余三個選項中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選句意為：許多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他們在家鄉(xiāng)被照顧得很好。3A?！窘馕觥坑捎趦蓚€句子之間沒有并列連詞，所以不能選B或D;而where是關系副詞，不能用作主語;which在此引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句中用作主語。又如：Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得開車很快，這是很危險的。4Bo【解析】that不能用于引導非限制性定語從句，故可排除;when是關系副詞，不用作主語，故也可排除;who用于指人，但這里的定語從句不是修飾her,而是修飾wheneverImether,故不能用who,此處應用whicho又如：Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.他說他從沒見到過她,這是不真實的。三.關系副詞引導的定語從句[when:Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.（介詞+which）先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞《（關系副詞在從句中作狀語）叫判斷關系代詞與關系副詞ri.用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞：而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。2.準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞?？键c一考查關系副詞引導的定語從句Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehouseA.whereB.whenIt'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_A.thatB.whenLifeislikealongracewecomwhere:Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)1wasborn..why:Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.I,llneverfbrgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)_hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arcbothmuseumsnow.(上海卷)C.thereD.whichtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.(福建卷)C.whichD.wherepetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.(重慶卷)A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereShe'llneverforgetherstaythere,shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefbre.（四川卷）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenBecauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.sincelAo【解析】由于定語從句hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”的主語和賓語是完整的,所以不能選D；when指時間，不用于修飾表地點的先行詞Ihehouse,故也不能選;而Ihere不是關系詞，不能引導定語從句。2Do【解析】由于定語從句theycanseethemselvesdifferently的主語和賓語是完整的，所以不能選A和C；when指時間，不用「修飾表地點的先行詞asiuiation,故也不能選。3D?！窘馕觥坑捎诙ㄕZ從句wccompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves的句子結構是完整的，不缺主語或賓語，所以不能選C；why引導定語從句，其先行?詞只能是thereason,而不用于其他場合，故不能選;what不是關系詞，不能用于引導定語從句，故也可排除;where在此引導定語從句，修飾名詞race,相當于inwhicho句意為：人生就像一場長途賽跑，在賽跑中我們?yōu)榱顺阶晕叶c別人競爭。4Do【解析】that不用于引導非限制性定語從句，故被排除;which引導定語從句必須在定語從句中充當主語或賓語,與本題的句子結構不符，故也被排除;where引導定語從句時;其前先行詞只能是表示地點的名詞，而本題的先行詞herstayihere（她待在那兒期間）不是表地點，而是表時間，故C也可排除；關系副詞when在此引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞herstay。句意為：她永遠不會忘記她待在那兒的那段時間，在此其間她找到了她兩年前失蹤的孩子。5B?！窘馕觥縲hen在此用于引導定語從句，修飾名詞days。此題的難點是先行詞days與關系副詞when之間被aregone,容易誤解句子結構。句意為：由于金融危機，當?shù)匚逍羌壻e館每晚收費6,000元的R子已經過去了。五.關系代詞that的用法1）不用ihal的情況a）引導非限定性定語從句時。例如：（錯）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b）介詞后不能用。例如：Wcdependonthe\,indfromwhichwcgetourfood.我們依賴土地獲得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a）在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。b）在不定代詞,如：anything,nothing,theone,alLmuch,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用whichoIsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverything（hathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察c）先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時，只用ihat。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatismissing.d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatarcsoldinthebookshop.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如:Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.六.定語從句中只用which而不用that情況①當關系代詞前有介詞時:Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.②引導非限制性定語從句只用Which。which可代表先行詞或者前句，譯成“這一點，這件事”。Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameill.③先行詞是that,those且指物時，關系詞用whichoWhat'sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?④一個句子兩個定語從句，為避免重復，一個用that,另一個用whichoLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.隨堂練習一.單句填空l.In1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis,wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedherdream.【答案】who.Hesaid,U...Iaddedasmallmoustache,wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression?)【答案】which.Theact,forbidstrading,waspassedin1448andisstillinforce.【答案】which.0urofficewasn'tfarfromChinatown,IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants.【答案】where.Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadachetormanycarowners,especiallyforthoseliveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces.【答案】who.Nowmillionsoffansareeagerlyawaitingitseighthandfinalseason,startsonApril14.【答案】which.AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecounlryshewasborn.【答案】where.Thereareperhaps40millioncompetitive(abletennisplayersandmanyordinarypeopleplaylessseriously.【答案】who.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanworkandlegacywillliveonformanyyears.【答案】whose.ThatisanOxfordcollege,famousgraduatesincludethelateBenazirBhutto.【答案】whose.Butit'snotlikemanyothercountries(hereseemstobetensionamongthedifferentcultures.【答案】where.Then,afire,brokeoutin1969onCleveland'sCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater.【答案】which.Pupils,usuallycomefromthefifthorsixthgrade,aredividedintodifferentteamsandtrytowritedowneverywordaccordingtoitspronunciation.【答案】who14.1amalreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisitIcanshowthemmoreofwhatSevilleoffers.【答案】when二.單句改錯15.ItwillbetenmonthsbeforeIattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination,thatmakesmeworried.【答案】that—>which16.1haveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,shelivesalonebuthasapetdog.Sparky.【答案】she—>who17.Intheyear2013whichIwas15,1joinedanexchangestudentprogram.【答案】which—>whcn18.It'sablacksquaresuitcase,whatisjustasbigasaschoolbag.【答案】what-which19.WhenIwas12,ImetMary.ShecametoChinawithherparents,whomtaughtEnglishinauniversity.【答案】whomTwhoTherewasatime[IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2_myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3Imetmanystrangers,!missedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5_Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsointroducedagoodpartnertome,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldtalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into8Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BefbreIgotosleep,!recallthepassages,through9Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhavepcrscvcrancc,youwillmasterEnglishsoonerorlater.”..9.10.【答案】Xiamen,1(lie)inFujianProvince,isafamouscoastalcity.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Xiamenisverycleanandpretty.Inthatcity,wecanenjoytheclearsky,thebeautifulsea,2greentropicalplants.3XiamenisinthesoutheastofChinaandclosetothesea,it'sneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.Thebestseasons(ogotoXiamenarebothspringandsummer.Besides,4aresomefamoustouristsitesinXiamen.AndthemostbeautifulscenicspotisGulangyuIsland.Wecanvisitforeignbuildings,nicegardens,beautifulparks,andtraditionalmuseumsthere.5weareinXiamen,6wecan'tmissistogotoGulangyuIsland,7wewon'thaveagoodtime.However,inrecentyears,Xiamenhasbecomealotmoremodern8itusedtobe.Nowadays,moreandmoreskyscrapersandshoppingmallshavebeenbuilt,9makesXiamenawonderfulcityforsightseeingandshopping.SoI