高考專題：完形填空(暗示性詞語)

完形填空解題指導(dǎo)——暗示性詞語(cluewords)完形填空試題命題策略

完形填空是考查學(xué)生在語境中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z詞完成語篇表達(dá)的能力，具體包括語篇理解能力以及在具體語境中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用語詞的能力考點(diǎn)完形填空考查的語篇層面的語詞運(yùn)用能力。語篇理解：70%語句理解：30%?？键c(diǎn)應(yīng)該覆蓋考綱所規(guī)定的考點(diǎn)，實(shí)義詞占80%，虛詞一般只占20%。難、易度通過本句---易通過本句與上句下句理解--中通過整篇理解---難提示性語句離試題本句越遠(yuǎn)，難度越大。也應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)少量根據(jù)生活常識(shí)等圖式才能判斷選擇答案的試題。知識(shí)目標(biāo)：

●了解句子、段落、篇章中銜接與連貫語義場(chǎng)的暗示性詞語(cluewords)及其顯性暗示和隱性暗示的七種手段。

●掌握完形填空中運(yùn)用顯性暗示和隱性暗示的解題技巧，并利用其解題。Leading-inGuessthemissingwordsinthesongI’ma

NewSoul.BrainstormingI’maNewSoulI’ma_______soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_________.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_________findingmyselfmakingeverypossible___________la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...

I’ma________soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand________.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...___New_____________________newtakefearmistakeyoungfaithWhatisaclueword?

Aclueword(暗示詞)

isawordthatislinkedtotheanswer,soitisveryusefulinacloze.Accordingtothecluewords,you'llfinditmucheasiertodoacloze.Acluewordcanbefoundeither________or________theblanks.beforeafterThepositionofaclueword?Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

school.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthenight.3)Itissourgentthathehasnotimetoexplainmore.4)Lindaslippedandfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemusttreasureourtime.Findoutthecluewordsinthefollowingsentenceswithin20seconds.20191817161514131211109876543211)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

_______.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkinthe

day,butalso

workduringthe_____.3)Itissourgentthathehas___timeto

explainmore.4)Linda________andfelldownthestairs

becausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_______

ourtime.schoolnightnoslippedtreasureHiddenClues隱性暗示ClueWords提示詞Intermsofthe

relationship

betweenthecluewordsandthekeysObviousClues

顯性暗示

1)

第一種顯性暗示手段:同詞暗示（同源詞）

有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出現(xiàn)，可以借助這一信息選擇正確答案。如：

Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswordseveragain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21(automatically)loggedin?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.（NMET2007廣東）22.A.face

B.password

C.software

D.system

__________2)第二種顯性暗示手段：同義詞、近義詞暗示

原文表達(dá)中，可借助意思相同或相近的詞，有時(shí)則是用解釋性的語言來連接上下文的語義。如：

Oneofthemostpopulartrendstodayisforfamiliesandgroupstogowithathemewhenchoosingtheircostumes.Forexample,costumesmightbe__4__onthebasisofafavoritemovie,fairytale,orsomeotherconnectingtheme.4.A.purchasedB.selectedC.gainedD.rewarded__________3)第三種顯性暗示手段：反義詞暗示

語意的連貫有時(shí)通過對(duì)比的結(jié)構(gòu)采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)

的手段，或者是以反義的方式對(duì)前文加以解釋。應(yīng)注意分析這類概念復(fù)現(xiàn)，從反義的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。(NMET-2007-全國(guó)II)WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.Idecidedto21acarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore22home.21.A.borrow B.drive C.buy D.choose22.A.leaving B.making C.returning D.getting________________________4)第四種顯性暗示手段：上下義詞暗示

上下義詞是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關(guān)系,上義詞是總稱詞,下義詞是其包含的個(gè)體或種類。Hetaughtherhowtorelyonother_____,specificallyherhearing.(NMET2010湖北)A.feelings B.organsC.skills D.senses_________上義詞sports______________renewableenergy______________下義詞badminton,running,football…rice,noodles,bread…_______________________table,sofa,bed…WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand_________andtoldmethatIcouldbecomeawriter.(NMET2010江蘇)A.camera B.radioC.bicycle D.typewriter5)第一種隱性暗示：同一話題（場(chǎng)景）暗示

某些詞匯或表達(dá)是圍繞同一個(gè)話題或同一個(gè)場(chǎng)景展開的。_______(NMET-2007全國(guó)II)Ihadtriedoutamodellikeit(bicycle)before,butasIwasnotyet24drivinginthiscity,mywifedidnotwantmetocollectit25

sowewenttogetherto26it.24.A.sureof B.satisfiedwith C.interestedinD.usedto25.A.onmyownB.rightaway C.inahurry D.ontheway26.A.receive B.bring C.order D.fetch6)第二種隱性暗示：因果暗示

在同一個(gè)句子或段落中，有時(shí)前后的詞語之間存在必然的因果關(guān)系。____________________________________________________7)第三種隱性暗示：搭配暗示

形容詞和名詞之間、動(dòng)詞和副詞之間、動(dòng)詞和賓語存在的搭配關(guān)系。(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)And(theprofessor)wentonsaying,“Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”41.A．learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.A．loseB.trustC.sharpenD.show__________________ObviousClues顯性暗示HiddenClues

隱性暗示Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandtheblanks

同詞（同源詞）同義詞、近義詞3.反義詞4.上下義詞ClueWords提示詞

同一話題（場(chǎng)景）2.因果3.搭配Let’sapplyourskillsoffindingcluewordstodotheclozetestsinNMET2010&2011Guangdong.NMET2010GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeywords:____________________________(cultural)differencesdoorsControlled-practice

21、22、23同詞（同源詞）暗示；24、25反義暗示

Everycountryhasitsownculture.Eventhougheachcountryusesdoors,doorsmayhave21functionsandpurposeswhichleadto22differences.

WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferent23andtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding. Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.ForquiteafewtimesIfailedtogooutofashoppingcentreandwasembarrassed.A.differentB.importantC.practicalD.unusual22.A.nationalB.embarrassing

C.culturalD.amazing23.A.exitsB.entrancesC.signsD.doors24.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close25.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.backdoordoorgooutofdifferent__________________doorsdoordoors

Half-controlledpractice:

因果暗示2題；近義詞暗示1題；同詞（同源詞）暗示1題、反義詞暗示1題。

Thewayofusingschoolbusdoorswasalso

26tome.

Iusedtotaketheschoolbustoclasses.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,27whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton

28. InSouthKorea,wedonotneedtowaitforpeopletogetoff.Onemorning,Ihurriedtothebus,andwhenthebusdoorsopened,I29triedtogetontheschoolbusthroughthefrontdoor.Allthestudentsaroundlookedatme,Iwastotally30,andmyfacewentred.（NMET2010廣東）26.A.annoyingB.hard C.satisfying D.strange27.A.parentsB.students C.teachersD.drivers28.A.soonerB.later C.fasterD.earlier29.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciously D.slowly30.A.embarrassedB.annoyedC.unsatisfied D.excited與上一段首句“new”近義暗示students____________________________同詞（同源詞）暗示反義暗示因果暗示因果暗示NMET2011GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeyphrases:__________________________specialclassesgiftedchildrenIthasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.A.principleB.theory C.argumentsD.classificationA.designingB.groupingC.learningD.livingA.smart B.curious C.mature D.averageA.regular B.specialC.smallD.creativeA.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designsFreePractice

NMET2011GuangdongClozeTestarguedchildrenclassesintellectual____children_____________theseHowevergifted同詞（同源詞）暗示同一話題暗示同一話題（場(chǎng)景）暗示反義暗示反義暗示因果暗示______________________________________________________________________However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachers’directions.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.

5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligent B.competentC.ordinary D.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly

_________________________________反義暗示與gifted近義暗示giftedchildren_________________________________因果暗示反義暗示因果暗示

Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegifted