新托福聽(tīng)力 自動(dòng)保存的

TOEFLiBT聽(tīng)力考試

簡(jiǎn)介聽(tīng)力測(cè)試包括2部分，每部分包含1個(gè)校園情景對(duì)話(campusconversation5q)和2個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)講座(academiclectures6q/each)。題目總數(shù)34道。總時(shí)間在60分鐘。此外，新托?？荚囘€設(shè)置了加試。聽(tīng)力考試的內(nèi)容更側(cè)重真實(shí)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。Campusconversation：與教授或者導(dǎo)師探討學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題/學(xué)生在校遇到問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)求學(xué)校工作人員幫助。Academiclectures:多集中在商務(wù)、教育、人文、工程、自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)研究等北美留學(xué)生常選的學(xué)科上。其題型設(shè)計(jì)目的是一般學(xué)生能夠聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、理解各種學(xué)術(shù)話題。其難度和大學(xué)生在校園生活中所遇到的各種語(yǔ)言環(huán)境相當(dāng)。TOEFLiBT特點(diǎn)1.答題形式：個(gè)人化應(yīng)試環(huán)境，活化題目場(chǎng)景，加強(qiáng)考生的理解程度。考生可以在聽(tīng)力中做筆記，幫助記憶細(xì)節(jié)。2.答題程序：先聽(tīng)、后讀、再選，不能進(jìn)行跳躍式做題，不允許考生有二次考慮的機(jī)會(huì)3.題型：除單選題外，還加入多選題、是非題、圖表題等。4.語(yǔ)音：以美音為主，個(gè)別演講段落加入“國(guó)際口音”。5.題目難度：長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)：3-6分鐘；細(xì)節(jié)多；語(yǔ)速快：140-220/字節(jié)；多人對(duì)話；有干擾因素TOEFLiBT測(cè)試重點(diǎn)1.basiccomprehension基本理解能力:該能力主要通過(guò)主旨題和細(xì)節(jié)題來(lái)考察。a.主要內(nèi)容What’sthesubject/topic/mainideaoftheconversation/lecture?Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing?Whatisthespeaker’smainpoint?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?b.主要目的Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor’soffice?Whydoestheprofessorasktoseethestudent?Whydoestheprofessorexplain/discuss/mention…?

c.細(xì)節(jié)題Accordingtothespeaker/professor/lecture,what/who/where/when/which/how/why….2.Pragmaticunderstanding語(yǔ)用信息理解能力：Functionquestions功能題

Stancequestions態(tài)度題

Let’sgotoamovieafterdinner.W:That’sattempting.However,thetennistournamentistomorrow,andIneedtogetinashortpracticesessiontonight.Sayrememberthatproposalforaninternationalfestivalnextspring?Doyouthinkthere'sanychanceit'llevergetofftheground?B:Idontthinkit'saquestionofwhetherit'llhappen.It'sjustamatterofwhereit'llbeheld.3.ConnectingInformation關(guān)聯(lián)信息理解能力：考察對(duì)文章脈絡(luò)和上下文關(guān)聯(lián)信息的把握，主要通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)題organizationquestions和關(guān)聯(lián)題connectingquestions和推測(cè)題inference實(shí)施測(cè)試organizationex.Howisthediscussionorganized?Howdoestheprofessordevelopthetopic?Howdoestheprofessorhelpthestudent？connectingex.Whatdoestheprofessormeanbythisstatement?Puttheeventsinorderfromtheearliesttolatestinferenceex.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetalk…?

Whatwillthestudentprobablydonext?聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練方法1.基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練：精聽(tīng)與泛聽(tīng)相結(jié)合精聽(tīng)：精準(zhǔn)理解dictation聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)精選材料，難度適宜以句子為單位，強(qiáng)化短時(shí)記憶力五步訓(xùn)練法，找出聽(tīng)力盲點(diǎn)，一一攻破結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，積累詞匯泛聽(tīng)：大概理解培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感題材多樣/聲音多樣2.應(yīng)試訓(xùn)練：針對(duì)考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行單項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，熟悉考試模式，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)與規(guī)律——多聽(tīng)、多總結(jié)、多積累抓住要點(diǎn)記筆記養(yǎng)成邊聽(tīng)邊記的習(xí)慣，摸索筆記的規(guī)律，形成自己的縮寫(xiě)及筆記符號(hào)系統(tǒng)段落總結(jié)

聽(tīng)完長(zhǎng)段落，寫(xiě)出關(guān)于該部分要點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)，不斷增加所聽(tīng)部分的長(zhǎng)度和縮寫(xiě)總結(jié)的長(zhǎng)度擴(kuò)充詞匯量和知識(shí)背景ActualTest1校園生活場(chǎng)景問(wèn)題在哪，如何解決。problem---solutionProblem--suggestion--stillproblem—moresuggestion—problemsolved在這個(gè)過(guò)程中注意對(duì)話雙方的態(tài)度。學(xué)術(shù)講座：主題展開(kāi)的方式：直接展開(kāi)/間接展開(kāi)把握講座的邏輯線索聽(tīng)力十大原則1.轉(zhuǎn)折原則：關(guān)注表示轉(zhuǎn)折和解釋的連接詞but,however,nevertheless,while,yet,unless,exceptfor,actually,infact,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth2.問(wèn)答原則：關(guān)注含有一問(wèn)一答或自問(wèn)自答的句子或結(jié)構(gòu)3.開(kāi)頭原則：主題往往出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭的一兩句話4.尾巴原則：關(guān)注結(jié)尾，往往結(jié)論會(huì)在此出現(xiàn)5.重復(fù)原則：反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞或概念6.強(qiáng)調(diào)原則：語(yǔ)義強(qiáng)調(diào)（強(qiáng)調(diào)詞/解釋/舉例/級(jí)別/對(duì)比/結(jié)論）、語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)調(diào)（重音/停頓/清晰）7.因果原則：原因（because,as,dueto,for,since,thereasonis/

結(jié)果(asaresult,consequently,hence,so,sothat,thus)

8.并列原則：first,second,third,plus,finallyetc…9.建議原則：Isuggest,propose,howabout,whatabout,ifIwereyou10.專有原則：人名、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等Methodsofauditioning:definition（sampleperformance,talent,functions)Methods

1.Monologue2.Coldreadingorperformingfromunfamiliarscript:sightreadingWhy:vitalprocessforselecting1.Earlystage:prepared2.Laterstage:groups/castingpanelAuditioningMethodsWhymonologuecoldreadingearlystageLaterstage考點(diǎn)6，8考點(diǎn)7，9考點(diǎn)11考點(diǎn)10WaterpollutionCauses(whatandhow)1.organicwastes:sewageandfarmwastes--lossofoxygen2.industriesdischarge:wastewater--thermaleffects3.dirt:--restrictphotosynthesis;diseasesDamage1.leadingcauseofdeath2.measuredamagebyhydrologytransportmodels小結(jié)1.出題點(diǎn)集中于主題、結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)解答、觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等2.聽(tīng)懂大意即可作對(duì)大多數(shù)題。3.多分析段落框架、結(jié)構(gòu)，把握內(nèi)在邏輯主線。4.根據(jù)主題或中心內(nèi)容，按照內(nèi)在邏輯合理推測(cè)。5.設(shè)身處地、合理聯(lián)想，推斷態(tài)度。UnitI:listenformainidea內(nèi)容主旨題內(nèi)容主旨題要求考生理解講座或?qū)υ挻笠?，?duì)聽(tīng)到內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)I.主題的出現(xiàn)：

1.開(kāi)頭部分。2.結(jié)尾部分3.反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞匯或概念I(lǐng)I.主題的出現(xiàn)方式

1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式：Today,wearegoingtotalkabout…I’dliketobeginmylecturebyintroducingLet’sfocuson2.問(wèn)答式：

Doyourememberwhattheyare…Howdoyouunderstandit3.全篇大意推導(dǎo)（較少）III.要點(diǎn)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)清開(kāi)頭（根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容對(duì)開(kāi)頭得到的信息進(jìn)行適度調(diào)整）抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞（正確選項(xiàng)中往往包含這些詞匯）關(guān)注例子、解釋、說(shuō)明等部分充分利用所記筆記，確定與筆記細(xì)節(jié)最貼近的主題IV.排除干擾項(xiàng)脫離文章主題過(guò)度的細(xì)節(jié)信息不準(zhǔn)確原文沒(méi)有提及的信息Unit1對(duì)話部分場(chǎng)景：圖書(shū)館2.教授辦公室3.書(shū)店4.教學(xué)秘書(shū)辦公室話題：借書(shū)2.談?wù)摮煽?jī)3.買(mǎi)書(shū)4.選課

問(wèn)題：1.如何找到所需要的書(shū)2.希望教授成績(jī)上給予照顧3.因欠款無(wú)法購(gòu)買(mǎi)書(shū)4.該選多少學(xué)時(shí)/選什么課分析：1.中心--“howwouldIgoaboutfindingthisbook”（problem)---“DeweyDecimalSystem”(marker:thefirstthingyou

needtoknow)次要點(diǎn)：--narrowyoursearchbydeterminingwhichofthetenbroadareasyourtopicfallsunder.

(marker:initially,forinstance)--tofindouttheexactnumber,yougotoourcardcatalog(marker:now,)--eachcategoryisbrokendownintosubcategories(marker:now)內(nèi)在邏輯：（stepsofhowtousingDeweyDecimalSystem)2.Problem(request)—solution(refusal/acceptance)

中心--“Iwanttotalkaboutmygradeinyourcalculusclass”（problem)---Ithoughtmaybeyoucouldoverlookmybadtestscoreandgivemeapassinggrade(marker:andwell)

次要點(diǎn)---Ibrokeupwithmyboyfriend(marker:because)---whatyouareaskingmeisfavorism/cheating(marker:nothingmorethan)---Ihavebeenundersuchstress(marker:but)---youarenotthefirstonewhohashadtodealwithpersonalissues(marker:but,forinstance)

內(nèi)在邏輯：（請(qǐng)求-給出原因-拒絕-給出原因)3purchasethebook問(wèn)題——問(wèn)題/矛盾升級(jí)（更多問(wèn)題）———解決中心句：A:IwouldliketopurchasethebookB:Iamsorry….butitseemslikeyouhavestillnotmadethepayment.Untilyoupaythearrears,Icannotletyoupurchaseanotheritem.問(wèn)題升級(jí):A:Ineedthisbookrightnow.IonlyhaveenoughmoneytobuythisbookB:eitheryoufindmoremoneyoryoureturnthebook進(jìn)一步升級(jí)：A:IcouldhaveswornIreceivedthebillandputacheckinthemail.B:Iamsorryagain…wearenotresponsible…解決：thepayment…wasforanotherstore…Excusemyrudeness.Marker:Iamsorry,Iamsorryagain…Oh!Oh!

話題詞匯deferredpayment延期付款bearwithme稍等pullupyourrecords調(diào)出你的記錄dubious懷疑duedate到期付款日arrear欠款(couldhavesworn)swear發(fā)誓dime一角錢(qián)4register問(wèn)題——問(wèn)題/矛盾升級(jí)（更多問(wèn)題）———解決中心句：A…h(huán)eretoregisterfornextsemester’sclassB:…signingupforthecoursesthatIneedformyjournalismmajor更多問(wèn)題1A:youwanttograduateintheusualfouryears?B:yes,Ireallycan’taffordtostaylongerthanfouryears.A:youtakeatleast15to18hourseachsemester更多問(wèn)題2A:Haveyoutakenalltherequiredcourses…B:Itookabiologyclassinsteadofamasscommunicationclass.Isthataproblem?A:youdefinitely

needtotakethemasscommunicationclassthisnextsemesterbecauseitisaprerequisite更多問(wèn)題3B:shouldItakeotherscienceclass…also?A:ItwouldbeagoodideaB:thereisageologyclassthatlooksinteresting.

話題詞匯register注冊(cè)signupforthecourses選課coursehours學(xué)時(shí)getburnedout精疲力竭summerschool暑期班requiredcourses必修課（選修課prerequisite先修/先行課程Lectures領(lǐng)域：音樂(lè)2.農(nóng)業(yè)3.公眾健康4.動(dòng)物學(xué)基本主題：1.歌劇的歷史2.水稻的起源3.牙菌斑4.老虎主題引出方式：1.3.4.直接給出2.由問(wèn)題引出Lecture1.要點(diǎn)：歌劇的歷史

什么是歌劇（歌劇的定義）歌劇發(fā)軔于希臘現(xiàn)代歌劇始于意大利歌劇中的詠嘆調(diào)（詠嘆調(diào)的定義和作用）歌劇包含悲劇也包含喜?。ǘx）Let’stalkaboutopera.

Operasaredramasthatemploytheuseofmusic.Whydon’twelookatthehistoryofopera…?WehavetheancientGreekstothankforinspiringthisformofexpression.ModernoperabeganinItalyduringtheRenaissance.Thecomplicatedsongsareknowasarias.Anariaisacomplexmusicalpassagecreatedtoshowcaseasinger’svocalrange…anariaallowstheperformertoexpressavariedrangeofemotions…Justasaplaycanbeacomedyoratragedy,sotoocanoperas.Theoperaseriawhichhas…butthereisalsotheoperacomique話題詞匯costumes戲劇服裝renaissance文藝復(fù)興embrace接受，信奉arias詠嘆調(diào)vocalrange音域morbid病態(tài)的comedy喜劇tragedy悲劇clichedform過(guò)時(shí)的形式operaseria正歌劇/悲歌劇operacomique喜歌劇Lecture2要點(diǎn)

水稻的起源

野生水稻早在16,000年前大冰川期之間就已存在。據(jù)信源于亞洲。(origin)馴化水稻的產(chǎn)生可追朔到中國(guó)文明早期(originated)進(jìn)一步解釋什么是馴化水稻(定義)有關(guān)水稻起源的神話傳說(shuō)whatistheoriginofrice?Doyoumeantheoriginofwildriceordomesticrice?…thescientificoriginofrice…themythologicalstories?…beginwithwildrice…h(huán)ardtopindownprecisedate…morethan16,000yearsago…originisAsiadomesticriceoriginatesbacktotheearlydaysofChineseculture.Domesticationhappenswhen……there’smorethanonemythbehindtheoriginofrice,butIwillbrieflysummarizeone…”thegiftoftheskyflood”話題詞匯domesticrice馴化水稻Greaticeage大冰川時(shí)期electrophoresis電泳法（新科技技術(shù)，用來(lái)分離不同物理性質(zhì)的分子）cultivate種植sowtheseeds播種yieldmorevolume高產(chǎn)量riceimprint水稻痕跡ricepaddy稻田positivetraits優(yōu)良特征seedling幼苗Lecture3要點(diǎn)牙菌斑

什么是牙菌斑(定義）牙菌斑的危害牙菌斑導(dǎo)致牙石（牙石的定義）如何預(yù)防牙菌斑（進(jìn)一步解釋）Today,wewillbediscussingoralplaque.Oralplaqueisayellowish,stickyfilmofbacteria.…leads

to…dentalcavitiesorevenmoreseriousdiseasesItisbecause…ithardensintowhatisknownastartar.Tartarisaveryhardsubstancethat…sowithregularbrushingandregularvisitstothedentist,youcanhelpprotectyourteethfromthebuildupplaque.dailybrushingandflossing,regularvisitstothedentist話題詞匯oralplaque牙菌斑afilmof一層bacteria細(xì)菌dentalcavities蛀牙tartar牙石gum牙齦swollen發(fā)炎，腫naturaldefense自然防護(hù)imperative絕對(duì)必要的，必須做的saliva唾液neutralizetheacidicenvironment中和酸性環(huán)境microorganism微生物enamel釉質(zhì)floss牙線Lecture4要點(diǎn)

老虎的動(dòng)物學(xué)定義老虎的特點(diǎn)a.每只老虎的條紋都獨(dú)一無(wú)二,附帶解釋了一下白老虎的問(wèn)題b.老虎是最大的貓科動(dòng)物c.老虎的種類

老虎的瀕危處境todaywearegoingtobediscussingthe…animal,thetigerAtigerisamammalwith…..Didyoualsoknowthatnotwotigersharethesamestripepattern?Analbinotigerisatigerwith….Didyouknowthattheyarethelargestofallthecats?Therearealsoeightsubspeciesoftigerthatscientistshaveidentified…tigersontheendangeredspecifieslist.Whyaretigersendangered?huntfortheirskins…valuableasbiggametrophies...peopleseethetigerasathreat話題詞匯intimidating讓人畏懼的mammal哺乳動(dòng)物stripe條紋albino白化病deceiving欺騙的mane鬃毛subspecies亞種endangered瀕危的poacher偷獵者livestock家畜extinct滅絕的majestic莊嚴(yán)的注意學(xué)生的提問(wèn)。提問(wèn)往往引出重要次論點(diǎn)，或是對(duì)主論點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)和解釋，是考點(diǎn)所在。注意對(duì)論點(diǎn)、次論點(diǎn)的定義和解釋UnitTwo目的主旨題Gist-Purpose目的主旨題考查的是對(duì)話的目的，而非內(nèi)容。問(wèn)題形式：Whatisthemainpurposeof…?