專題二閱讀七選五第1講段首題

專題二 閱讀七選五第1講 段首題[真題演練]A(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號58210016)BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.__36__Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately，we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom，liedto，misled，orcheatedon，therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.__37__It'sunderstandable，butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain，wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.__38__Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.__39__Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”．Atsomepointinallofourlives，we'llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidn'tlose“everything”．Oncetrustislost，whatisleft？Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__Instead，it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E．They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹了人們在遭受背叛和欺騙后如何重建信任。36．解析：第一句“Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences”.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習(xí)得行為。 )是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義：puttingconfidenceinsomeone(對某人寄托信任)，故選B項。注意：選項B與第一句為順承關(guān)系。答案：B37．解析：選項E與上文能形成因果關(guān)系。 “They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.”(他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生 )是上一句“Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.”(有時候人們就是不能再信任別人 )的原因。并且與下一句“It'sunderstandable...”(這是可以理解的??)有順承關(guān)系。答案：E38．解析：空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項 A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.(學(xué)會真正信任你自己)與空格后的“Havingconfidenceinyourself”形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。 trustyourself相當于haveconfidenceinyourself。答案：A39．解析：空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。下文中“Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha‘victimmentality’．”(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成為客觀環(huán)境的受害者。但是成為受害者與以“受害者的心態(tài)”活著是有區(qū)別的)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)victim一詞，而選項C中的關(guān)鍵詞也為victim，形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項 C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.不(要把自己當作受害者)起到總起本段的作用。答案：C40．解析：“Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened”.(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見)與下一句“Instead，it'sahealthyway...forpositive...”(相反，這是一個健康的方式??)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。并且選項中的positive與下文的positive形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：GB(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號58210017)Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate.Banks，companies，andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness，especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.__36__Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.__37__Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”__38__Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber，forexample.Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet，inorder，from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter，themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.__39__Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”__40__However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文，介紹了三種主要類型的密碼的設(shè)置方法和破解的方法。36．解析：后句內(nèi)容可以判斷該空應(yīng)該和密碼的破譯有關(guān)，故判斷D項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯，可以承接上下文。答案：D37．解析：后面舉的例子是來證明人們設(shè)置密碼時往往會利用一些單詞的第一個字母來作為密碼，由此判斷故 E選項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯。答案：E38．解析：根據(jù)空后面的解釋內(nèi)容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的又一種方法，故判斷 G選項符合語境。答案：G39．解析：根據(jù)空后面的舉例以及空前句中的 acodebook可以判斷該句是介紹密碼書的使用，故判斷F選項可以起到承上啟下的作用。答案：F40．解析：根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會使用很久的時間，故判斷 A選項符合語境。答案：A[模擬演練]A(2017·豫南九校聯(lián)考)Youmayhavegrownuplivingwithsistersandbrothers,orthismaybeyourfirsttimetoshareyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.__1__However,itcanalsobeagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.Followthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear.Beclearfromthebeginning.Maybeyouhateitwhensomeoneinterruptsyouwhenyouaresleepingeverymorning.Maybeyouneedtenminutestoyourselfbeforetalkingtoanyoneafteryouwakeup.__2__It'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway,andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.__3Thismayseemsimple,butit'sprobablyoneofthebiggestreasonswhyroommatesexperienceconflicts.Don'tyouthinkhe'llmindifyouborrowhisshoesforaquicksoccergame?Forallyouknow,youjuststeppedovertheline.Don'tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.Beopentochange.Youshouldexpecttolearn,growandchangeduringyourtimeatschool.__4__Asthetermprogresses,youshouldrealizethingswillchangeforbothofyou.Becomfortableaddressingthingsthatunexpectedlycomeup,settingnewrules,andbeingflexibletoyourchangingenvironment.Followthegoldenrule.__5__Nomatterwhatyourrelationshipisattheendoftheyear,youcantakecomfortknowingyouactedlikeanadultandtreatedyourroommatewithrespect.A．Respectyourroommate'sthings.B．Letyourroommateknowaboutyourpreferences.C．Treatyourroommatelikeyou'dliketobetreated.D．Livingwitharoommateisreallyawonderfulthing.E．Havingaroommatesurelyhasitschallenges.F．Youshouldcorrectyourbadhabitsfirst.G．Andthesameshouldhappentoyourroommate,ifallgoeswell.【語篇解讀】 本文為說明文。本文主要介紹了在上學(xué)時和室友交往應(yīng)該注意的事項。1．解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的However可知前后兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可知答案為E項。答案：E2．解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“It'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickuponthemrightaway，andcommunicatingwhatyouneedisoneofthebestwaystogetridofproblemsbeforetheybecomeproblems.”可知，指望他們能立即察覺出你的喜好是不公平的。告知他們你的需要是在問題出現(xiàn)前就把問題解決掉的最佳方法之一， 故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選B項。答案：B3．解析：本段作者告誡讀者在沒有得到室友允許的情況下，不能使用對方的東西。由此可見本段的主題是：要尊重室友的東西。故答案為A項。答案：A4．解析：設(shè)空處前的意思為：在校期間你應(yīng)該期望學(xué)習(xí)、成長和變化。設(shè)空處后的意思為：你應(yīng)該意識到，隨著這一學(xué)期逐漸過去，事情會隨你們變化。由此可推出答案為 G項。答案：G5．解析：根據(jù)主題句中的“thegoldenrule”，再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的內(nèi)容可知答案為C項。答案：CB(2017·太原高三期末檢測)Nowadays，morepeoplelosetheirjobsandthepricesofgoodsandservicessteadilyincrease.__1__．ButwheredoIstart?EverythingI'mpayingforisnecessity.There'snothingIcancutdownon.Butifyoutakeacarefulandobjectivelookatyourbillsandallthe“stuff”you'repayingfor，youactuallydonotneedagoodmajorityofthem.I'veputtogether5tipsthatyoucanfollowrightnowtoreduceyourcosts.1．CutBackonEatingout.Maybeyoudidn'tnoticeeatingoutisoneofthethingsatyourbudgetandyoucansavesomuchmoneyjustbyreducingthenumberoftimesyoueatout.__2__It'ssomuchcheaperpreparingfoodathomeandhealthiertoo.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldnevereatout.Youcanchoosespecialdaystoeatoutlikebirthdaysoranniversaries.2．ReduceYourElectricityConsumption__3__Thiswillhelpreduceyourelectricityconsumption.WithCFLs(節(jié)能燈)yousavesomuchonpower.Alsounplugappliances(家用電器)thatyou'renotusing.3．CutBackonMagazineorPrintSubscription(訂閱費)Magazinesaregreatbutsometimestheycomewitharticlesthatyoudon'treallycareaboutsoyoudon'tbotherreadingthem.__4__Reviewyourmagazineorprintsubscriptionstodeterminewhichonestounsubscribefrom.Youcanalsodrawoutalistoftopicsorcategoriesyoulikereadingaboutandsearchforfreeonlinealternativeswhereyoucanreadaboutthetopicofyourchoice.4．CancelYourGymMembershiporGoforaPay-Per-UsePlan.Exerciseisimportanttostayhealthy.Infact，yousavemoremoneywhenyoustayphysicallyfitthanifyouareinpoorhealth.Buttherearemoreaffordablewaystokeepfit，ifyouexerciseforhealth'ssakeandnoasabodybuilderorsomething.Exerciseathomeorjogaroundyourneighborhood.ifyoucan'tworkoutwithoutanexercisetrainer，trysearchingforexerciseroutinesonYouTube.Ifyouwanttousegymequipment，thenyoucanconvertyourgymmembershipstyletopay-per-use.__5__Ofcourse，youdon'tneedtopracticealloftheseatonce，butifyouarereallywillingtocutdownonthosecosts，thenoneofthesewillsurelycomeinhandy.A．Startbyturningoffthelightsyou'renotusing.B．They'resosimplebuttheresultsareimpressiveC．Asanalternative，makemorehome-cookedmealsD．It'stimeforyoutotakeactionanddosomethingaboutyourbillsE．ThatwayyoupayonlywhenyoucometothegymtousetheequipmentF．InvestingymequipmenttocutdownrecurrentcostsofgymmembershipG．ThesedaysmostoftheinformationornewsisavailableontheInternetforfree.【語篇解讀】 文章就節(jié)省家庭開支提出了一些具體建議。1．解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上句講雖然有許多人失業(yè)了，但物價并沒有下降。下句講所以我們要節(jié)省開支。 D項連接前后，故選 D。答案：D2．解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講減少外出就餐次數(shù)，下句講在家吃既節(jié)省又健康。 C項：如果兩者選一，就多在家自己做飯。連接前后，故選 C。答案：C3．解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講減少電費開支，A項：不用時關(guān)掉電燈，是節(jié)約電的具體表現(xiàn)，故選 A。答案：A4．解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講節(jié)省報紙雜志的訂閱費；G項：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上多數(shù)的新聞是免費的，符合本段文意，故選G。答案：G5．解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講取消健身房會員資格或按次數(shù)付費， 上句講如果要使用健身房的設(shè)施， 改變會員形式或按次數(shù)付費， E項承接上句是具體表現(xiàn)，故選 E。答案：EC(2017·福州師大附中高三期中檢測 )BeingLeft-handedinaRight-handedWorldTheworldisdesignedforright-handedpeople，butwhydoesatenthofthepopulationprefertheleft？__1__Theanswertoitremainsabitofamystery.Sincescientistshavenoticedthatleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies，it'sassumedthatleft-handednesshasagenetic(基因的)componenttoit.__2__Infact，identicaltwins，whosharethesamegenes，cansometimesprefertousedifferenthands.Therearealsoplentyoftheoriesonwhatelsemightdeterminewhichhandyouwritewith，butmanyexpertsbelievethatit'skindofrandom.Historically，theleftsideandleft-handednesshavebeenconsideredanegativethingbymanycultures.__3__Insomeareas，thelefthandbecameknownasthe“unclean”hand.Inmanyreligions，therighthandofGodisthefavoredhand.Forexample，JesussitsatGod'srightside.God'slefthand，however，isthehandofjudgement.Variousactivitiesandexperiencesbecomerudeorevensignsofbadluckwhenthelefthandbecomesinvolved.InsomepartsofScotland，itisconsideredbadlucktomeetaleft-handedpersonatthestartofajourney.__4__Apersongivingdirectionswillputtheirlefthandbehindthemandevenphysicallytrytopointwiththeirrighthandifnecessary.InsomeAsiancountries，eatingwiththelefthandisconsideredimpolite.__5__Peoplecometorealizethatleft-handednessisnatural.Peopleevennoticedthatmanyfamouspeopleareleft-handed，includingBenjaminFranklin，LeonardoDaVinci，andCharlieChaplin.Someresearchersfindoutthatleftiesaremorecreativeandcandealwithabstractthinkingbetter.Theleft-handednessismoreeasilyadaptabletotheright-handedworldaswell.Beingleft-handedisnolongerasadstorynow；instead，itisawonderfulgiftormaybeitissomethingyoushouldtakepridein.A．Inotherwords，left-handersarebornthatway.B．Left-handednessusedtoberegardedasadisability.C．Theunfavorableassociationsoftheuseofthelefthandamongculturesarevaried.D．Whydotheyprefertousetheirlefthandratherthantheirrighthandforroutineactivities?E．Whydosomeparentsforcetheirleft-handedchildrentobecomeright-handedwhenwriting?F．InGhana，pointing，gesturing，givingorreceivingitemswiththelefthandisconsideredrude.G．Fortunately，nowadaysmostsocietiesandculturesnolongerrejectleft-handednesslikebefore.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了左撇子的成因以及在歷史上不同文化的人們對這種情況的看法。 隨著時代的變化，人們現(xiàn)在對左撇子的看法已發(fā)生了改變。1．解析：該空上句提出問題，下文又敘述答案，故此處也應(yīng)提出問題，選D項。答案：D2．解析：上句提到左撇子的成因有遺傳因素，故此處用 A項進行具體解釋。答案：A3．解析：結(jié)合上句，左撇子在許多文化中被認為是不好的；下文具體敘述到不同文化中，人們對左撇子的看法，故此處應(yīng)承上啟下，選C項。答案：C4．解析：前文提到“InsomepartsofScotland”以及之后的“InsomeAsiancountries”并結(jié)合后文“givingdirections”的內(nèi)容可推知，此處應(yīng)具體敘述某一國家人們對左撇子的看法，故選 F項。答案：F5．解析：本段下文提到現(xiàn)在人們開始意識到左撇子是很正常的行為，且本句作為開頭，可以推斷出 G作為本段大意。答案：GD(2017·龍巖高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號58210018)Maybeyouoftenhaveargumentswithyourparentsaboutclothes，homework，friendsandmanyotherpersonalthings.__1__Mostteenagersmustbesorryorevenfrightenedwhentheirparentsfight.Theymightthinktheirparentsdon'tloveeachotheranymoreandthatitwouldresultindivorce.__2__Theymightdisagreeaboutimportantthingslikejobsormajorfamilydecisions.Theymightevendisagreeaboutlittlethingsthatdon'tseemimportantatall—likewhat'sfordinnerorwhattimesomeonegetshome.Maybesometimesparentscanfeelsostronglyabouttheirdifferencesthatitmayleadtoarguments.However，theseargumentsareoftenoverquickly.__3__Asafamilymember，youshouldfindoutwhatitreallymeanswhenyourparentsfight.Whenyourparentsgetupsetwitheachother，theymightcryorsaythingstheydon'treallymean.Mostpeoplelosetheircoolnowandthen，soifyourparentsarefighting，don'tworrytoomuchaboutit.__4__Ifyourparents'fightreallybother