動(dòng)詞不定式-高中版

動(dòng)詞不定式Jacky考情呈現(xiàn)基本構(gòu)成各種變化形式作用與特殊情況刀法兩招與牛刀演練主打INFOGRAPHICELEMENTS考情呈現(xiàn)

是啥？長(zhǎng)啥樣兒？對(duì)，帶to有to滴

肯定：(to)do

否定：not/never(to)do基本構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義一般todoto

bedone與句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生完成tohavedonetohavebeendone先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生進(jìn)行tobedoing謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行tohavebeendoing先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生并且延續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)例句意義一般I

need

tosleepfor8hourseverynight.與句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生完成Johnpretended

nottohaveseenme.先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生進(jìn)行Thingsseem

tobegettingbetter.謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行He

issaid

tohavebeenstudyingabroad.先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生并且延續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)比如說時(shí)態(tài)例句意義一般Ineedtosleepfor8hourseverynight.M5P8與句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生完成Johnpretendednothaveseenme.M5P8先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生進(jìn)行Thingsseemtobegettingbetter.M5P8謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行He’ssaidtohavebeenstudyingabroad.先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生并且延續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)有個(gè)啥用？作用名稱主語賓語表語謂語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語不定式√√√√√√有個(gè)啥用？作用名稱主語賓語表語謂語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語不定式√√√X√√√既然不是謂語也就木有人稱和數(shù)的變化咱就甭管主語是多少人或物主語這個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單Toseeistobelieve.

Toseeis

tobelieve.It’sniceofyoutohelpmeout.人品It’simpossibleforhimtoarriveintime.

事情的重要性主語不定式很長(zhǎng)很華麗時(shí)，常常先擺出形式化的it，本尊壓軸，如

It’sourresponsibilitytotryourbesttosavewater.口語中不論長(zhǎng)短，不定式也常常壓軸，常用說法有：It’sadj.+ofsbtodosth側(cè)重人It’sadj.+for

sbtodosth側(cè)重事動(dòng)賓賓語此類常用不定式充當(dāng)賓語的動(dòng)詞有：want,wait,hope,wish,offer,decide,refuse,pretend,learn,

plan,agree,manage,setout.等等

Ican’twaittospeakEnglish.此類常見動(dòng)詞有：find,make,feel,

think，consider,believe,等等

另一個(gè)常見說法find

it+adj.+todoIfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently.賓語但。。。。。。，如這句話Wehavenochoicebut

(give)in.賓語介賓有些情況下介詞后會(huì)有疑問詞，如We’regoingtolookat

whattodoifyou’reaskedtogoforaninterview.M11P18但。。。。。。，如這句話Wehavenochoicebut

(give)in.賓語介賓所以but,except除外有些情況下介詞后會(huì)有疑問詞，如We’regoingtolookat

whattodoifyou’reaskedtogoforaninterview.M11P18togive前方高能！??！賓語Hewasabletodonothingexcept

(wait).賓語Hewasabletodonothingexcept

(wait).wait賓語若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，則常省略to，在形式上我們可以理解為，do和to水火不容看個(gè)不簡(jiǎn)單的Whathewantedtodowas

becomeaskillfulworker.表語這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單，比方說Mywishistotravelaroundtheworld.看個(gè)不簡(jiǎn)單的Whathewantedtodowas

becomeaskillfulworker.表語這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單，比方說Mywishistotravelaroundtheworld.主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，充當(dāng)表語的不定式中就可以省略to(to)此時(shí)不定式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的形容詞，所以常置于主角兒------修飾詞之后在邏輯上與被修飾的成分有主謂和動(dòng)賓兩種關(guān)系，如Heisthefirststafftoarrive.主謂Wehavealotofproblemstosolve.動(dòng)賓但動(dòng)賓關(guān)系中。。。。。。你們懂得，看這句Jazzisprettyamazingmusicto

(listen)

定語此時(shí)不定式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的形容詞，所以常置于主角兒------修飾詞之后在邏輯上與被修飾的成分有主謂和動(dòng)賓兩種關(guān)系，如Heisthefirststafftoarrive.主謂Wehavealotofproblemstosolve.動(dòng)賓但動(dòng)賓關(guān)系中。。。。。。你們懂得，看這句Jazzisprettyamazingmusicto

(listen)

定語listento①如果不定式中動(dòng)詞不及物，則其后應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的介詞Hehasnoplacetolive.(live)“√”or“X”定語Hehasnoplacetolive.(live)“√”or“X”

②動(dòng)賓關(guān)系中，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place,或way,

則末尾的介詞習(xí)慣省略定語Hehasnoplacetolive.(live)“√”or“X”

②動(dòng)賓關(guān)系中，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place,或way,

則末尾的介詞習(xí)慣省略定語一些標(biāo)志詞名詞：decision,wish,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,right,ability,patience不定代詞：something,everything,anything,nothing

后常有不定式

修飾，如Hedoesn’thavetheabilitytopayback.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?定語目的

常用說法inorderto,soasto(不能位于句首)Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.TolearnEnglishwell,hisfatherbroughthimadictionary.

不溫馨警告！目的狀語中不定式的動(dòng)作必須由主語發(fā)出

TolearnEnglishwell,he

broughthimadictionary.狀語e.g.Isthatroombigenoughtoseatallofusintheteam?狀語也常用于以下說法中：so...astodosth,enoughtodosthsuch...astodosth,too...todosth結(jié)果意外的結(jié)果，不定式前常有典型的only來加強(qiáng)語氣，如Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.e.g.Isthatroombigenoughtoseatallofusintheteam?狀語也常用于以下說法中：so...astodosth,enoughtodosthsuch...astodosth,too...todosth結(jié)果意外的結(jié)果，不定式前常有典型的only來加強(qiáng)語氣，如Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.原因表達(dá)某種情緒或狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生的原因狀語這類說法的標(biāo)志形容詞有：sad,glad,happy,sorry,pleased,ready,surprised,disappointed,delighted,shocked等

e.g.ShefeltprettysurprisedtoseeGorgewalkin.原因表達(dá)某種情緒或狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生的原因狀語這類說法的標(biāo)志形容詞有：sad,glad,happy,sorry,pleased,ready,surprised,disappointed,delighted,shocked等

e.g.ShefeltprettysurprisedtoseeGorgewalkin.評(píng)論類表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，會(huì)出現(xiàn)在以下大家常見到的短語中：狀語tosumup,nottomentionneedlesstosay,tobehonest/frank,tostartwith,tomakemattersworse,toputitanotherway,toyoutellthetruthe.g.Tobehonest，Ijustdon’tlikeTagore’spoems.

評(píng)論類表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，會(huì)出現(xiàn)在以下大家常見到的短語中：狀語tosumup,nottomentionneedlesstosay,tobehonest/frank,tostartwith,tomakemattersworse,toputitanotherway,toyoutellthetruthe.g.Tobehonest，Ijustdon’tlikeTagore’spoems.

其中一部分為不帶to的補(bǔ)語按對(duì)象分兩類：主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，也就是常說的的主補(bǔ)和賓補(bǔ)

補(bǔ)語標(biāo)志詞-----帶（呆）to（兔）的賓補(bǔ)中ask,allow,beg,advise,force,encourage,get,order,permit,persuadee.g.Weexpecthimtocomethisweekend.

其中一部分為不帶to的補(bǔ)語按對(duì)象分兩類：主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，也就是常說的的主補(bǔ)和賓補(bǔ)

補(bǔ)語標(biāo)志詞-----帶（呆）to（兔）的賓補(bǔ)中ask,allow,beg,advise,force,encourage,get,order,permit,persuade,require,teach,tell,want,warn,forbidtoputitanotherway,toyoutellthetruthwish,waitfor,expect,callon,cause

Ioftenhearhim

thatsong.(sing)

補(bǔ)語

Ioftenhearhim

thatsong.(sing)

感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞后跟不帶（呆）

to（兔）的不定式做賓補(bǔ)

此類動(dòng)詞有：“一感”、“二聽”、

“三使”及“五觀”補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語feelhear

listentohavelet,makenoticelookatobservesee,watch二聽一感三使五觀補(bǔ)語

一個(gè)雷區(qū)

Isawhimenterourclassroom.（主動(dòng)）→Hewasseen

enterourclassroom.（主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)）被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，原賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)時(shí)，需要加上to，加上to，加上to。重要的事情說三遍！你們懂得。

to補(bǔ)語以下被動(dòng)版說法中，不定式被動(dòng)版常用作主語補(bǔ)足語e.g.Heisthought

thefirsttelephoneintheworld.(invent)sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought等+tobedone/tohavebeendone補(bǔ)語e.g.Heisthought

thefirsttelephoneintheworld.(invent)補(bǔ)語sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought等+tobedone/tohavebeendonetohaveinvented以下這些標(biāo)志詞是不定式作主/賓補(bǔ)的信號(hào)補(bǔ)語帶（呆）to（兔）think,consider,believe,find,judgefeel,imagine,prove,appoint,supposee.g.Heimagineshimselftobeanableman.

不定式充當(dāng)定語和被修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可能直接出現(xiàn)或間接出現(xiàn)在劇中，比如說:Wehavelotsofhardshipstoovercome.

Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.“be+形容詞+不定式”說法中，常見此類形容詞有：easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible等。如：Thisworkiseasytodo.特殊情況不定式與疑問代詞連用時(shí)，如：Idon’tknowwhich

tochoose.某些動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，此類常用動(dòng)詞有toblame,tolet等，如：Thishouseistolet.

IfeltIwastoblameforthisbicycleaccident.特殊情況常用說法therebe中，主、被動(dòng)表達(dá)含義不同。主動(dòng)形式意味著必須有人去完成某事，被動(dòng)則強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身必須被完成，如：There’salotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework)There’salotofworktodone.(Alotofwokhastobedone)句中不定式如果出現(xiàn)邏輯主語，則只用主動(dòng)，如：There’snothingformetodotoday.特殊情況常用搭配通過兩個(gè)動(dòng)作——謂語動(dòng)詞和不定式——的時(shí)間先后和相應(yīng)狀態(tài)，確定時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)不定式表達(dá)的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系確定語態(tài)刀法兩招考情呈現(xiàn)基本構(gòu)成各種變化形式作用與特殊情況刀法兩招與牛刀演練QuickReview1.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems

wrongwithit.togoB.tohavedoneC.goingD.havinggone2.Ithinkitagreathonor

tovisityourcountryinthefuture.A.toinviteB.invitingC.havingD.tobeinvited3.Davidthreatened

hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported牛刀演練D真正賓語

B表語C賓語

4.Wehadnoone

us,forwecoulddealwiththecaseallbyourselves.help