m2 unit1 語法-現(xiàn)在完成時-現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

GrammarandUsageThebluebutterflyflewaway.Theredbutterflyisflyingaway.一般過去時：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動作

pastfuturenowIhaveflownforfiveminutes.fiveminutes

PresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have(has)+過去分詞e.g.Johnhasbrokenhisleftleg.用法常用狀語have(has)done1.從過去開始的動作,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在2.表示曾經(jīng)做過某事或已經(jīng)做過某事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果1.for,since2.already,yet,never,ever,just現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成MadamQiuhasworkedinthisschoolformorethanthirtyyears.MissLaiandIhavestayedheresinceOctober.…formorethanthirtyyears…sinceOctoberfor后接的是時間段。since后接時間點，而且是過去時間。e.g.Tomhaslivedhereforalongtime.Ihaveknownallofyousincelastmonth.Fillintheblanks:(for&since)1.ShehaslearntEnglish______threeyears.2.ShehaslearntEnglish______threeyearsago.forsince

threeyearagofuturenowthreeyears3.Theyhavelivedhere______1990.4.Theyhavelivedhere______23years.sincefor1990futurenow23yearsIhavejusthadmybreakfast.影響：現(xiàn)在我不餓。havehadbreakfastI’mnothungrynowIhaveseenthisfilm.haveseenthefilmIknowthecontent.影響：現(xiàn)在電影的內(nèi)容我已經(jīng)知道了。1.yet&already

二者常用于完成時態(tài)中。yet意為“仍然還未”，常用在否定句或疑問句中；already意為“已經(jīng)”，常用于肯定句中。詞語辨析例題(yet&already)1.Tomhas_______left.2.Ihaven’treadtoday’snewspaper_____.alreadyyet1.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_____________thedinner.2.KidshavelearnedEnglishatschool.Kids________________________

Englishatschool.3.I’vealreadyhaddinner.I___________dinner____.4.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He_____________hishomework___.haven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedhaven’tlearned把下列句子改為否定句2.everadv.

ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,與現(xiàn)在完成時連用.

HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?ever的反義詞是never,意為“從不;從未”。

Maryhasneverboughtanybooks.

☆havebeento:去過某地(但已經(jīng)回來,人不在某地)☆

havegoneto:去某地了(說話時某人在去某地的途中或已在某地)句中如果用ever,never,once(一次),twice(兩次),threetimes(三次)等時間狀語時,用

havebeento

havegoneto&havebeentoHehasgonetoParis.（他現(xiàn)在在巴黎）HehasbeentoParis.（他去過巴黎已經(jīng)回來了）1.I____never____toChina.have_____beenhave_____gone2.--”Where’smother?Sheisn’there.”--”She________tothesupermarket.”hasgonehasbeen

since+過去時for+時間段recentlylatelythesedaysthisweekinthepastfewdays

sofaruptonowuntilnow現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1.Sofarthisyearwe___afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)

A.saw

B.see

C.hadseen

D.haveseen2.Uptonow,theprogram____thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山東)A.wouldsave

B.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved英語動詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的。終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續(xù)性動詞或瞬間動詞)，非延續(xù)性動詞表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。非延續(xù)性動詞startbegindieleavearrive非延續(xù)動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換(熟記)come—behereleave/go—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havefinish—beoverbegin—beondie

—bedeadgettoknow—knowarrive/getto/come/reach

—bein/atmarry/getmarried(to)—

bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep

—

beasleepjointheclub—beamemberoftheclub

1.Hehasbeendeadfor3years.2.Hehasdiedfor3years.

4.IhavehadtheTVfor5years.

3.IhaveboughttheTVfor5years.判斷正誤5.Kellyhasgotmarriedforsixyears.非延續(xù)動詞got→been

常用固定句型

Itis/Ithasbeen+

一段時間+since+從句

（一般過去時）翻譯：他祖父去世已有兩年了。

Itistwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.=Ithasbeentwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.2)

This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that+從句（現(xiàn)在完成時）

翻譯：1.這是他第一次參觀這家工廠。

2.這是我第二次讀這本書。1.Itisthefirsttimethathehasvisitedthisfactory.2.ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavereadthebook.

常用固定句型

常用固定句型3)

This(That/It)isthebest/mostinteresting/finest/…+that+從句（現(xiàn)在完成時）

1.這是我看過的最好的電影。

ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereaten.2.這是我吃過的最好吃的食物。Reviewhavebeentohavegoneto現(xiàn)在完成時用法1.從過去開始的動作,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在2.表示曾經(jīng)做過某事或已經(jīng)做過某事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果去某地，回來了去某地，還沒回來延續(xù)動詞和非延續(xù)動詞一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作，與具體的過去時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，不與具體過去時間狀語連用，但可與ever,never等詞連用。yesterdaytomorrowthreedaysagolastyearnextyearthedayaftertomorrowseveraldaystwohoursmanyyearsoncetwicesincealreadyyeteverjust現(xiàn)在完成時必備詞Reviewsince+時間點already與肯定句連用yet與否定句或疑問句連用反義詞：neveronetimetwotimes謂語動詞之前Ifinishedmyhomeworkanhourago.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.一般過去式一般過去式現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Form:have/hasbeendoing

注意：不用被動語態(tài)

the

PresentPerfectContinuousTense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時構(gòu)成:

have/has+been+doing2)它的肯定、否定及疑問形式：肯定句:

I

havebeenworking.

She

hasbeenworking.否定句:

I

havenotbeenworking.

He

hasnotbeenworking.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的概念疑問句:

HaveI

beenworking?

Has

she

beenworking?

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.Theboy________________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.

hasbeenhaving現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法1表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能持續(xù)下去.broadcast

1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcastCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramssince1984.

TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.中國人有2000年的造紙歷史。動作還將繼續(xù)下去

她肯定累了，因為她一天一直在跳舞。Shemustbetired,forshehasbeendancingallday.現(xiàn)在完成時和

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的比較

pastfuturenowdid

dohavedone

pastfuturenowdid

dohavebeendoing

do現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1.Ihavepostedthephotos.2.Hejustreadthebook.3.Shehasbeentheretwice.4.Hehaslivedheresince2002.現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)的動作可能已經(jīng)完成，也可能還要繼續(xù)”已經(jīng)…..”1.Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.2.Ihavebeenwritingaletter.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時則強(qiáng)調(diào)還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。一般翻譯成“一直…”比較一：LiJia__________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Shefinishedreadingthebook.)LiJia______________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Sheisstillreadingthebook.)

hasread

hasbeenreading比較二：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實，一種影響或結(jié)果。試比較：Who’s

beeneating

myapples？

Who’s

eatenmyapples？

(1)有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿。(2)進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示“蘋果未被全部吃光”

(1)只是希望回答一個問題。(2)完成時態(tài)表示“蘋果一個不剩了”比較三：

_____________________haveyoubeenswimming