高中英語人教版2TheUnitedKingdom 優(yōu)秀獎

2023秋英語人教版必修5U3同步綜合訓練及答案UnitThreeLifeinthefuture一、語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof__1__(great)andless,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof__2__(achieve)．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__3__(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused__4__ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterinthe,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive__5__possiblebeforewillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent__6__(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__7__(regular)．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor__8__while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely__9__(bring)yourworkcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis，__10__(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.二、完形填空ItwasunusuallyquietintheemergencyroomonDecemberdidn’tthinktherewouldbeany__1__，sighingabouthavingtoworkonthenfivebodies__2__atmydesk，apalewomanandfourchildren.“Areyouall__3__？”Iasked.“Yes，”shesaidweaklyandloweredherhead.Butwhenitcameto__4__oftheirproblems，thingsgotalittleuncertain.Twoofthechildrenhadheadaches，twochildrenhadearaches，__5__onlyonecouldtellmewhichearwasofacoughbutseemedtoworktoproduceit.Ididn’tsayanythingbut__7__thatitmighthealittlewhile__8__adoctorcouldseeher.Sheresponded，“__9__yourtime；it’swarminhere.”Then，Icheckedtheirchart.Noaddress—theywaitingroomwaswarm.Iwentbacktothenursesstationandmentionedwehadahomeless__11__inthewaitingroom.Thenurses，complainingof__12__onChristmas，turnedtosympathyforafamilyjusttryingtoget__13__onChristmas.Theteamwentintoaction，muchaswedowhenthere’sthiswasaChristmasemergency.Wewereall__15__afreemealonChristmasDay，sowetookbackthatmealandpreparedabigdinnerforneededdifferentdepartmentscandies，fruitsandotherthings__18__thatcouldbepresents.Asseriouslyaswemetthe__19__needsofthepatients，ourteamworkedtomeettheneedsofafamilywhojustwantedtobewarmonChristmas.Later，asthefamilywalkedtothedoorto__20__，thefour-year-oldboycamerunningback，gavemeahugandwhispered，“Thanksforbeingourangelstoday.”三、閱讀理解A【2023北京高考真題】BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2023,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohalp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”NataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.friendshadlosttheirlivesneighborhoodwasdestroyedschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynelderlywerefreefromsufferingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?peoplehelpingRockawayrebuildpeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingvolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeopledidNataliehelpthesurvivors?gavehertoystothekidstookcareofyoungerchildrencalledontheWhiteHousetohelpbuiltaninformationsharingplatformdoesthestoryintendtotellus?peoplecanmakeabigdifferencefriendinneedisafriendindeedorWest,homeisbestispowerB閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(緊張氣氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.1．Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PunishmentB.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.C.PunishmentorReward:WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?D.TwoRecentStudies.2．Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised3．Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.A.rewardinggoodbehaviorB.correctingbadbehaviorC.punishingbadly-behavedchildrenD.praisingwell-behavedchildren

CPartofaresearchstudy，byscientistsatMcMasteruniversity，whichisongoingintotheinfluenceofdrinkingmilkafterheavyweightlifting，hasobservedthatmilkhelpsexercisersburnmorefat.Thescientiststookthreegroupsofyoungmen18to30yearsofage,56intotal，andputthemthroughastrict，five-day-per-weekweightliftingprogramovera12-weektheirworkouts，studyparticipantsdrankeithertwocupsofskimmilk(脫脂奶)，orasoybeveragewithequivalentamountsofproteinandenergy，oracarbohydratebeverage(碳酸飲料)withanequivalentamountofenergy.Uponthestudy’sconclusion，scientistsobservedthat：themilkdrinkinggrouphadlostnearlytwiceasmuchfat—twopounds—asthoseinthecarbohydratebeveragegroup，wholostonepoundofdrinkingsoylostnothesametime，thegaininmusclewasmuchgreateramongthemilkdrinkersthaneitherthesoyorcarbohydratebeverageparticipants.Aspublishedinthefirststageofthestudy，themilkdrinkinggroupcameoutontopintermsofmusclegainwithanestimated40percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthesoybeverageaddition，thisgroupgained63percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthecarbohydratebeveragedrinkers.“Ithinktheevidenceisbeginningtoincrease，”saysStuartPhillips—theleaderofthestudy.“Milkmaybebestknownforitscalcium(鈣)contentinsupportingbonehealth，butourresearch，andlaterothers’，cancontinuallysupportmilk’sabilitytoaidinmusclegrowthandalsopromotebodyfatistheidealpost-workoutdrinkforrecreationalexercisersandathletesalike.”1．Accordingtothestudy，whichisthebestdrinkforexerciserstoloseweight?A．Fruitjuice. B．Soybeverage.C．Skimmilk. D．Carbohydratebeverage.2．FromthepassagewecanlearnthatmilkhasagoodeffectonallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．musclegain B．braindevelopmentC．bonehealth D．fatloss3．Accordingtothepassage，wecanknowthat________.A．thescientistschosepeopleaged18,30and56asparticipantsoftheresearchB．theweightliftingprogramwhichstudyparticipantsattendedwas84daysintotalC．peoplewhodrinkmilkeverydayarealwayshealthierandthinnerthanothersD．soybeveragesarebetterthancarbohydratebeveragesforexerciserstogainmuscle4．WhatdoesPhilipswanttotellus?A．Moreevidenceisneededtostrengthentheirresearch.B．Milkhasmorecalciumthansoyorcarbohydratebeverages.C．Thecalciuminmilkcanalsohelpgainmuscleandlosefat.D．Athletesshouldbeforbiddentodrinkotherbeveragesexceptmilk.5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Whatexercisersshoulddotoloseweight.B．Howmilkinfluencespeople’shealthandfigure.C．Thedifferencesbetweenmilkandsoyorcarbohydratebeverages.D．Aresearchontheeffectofdrinkingmilk—gainmuscleandlosefat.四、任務型閱讀Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger.Theresearchcomesfrompoortomiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.RobertBlackfromtheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealthatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMaryland.istheleadwriteroftheresearch.Hesaysmorethanmillionmothersandchildrenunderfivedieinpoorcountrieseachyearbecauseofhunger.Hesaysmorethantwomillionchildrendiefromunderdevelopment,eitherbeforeorafterbirth.Millionsofotherswhosurvivefacealifetimeofdisabilitiesorearlydeathandtheeffectsarenotjustphysical.Poormentaldevelopmentalsoresultsfromhungeraschildrengrow.Thenthecycleofpovertyandhungeroftencontinuesfortheirchildren.DoctorBlacksayshungrychildrenarealsomorelikelytohaveconditionslikehighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseasadults.Hesaysthestudiesshowthatfoodprogramsneedtoplacethegreatestimportanceonthefirsttwoyearsoflife.Hungrychildrencansuffertheirwholelifedamagefromagetwo.Itishightimetheirdietswereimproved.DietsshouldincludefoodsrichinvitaminAandotherusefulvitaminsandminerals.Theresearcherssayearlyhelpsuchasthiscouldreducechilddeathsby25%.Thisresearchhasalsofacedsomecriticism.Amedicalaidgroupsaystheresearchersunderestimate(低估)thenumberofchilddeathsduetohunger.Theresearcherssaytherearefindingsthatsupportthistreatmentbutmorestudiesareneededtocompareittohospitalcare.TitleAnewresearchTheme(1)________ischildren’sbiggestkiller.Thegeneralintroduction●Ofallchilddeathsthroughouttheworld,35percent(2)________fromhunger.●Thechildreninpoorormiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmericaare(3)________withsuchasituation.●Eachyearhungercausesovermillionmothersandchildrenunder5inpoorcountriestodie.The(4)________effectsofhungeronchildren●Overtwomillionchildrendieofhugerbeforeoraftertheyare(5)________.●Millionsofthesurvivorswillbedisabledalltheirlivesordieatanearly(6)________.●Hungercanalsoresultinchildren’sbadmentaldevelopment.●Hungercanbringchildrenhighbloodpressureandhearttrouble,too.The(7)________tosavechildren●Foodprogramsmustrealizetheperiodbetweenthebirthandtheageof2isthemost(8)________forchildren’sphysicaldevelopment.●Dietsshouldbeimproved.●Dietsshouldcontainfoodwith(9)________vitaminsandminerals.Somecriticismontheresearch●Not(10)________childdeathsarepaidattentiontobytheresearchers.五、短文改錯Mother’sDaywasaroundthecorner.Mygoodfriend 1._____Alice,JennyandIgettogether,discussingwhatweshoulddoto 2.______ourrespectfor.Alicewasplanningtobuysomeflowerswith 3.______hispocketmoneyinhonorofhermother.Jennywasgoingtobuy 4.______vegetablestocookdeliciousdinnerforherfamilyonthatday,because5._____shewantedtoexperiencehowmanyhermotherdoesforherfamily6.______everyday.Asforme,I’dliketomakeagreetingcard,said 7.______“HappyMother’sDay”,inwhichIwouldalsotellmymother 8.______topayattentiontohealthorpromisehertostudyharder. 9.______WearelookingforwardtoMother’sDay. 10.______【參考答案】一、語法填空【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是當我們在工作中感到壓力巨大時，應該如何合理釋放這些壓力。內(nèi)容涉及處理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期間定期休息等。1．greater[考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)后面的andless可知，此處也要用比較級形式。]2．a(chǎn)chievement[考查名詞的用法。介詞of后要用名詞作賓語。固定表達asenseofachievement成就感。]3．is[考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語為動名詞短語leavingtheless...，動名詞作主語謂語要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，且這里說的是一個客觀事實，故要用is。]4．on[考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。固定短語befocusedon專心于，集中于。]5．a(chǎn)s[考查固定表達。正是因為人們早晨的注意力更為集中，所以我們要早起，要和午飯之前一樣高效率。固定表達as...aspossible盡可能……]6．studies[考查名詞的復數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞show可知，主語應該是復數(shù)形式。]7．regularly[考查副詞的用法。如果我們定期休息的話。此處修飾動詞短語takeshortbreaks，故要用副詞形式。]8．a(chǎn)[考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和思想休息一會。固定表達forawhile一會兒。]9．tobring[考查不定式的用法。固定表達belikelytodo...很可能做某事。]10．make[考查祈使句中的動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，故謂語要用動詞原形。]二、完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。圣誕夜，當我們這些護士為還要繼續(xù)工作而抱怨時，一家五口來急診。當我們了解情況后，紛紛伸出援助之手，讓無家可歸的一家人度過了一個溫暖的圣誕節(jié)。 B．patientsC．workers D．tourists解析customer意為“顧客”；patient意為“病人”；worker意為“工人”；tourist意為“游客”。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處是醫(yī)院，“我”想著圣誕節(jié)應該不會再有病人了。答案B2．howedup B．tookinC．cameout D．lookedon解析showup意為“出現(xiàn)”；takein意為“吸收；欺騙”；comeout意為“出版；結(jié)果是”；lookon意為“旁觀”。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，是五個人出現(xiàn)在“我”的辦公桌前。答案A3．A.eager B．hungryC．sick D．warm解析由語境可知，此處是在醫(yī)院，因此我詢問他們是不是都病了。答案C4．A.descriptions B．commentsC．instructions D．results解析description意為“描述”；comment意為“評論”；instruction意為“說明”；result意為“結(jié)果；成績”。由語境可知，當他們開始描述他們的病情時，事情就有點讓人摸不著頭腦了。答案A5．A.so B．forC．thus D．but解析由語境可知，兩個孩子說頭疼，兩個孩子說耳朵疼，但只有一個能告訴“我”是哪只耳朵疼。這里表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案D6．A.mother B．childrenC．nurses D．doctor解析根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，母子共五人來看病，其中四個孩子都說了自己的問題，只剩下母親沒有說了，因此是孩子的母親說自己咳嗽了。答案A7．A.answered B．imaginedC．explained D．a(chǎn)nalysed解析answer意為“回答”；imagine意為“想象”；explain意為“解釋”；analyse意為“分析”。由語境可知，“我”也沒說什么，只是解釋說，過會兒醫(yī)生才會來給她檢查。答案C8．A.after B．sinceC．before D．when解析由語境可知，在醫(yī)生來之前還得有一會兒。答案C9．A.Make B．TakeC．Care D．Spend解析make意為“使得；形成”；take意為“拿；取”；care意為“在意”；spend意為“度過”。由語境可知，她回答說：“不著急，這里挺暖和的?！眛akeone’stime意為“不著急”，符合語境。答案B10．A.lonely B．greedyC．clever D．homeless解析lonely意為“孤獨的”；greedy意為“貪婪的”；clever意為“聰明的”；homeless意為“無家可歸的”。由語境可知，“我”查了下他們的登記表，但登記表上沒有寫地址，因此他們是無家可歸的。答案D11．A.family B．holidayC．woman D．Christmas解析由語境可知，回到護士室，“我”講述了候診室里這無家可歸的一家子人的事。答案A12．A.operating B．interruptingC．managing D．working解析operate意為“手術(shù)；操作”；interrupt意為“中斷”；manage意為“管理”；work意為“工作”。由語境可知，原本抱怨圣誕節(jié)還要上班的護士們，都轉(zhuǎn)而同情起在圣誕節(jié)只祈求溫暖的這家人了。答案D13．A.present B．warmC．relief D．comfort解析present，意為“禮物”；warm意為“溫暖”；relief意為“救濟；安慰”；comfort意為“安慰”。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，這家人在圣誕節(jié)來到醫(yī)院，是為了尋找溫暖。答案B14．A.beneficial B．friendlyC．medical D．different解析beneficial意為“有益的”；friendly意為“友好的”；medical意為“醫(yī)學的”；different意為“不同的”。由語境可知，這個團隊馬上展開行動，就好像我們對待醫(yī)療緊急情況一樣，只不過這次是“圣誕節(jié)急診”。答案C15．A.rewarded B．offeredC．a(chǎn)llowed D．ordered解析reward意為“獎勵”；offer意為“提供”；allow意為“允許”；order意為“命令”。由語境可知，圣誕節(jié)這天，醫(yī)院食堂免費給我們提供一頓飯。答案B16．A.neighbors B．relationsC．brothers D．guests解析neighbor意為“鄰居”；relation意為“關(guān)系”；brother意為“兄弟”；guest意為“客人”。由語境可知，我們把飯領(lǐng)回來，為我們的圣誕客人準備了一場大的宴會。答案D17．A.borrowed B．receivedC．collected D．bought解析由語境可知，我們從不同的科室收集了糖和水果。collectfrom意為“收集”，符合語境。答案C18．A.expensive B．fantasticC．generous D．a(chǎn)vailable解析expensive意為“昂貴的”；fantastic意為“奇異的；極好的”；generous意為“慷慨的”；available意為“可得的；可利用的”。由語境可知，除了糖和水果，還有一些能當做禮物的可以利用的東西。答案D19．A.healthy B．physicalC．tragic D．mental解析healthy意為“健康的”；physical意為“身體的；物理的”；tragic意為“悲劇的：不幸的”；mental意為“精神的；腦力的”。由語境可知，我們的團隊工作嚴肅，就像滿足患者的身體需要一樣，我們盡力滿足這家人只想過一個溫暖圣誕節(jié)的愿望。答案B20．A.leave B．travelC．rest D．relax解析由語境可知，當這家人走到門前要離開的時候，那個四歲的孩子跑回來，給了“我”擁抱和感謝。答案A三、閱讀理解A、1.B 2.A3.D 4.A B、試題分析：文章主要介紹了兩項研究的過程和研究成果。近期的兩項研究顯示，懲罰不是影響行為的最好方法。其中一項研究顯示，成年人在一個基于獎勵的機制中更具合作性。另一項研究表明，懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展。1．選擇最佳標題。A項太片面；文章沒有提到最好的方法，排除B；D項不夠具體；根據(jù)第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，研究表明，獎勵能夠促進合作，懲罰不利于孩子的心智發(fā)展，故選C。2．猜測詞義題。根據(jù)帶第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，被父母體罰的孩子，他們的智商比沒有受到體罰的孩子的低5分，根據(jù)最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知，孩子受到的懲罰越多，他們的心智發(fā)展得越慢，說明劃線詞是“懲罰”的意思，故選B。3．推理判斷題。B、D兩項文中未提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知，懲罰不利于孩子的身心發(fā)展，排除C；根據(jù)第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，獎勵能夠促進合作，而懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展，只有A項與