動詞不定式用法小結(jié)13概要

動詞不定式用法小結(jié)動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。.作主語例如：Tobeadoctorishard.做醫(yī)生很難。TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.學(xué)好英語不容易。動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語，而把真正的主語一一動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：Itishardtobeadoctor.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.再如：It,simportanttoplanttreesinspring.如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It,sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday.對學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的?？偨Y(jié)：itis+adjforsbtodosth..作表語：動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例:Hisworkistodriveacar.他的工作是開車。Myjobistofeedanimals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。Herambitionistobeadoctor.她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。.作賓語動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。例：下面的動詞只能加不定式作賓語：下面的動詞只能加不定式作賓語：.agreetodosth2.arrangetodosth同意做某事 安排做某事5.misetodosth應(yīng)該做某事 承諾做某事3.decidetodosth4.hopetodosth決定做某事 希望做某事7.refusetodosth8.seemtodosth拒絕做某事 好像做某事9.wanttodosth10.plantodosth11.pretendtodosth12.wishtodosth想要做某事 計劃做某事 假裝做某事 希望做某事12.preparetodosth13.appeartodostn14.disagreetodosth準(zhǔn)備做某事 好像做某事 不同意做某事Iwanttotellyouastory.我想給你講個故事。Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.他們每天早晨8點開始工作。Don,tforgettolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門。Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“to”例：（1）Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.他想和我們一起去游泳。（2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it作形式賓語。IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.他覺得趕上別人很困難。四.作賓語補足語下面的動詞只能加不定式作賓語補足語：1.electsbtodosth2.allowsbtodosth3.tellsbtodosth4.asksbtodosth選舉某人做某事 允許某人做某事 告訴某人做某事 問某人做某事例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。Pleaseletmehelpyou.讓我來幫助你。動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補足語：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.例：Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Iwantyoutogonow.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。.省“to”的不定式作賓語補足語：四看'：lookat,observe,see,watch三讓：have,let,make二聽：hear,listento 一"感覺'：feel 一“注意'：notice例如：Let/make/havesb.dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.讓那個男孩出去。Theboymadethebabycry.男孩弄哭了這個小孩。see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們在操場打籃球。Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。.可省可不省的：helpsb.（to）dosth.Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。*動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：（1）Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（2）省to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not.例：Lettheboynotgo.讓那個男孩別走。（3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語，動詞不定式則不省“to”即原來省的再加上，例：Theboymadethebabycry.Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。五.動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?誰第一個到的？Shehasnopapertowriteon?（介詞一定不能省略）。她沒有紙寫字？ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?你這有喝的嗎？*動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：Ihavenochairtositon.我沒有椅子坐。Hehasnohousetolivein.他沒有房子住。

.動詞不定式作目的狀語：動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在go,come,hurry等不及物動詞后，表目的。Hewenttoseehissisteryesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。Theygotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.他們早起去趕早班車。有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強調(diào)目的。例：ToearlyEnglishquicklyandwell,hewenttoEngland.為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。.不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.（表語）Nooneknowshowtodoit.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）Ireallydon,tknowwhichonetochoose.（賓）我真的不知道選哪一個。Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.（主語）何時何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：Idon,tknowwhattodonext.我不知下一步該做什么？Idon,tknowwhatIshoulddonext.下面的動詞既可以加不定式也可以加動名詞:你知道一下幾個詞組的漢語意思嗎?1.liketodosth2.forgettodosthdoingsth doingsth喜歡做某事 忘記做某事1.liketodosth2.forgettodosthdoingsth doingsth喜歡做某事 忘記做某事下面的動詞只能加動名詞：3.stoptodosth4.remembertodosthdoingsth doingsth喜愛做某事 討厭做某事1.suggestdoingsth2.practisedoingsth建議做某事 練習(xí)做某事1.suggestdoingsth2.practisedoingsth建議做某事 練習(xí)做某事3.enjoydoingsth4.finishdoingsth喜愛做某事 完成做某事【模擬試題】（答題時間：30分鐘）一.選擇填空：Heaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came2.Pleasetellhimonthewall.2.Pleasetellhimonthewall.A.don,tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hadI,dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒絕）backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.working C.toworkD.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didn,tsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohaveB.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohasIt,sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helpingIt,simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting.A.AttendB.wouldattendC.attendingD.toattendPleasegivemeapieceofpaper.A.towriteB.towriteonC.writingD.towriteit19.Idon,tknow.A.whatdoB.whatwilldoC.whattodoD.dowhatYourradioneeds.A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repairedD.torepairingMywishisateacher.A.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.becameIwanthimaletternow.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wroteIttookusthreedaysthetrees.A.plantB.plantedC.toplantD.plantsWhynothereme?A.tocome,toseeB.come,toseeC.came,seeingD.come,seeHewishesmemybesthardatEnglish.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,workPleasetellmeher.Ihavesomethingher.A.wheretofind,telling B.wheretofind,totellC.wherecanfind,totell D.wherefinding,tellingHowhappytheyareeachotheragain!A.toseeB.seeC.sawD.beingseenTheydecided（決心）alettertheirthanks.towrite,expressing（表達）writing,expresswrite,expressedtowrite,toexpressTheofficerordered（命令）himdownarest.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,hadTheheadmastercalledon（號召）ushardforourcountry.A.toworkB.workedC.workD.toworking二.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldn,tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idon,tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon,tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石頭）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.

Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.0.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon,tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon,tknowwhatnext.14.I,mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I,mverysorrythebadnews.15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish..Myfatherpromised(許諾)thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike..TheboxissoheavythatIcan,tcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme..“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown..“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.【試題答案】1.B7.B13.B19.C25.A2.C8.D1.B7.B13.B19.C25.A2.C8.D14.A20.A26.B3.A 4.C 5.B6.A9.C 10.B11.A12.DB21.B27.AC22.A28.DD23.CBB24.BA1.tosay2.tohave3.towrite4.for,to,read5.enough,tolift6.tospend7.in,order,to,gettobuy9.tovisit10.togo11.towork12.tosaytodo14.tohear15.tohave16.tolearn(study)tobuy18.for,tocarry19.tolie20.not,tomake外研版初二英語（上）Module9動詞不定式練習(xí)題I單項選擇(45%).Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whatdoIdoD.howIshoulddo.Thegirlwasn'ttoliftthatbookcase.A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.sostrong.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.A. hard B. ithard C.ithardtoD.it ishardto.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeonehertheway.A. show B. toshow C.showingD. showed.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.hadbetterD.wouldbetter.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.A.turnagainstB.toturnagainstC.toturntoD.turntontheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.A.findB.tofindC.lookD.tolookfor8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthespiritofit.A.masterB.holdC.takeholdofD.tomastertwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveD.himtoleave.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.willputback.Napoleonspokesoloudlyastoinfrontofhissoldiers.A.hearB.beheardC.listenD.belistenedto12.Televisionandradiotoknowwhatisgoingonallovertheworld.madeitpossibleofushavemadeuspossiblehavemadeitpossibleforushavemadeitbepossibleforushaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry.A.forleavingB.toleaveC.ifleavingD.tohaveleftdon'tseehowIcouldpossiblemanagetheworkwithout.tofinish；helpingtofinish；beinghelpedfinishing；helpingfinishing；beinghelped15.Weallthinkitmostfoolishthismistake.A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill agoodplacewhichtobelivedinagoodplacetoliveagoodplacetoliveinagoodplacetolivefor17.—Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,weren'tyou?—Yes,wewereandhadtostoptheway.A.askingB.toask C.askedD.tobeasked18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthepresenceofherboyfriend.A.tocriticizeB.tohavecriticizedC.tobecriticizedD.tohavebeencriticized19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythingstheydon,treallyneed.A.persuade B.persuadingC.bepersuading D.topersuade20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthegeneralmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.

A.foryoutowork B.ofyoutoworkC.foryouwork D.youwork21.Onourwaybackhome,welunchbecausewefelthungry.A.stoppedtohave B.stoptohaveC.stoppedhaving D.stopedtohave2.IdidnothingbutmylessonslastSunday.A.gooverB.togooverC.wentoverD.goon23.I'dpreferA.tostay;totakeC.tostay;take24.Hewassofollish.B.stay;totakeD.stay;takehiscarunlocked.A.toleave23.I'dpreferA.tostay;totakeC.tostay;take24.Hewassofollish.B.stay;totakeD.stay;takehiscarunlocked.A.toleaveB.thatleaveC.astoleaveD.forhimtoleave.Yourflatneeds.Doyouwantmeitforyou?A.toclean;todoB.cleaning;doingC.cleaning;todoD.tobecleaned;doing.Whatthescientistsaidgreatlyencouragedustheexperimentagain,buthissecretary,swordsdiscouragedustheexperimentanymore.A.totry;todo B.totry;fromdoingC.fortrying;fromdoingD.trying;todo.waterbeforebreakfastseemedtothemarulenever .A.Toget;breaksB.Toget;tobreakC.Getting;breaksD.Get;tobreak.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodafteroperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating."Doyouhaveanyclothestoday,Sir?"askedthemaidpolitely.A.wash B.tobewashedC.towashD.tobewashing.Mr.Greenhasneversmokedanymoresincehiswifehim.A.suggested;togiveitup10B.persuaded;togiveupitC.advised;togiveitupD.persuaded;togiveitupII.把下列的定語從句和同位語從句改為不定式短語(15%)l.Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome..Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassed..AttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday..Theysignedanagreementthattheyshouldexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries..Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver.III.把下列的狀語從句改為不定式短語(15/%)1.Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews.'mgladIhaveseenyourmother.Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawher